Answer Key

Chapter Test A 25. Sample answer: Even

Multiple Choice though most cells carry all
1. c the same DNA, cells can
2. d differentiate among the
3. a genes and use only certain
4. d ones. Depending on which
5. d genes are activated, a cell
6. b can differentiate into a
7. d muscle cell, neuron, or red
blood cell.
8. b
9. b
10. c
11. a
12. c
13. b
14. a
15. d
Short Answer
16. mitosis
17. D
18. They are shown as an X.
19. In part B of the diagram,
DNA condenses into tightly
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coiled chromosomes.
20. Sample answer: In part
B, the chromsomes are
duplicated and consist of
two sister chromatids. In
part D, the sister chromatids
have separated from each
other.
21. Accept any one: muscle
cell, neuron, red blood cell.
22. capable of developing into
a complete organism or
differentiating into any of
its cells or tissues
23. fertilized egg cells
24. The most specialized cells
are muscle cells, neurons,
and red blood cells. They
can give rise to other closely
related, specialized cells.

Answer Key 1
 CHAPTER CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION
5 Chapter Test A

Multiple Choice
Choose the letter of the best answer. (15 credits)

1. If a cell cannot move enough material 5. During which of the following stages
through its membrane to survive, then shown in Figure 5.1 does the cytoplasm
the ratio of its surface area to volume is of a cell divide?
a. too large. Cell
b. just the right size. Cycle
c. too small.
gap 1
d. growing too quickly.

2. Before a cell can proceed to mitosis

from the gap 2 stage of the cell cycle, mitosis
it must
a. double in size. synthesis
gap 2
b. complete a full cell cycle.
c. undergo cytokinesis.
d. pass a critical checkpoint. FIG. 5.1
3. During interphase a cell grows,
a. gap 1 c. gap 2
duplicates organelles, and
b. synthesis d. mitosis

Cell Growth and Division

a. copies DNA.
b. divides the nucleus. 6. Kinases and cyclins are internal factors

CHAPTER 5
c. divides the cytoplasm. that
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.

d. produces a new cell. a. cause apoptosis.

b. control the cell cycle.
4. Why do the cells lining the stomach
c. cause cancer cells to break away.
divide more quickly than those in the
d. prevent mitosis.
liver?
a. They are much smaller cells. 7. Proteins from outside a cell that
b. They have fewer chromosomes. stimulate it to divide are called
c. They need much more surface area. a. oncogenes.
d. They undergo more wear and tear. b. stem cells.
c. cyclins.
d. growth factors.

Assessment Book Chapter Test A 93

McDougal Littell Biology
 CHAPTER TEST A, CONTINUED

8. Which statement describes the 12. Which statement about the process of
chromosome shown in Figure 5.2? binary fission is true?
a. It does not involve the division of
cytoplasm.
b. It does not require any duplication
of DNA.
c. It does not take place in multicellular
organisms.
d. It does not produce genetically
identical offspring.
FIG. 5.2
13. A plant’s leaf consists of
a. It is made up of two histones.
a. a group of organs.
b. It is made up of two chromatids.
b. various types of tissue.
c. It is made up of two centromeres.
c. organs that form a system.
d. It is made up of two telomeres.
d. many identical cells.
9. In a single-celled organism, mitosis is
used for 14. Cells in a developing embryo
differentiate based on
a. development. c. growth.
a. their location in the embryo.
b. reproduction. d. epair.
b. symmetry in the first division.
10. Which of the following is true of c. their particular DNA.
Cell Growth and Division

malignant tumors? d. secretions from the embryo.

a. They do not require treatment.
CHAPTER 5

15. Which organism is capable of

b. They are easily removed through

Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.

reproduction through asexual mitosis?
surgery.
c. They can cause tumors in other parts a. horse c. bacterium
of the body. b. oak tree d. starfish
d. They contain cells that stay clustered
together.

11. One difference between a cancer cell

and a normal cell is that
a. cancer cells divide uncontrollably.
b. normal cells divide uncontrollably.
c. cancer cells cannot make copies of
DNA.
d. normal cells cannot make copies of
DNA.

94 Chapter Test A Assessment Book

McDougal Littell Biology
 CHAPTER TEST A, CONTINUED

Short Answer Use the diagram below to answer items 16–20. (5 credits)

A C

B D

FIG. 5.3

16. What is the name of the process shown in the diagram? (The letters are for identification,
but do not indicate the order of the process.)

17. Write the letter of the stage in the cycle that occurs last.

18. How are sister chromatids represented in the diagram?

Cell Growth and Division

CHAPTER 5
19. Describe the events that take place in part B in the diagram.
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.

20. How are the chromosomes shown in part B different from the chromosomes shown
in part D?

Assessment Book Chapter Test A 95

McDougal Littell Biology
 CHAPTER TEST A, CONTINUED

Use the diagram below to answer items 21–25. (5 credits)

inner cell mass

fertilized egg

muscle cells red blood cells

neurons
FIG. 5.4

21. Name one type of cell shown in the diagram that is multipotent.
Cell Growth and Division
CHAPTER 5

22. What does it mean for a cell to be totipotent?

Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.

23. Which of the cell masses shown in the diagram contains cells that are totipotent?

24. List the cells in the diagram that are the most specialized. What type of cell can these
specialized cells give rise to?

25. Assume that all of the cells shown above are from the same organism and have the same
genetic information. How do the cells differentiate into cells with different functions?

96 Chapter Test A Assessment Book

McDougal Littell Biology