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App 002 Reviewer

The document provides an overview of different types of arguments according to the reasoning used, including arguments from transitivity, incompatibility, reciprocity, comparison, generalization, example, cause, and sign. It also discusses emotional appeals as a method of persuasion and types of emotional appeals such as appeals to common folk, false authority, name calling, and association. Finally, it provides guidelines for writing an introduction to a survey report, including capturing the reader's interest, introducing relevant literature, and introducing the present study.

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Kristine Joy Diga
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27 views3 pages

App 002 Reviewer

The document provides an overview of different types of arguments according to the reasoning used, including arguments from transitivity, incompatibility, reciprocity, comparison, generalization, example, cause, and sign. It also discusses emotional appeals as a method of persuasion and types of emotional appeals such as appeals to common folk, false authority, name calling, and association. Finally, it provides guidelines for writing an introduction to a survey report, including capturing the reader's interest, introducing relevant literature, and introducing the present study.

Uploaded by

Kristine Joy Diga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REVIEWER

APP 002
Argument — explains why a claim is correct and believable
— made on the basis of supporting evidence, such as facts, comparisons,
examples, and the writer's experiences.

Different types of arguments according to reasoning based on Evidence:

1. Argument from Transitivity — involves three terms associated through the


process of classification.

— two classification statements serve as premises which serve as the


basis for the argument.

2. Argument from Incompatibility — presents two contradictory choices.


3. Argument from Reciprocity — individuals and situations that can be put
together under the same category should be treated in the same way.
4. Argument from Comparison — two situations will have the same outcome
because of the similarities between these situations.
5. Argument from Generalization — uses one member of a population to make
conclusions about the entire population.
6. Argument from Example — similar to argument from generalization, but this
argument uses a group of examples-a sample-from that population to serve as
a basis.
7. Argument from Cause — posits that A is caused by B.
● Two types of Causes
○ Strong Cause — The occurrence of the cause guarantees the
existence of the effect
○ Weak Cause — The occurrence of the cause is necessary for the
effect to occur.
8. Argument from Sign — uses a sign or indicator X to argue the existence of
condition Y.

Emotional Appeals — a method of persuasion that is designed to create emotional


response.

1
— considered fallacies or errors in reasoning because they manipulate
emotions in an audience.

● Emotion — also known as pathos or suffering in Greek

—one of the modes of persuasion identified by Aristotle.

● Other two are logos or logic and ethos or authority

Types of Emotional Appeals (McWhorter, 2001)

1. Appeal to Common Folk — pointing out that a person is no different from


ordinary people or a product or idea is something that ordinary people would
purchase or support.
2. False Authority — a person speaks as an expert on something on which he/she
has no expertise.
3. Name Calling or "Ad Hominem" — uses labels with negative meanings to cast
one's opponent in a bad light.
4. Association — done by creating a link between one thing or idea and another
one that people have positive or negative feelings for.

Survey —a data collection method that involves asking a selected group of people.

Survey Report — an objective and systematic written presentation of the goals and
findings of a survey.

— a kind of research that requires selecting a sample people/group to


answer questions.

● In writing your survey report, you need to introduce first the reason for
conducting your survey.

Introduction — introduce your survey report by presenting the reason for conducting
your survey and your objectives.

Guidelines when Writing an Introduction

1. Try to Capture the Readers' Interest Right Away


● introduce your topic by posing an interesting question

2
● do NOT use jargon
2. Introduce the Relevant Literature
● discuss previous literature that can speak to your question
● define all your terms
● You should organize this section of your paper in such a way that you
logically build to YOUR study.
3. Introduce the Present Study
● reader should be able to predict what you were going to examine

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