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Production of Chlorobenzene

1) Chlorobenzene is produced industrially by reacting liquid benzene with gaseous chlorine using Lewis acids like FeCl3 as catalysts. This produces chlorobenzene as well as byproducts like hydrogen chloride and dichlorobenzene. 2) A flowsheet is presented involving mixing benzene and chlorine, heating the mixture in a reactor to produce products, separating gases like hydrogen chloride, and using two distillation columns to obtain 95% pure chlorobenzene while recycling unreacted benzene. 3) Simulation results are provided for stream properties and compositions at each stage, showing the process can produce high purity chlorobenzene.

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270 views2 pages

Production of Chlorobenzene

1) Chlorobenzene is produced industrially by reacting liquid benzene with gaseous chlorine using Lewis acids like FeCl3 as catalysts. This produces chlorobenzene as well as byproducts like hydrogen chloride and dichlorobenzene. 2) A flowsheet is presented involving mixing benzene and chlorine, heating the mixture in a reactor to produce products, separating gases like hydrogen chloride, and using two distillation columns to obtain 95% pure chlorobenzene while recycling unreacted benzene. 3) Simulation results are provided for stream properties and compositions at each stage, showing the process can produce high purity chlorobenzene.

Uploaded by

Yosua ardian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Production of Chlorobenzene from Chlorine And

Benzene
Aniruddh Mukunth
SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur
Background
Chlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbons plays a significant role by acting as a precursor in various
production process. One such important chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon is monochlorobenzene
which is predominately used in the production of intermediates such as nitrophenol, nitrophenetole
and used in other applications such as paints, adhesives, dyes, and drugs as it is a high boiling
solvent.

Monochlorobenzene is industrially prepared by reaction of chlorine and liquid benzene with the help
of Lewis acids like FeCl3 , AlCl3 , MnCl2 which acts as a catalyst. During the production hydrogen
chloride is obtained as the byproduct and other undesirable compound such as Ortho and Para
Dichlorobenzene is produced. The amount of production of dichlorobenzene depends on the ratio of
benzene and chlorine chosen. Hence to achieve desired amount of monochlorobenzene complete
conversion of benzene is not intended. It is reported that we can obtain a maximum of 73 % of
monochlorobenzene and 22-23 % of dichlorobenzene and 4-5 % of unreacted benzene under
suitable conditions when chlorine and benzene is reacted. NRTL is most suitable thermodynamic
package to simulate the production of monochlorobenzene.

Description of Flowsheet

Liquid benzene(S1), gaseous chlorine (S2) and the recycle stream (S3) is fed together as a feed. The
feed is mixed with the help of mixer (mixer 1) and then heated to around 313.15 K using a heater
(heater1). The stream is then fed into the conversion reactor where chlorine and benzene react to
form monochlorobenzene, hydrogen chloride, o-dichlorobenzene, and p-dichlorobenzene. The
product mixture is then introduced into the compound separator where the components like
hydrogen chloride and chlorine is separated into material stream (S8) completely. The stream (S7)
which is rich in monochlorobenzene is sent to a distillation column (DistColumn1) to separate the
unreacted benzene (S9) that is present. The unreacted benzene can be recycled and used for further
processing. The stream (S10) is rich in monochlorobenzene is subjected to another distillation
column (Distcolumn2) to separate from the dichlorobenzene and obtain around 94-95% purity in the
stream (S11) which is the required product.

Results
Stream S1 S2 S3 S6 S8 s11
Temperature(K) 313.15 313.15 357.921 313.15 313.15 406.38
Pressure (Pa) 101325 101325 101325 101325 101325 101325
Mole Flows(mol/s) 12.8022 14.1032 2.2364 29.1418 14.103 10.4546
Molar Composition
Benzene 1 0 0.82265 0.080503 0 0.00022
Chlorine 0 1 0 0.000425 0.0008797 4.44E-16
Hydrogen Chloride 0 0 2.59E-19 0.483525 0.9912 0
Monochlorobenzene 0 0 0.17683 0.374825 0 0.956088
o-dichlorobenzene 0 0 0.00037 0.022537 2.465E-32 0.01113
p-dichlorobenzene 0 0 0.176832 0.03863 0 0.032579

Comments and Conclusion


A flowsheet is built to produce chlorobenzene using chlorine and benzene. A product of high purity
is obtained using this process. The same flowsheet was simulated in DWSIM which resulted in less
than 1% error.

Reference
(1) Uwe Beck and Eckhard Loser, Chlorinated Benzenes and other Nucleus-Chlorinated Aromatic
Hydrocarbons in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. 8 (2010), pp. 488- 491.
(2) Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Emissions from Chlorobenzene Production, Chapter 4 in LOCATING AND ESTIMATING AIR
EMISSIONS FROM SOURCES OF CHLOROBENZENES (REVISED), March 1994.

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