0% found this document useful (0 votes)
137 views93 pages

1 Iupac+and+isomerism

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
137 views93 pages

1 Iupac+and+isomerism

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 93
roel C2 1=6 + 18728? 2p? if (na) 100% covalent bonds arqante chemistry ) (Bonding 99 oank mole cwes) Cynorerde my one7 G:O°C —9 28? ap? (chest Yorn tonding nr GS @ apo ony organic rolecule ) €-6-c 3 29! op s Wom” +e smavimum covalency oF carbon - + = pi covalent bondé around carbon ar ‘e~ bonds only | @ that carboo % Clled satuvatecl carbon Atleast 1 bond around carbon 45 pesent that carbon to called unsaturated carbon > yb 2 oP op 5p? 5p? sp? Cer _ WH T bond » MC — CH=CH-CH2-cH =CH-'c=geH 4 lone par To & Yesonane Sp? [4 1-0) — 40-4 07 > saturated ¢arbor SP CBHOs 1 HOM 3041 + P (2 tFO, 2IPAC) > 204217 Yeunsatwraled carbon, « > oreaturated oe 3p 1o Hom resonante, P'ortol tals should he Povatlel lex Sa kone pair ge tnyoled 4p sescnane , thal tone patr 4 1 Should rot be, contidered » hybrid orbital a ah tp : A~ the =CH-CHs me=tin wenta—cn och HI 4 ae eid ccs He S op Et a ¥.92Q2 ne ~ Radical shouldnt be considered i 08 bybMId OmbKtas —- eas yy Money ow Vo be br We , a ls — ope S empty orbital 15 not consialered al 'Hybrid ‘obras Fralcwate the eatio ealeuoton ct tHybiid orbitals aod unbybids orbrtalt w Cta-cH=cH- CHa Cech ID we Hott vive vouyg * as 2 SP 6p? SP SO spy #) “G2 nook wool oe. sbaod 4 wre 2 @ wr’ oP c 2 6 Pe > at fans ie 42039 uy WO: OHO istiut Quyoy ARepresentahor at omank molest \ 2 Bi ot4 ace ® 2 ) Chg -CH= CHHtHs ~C=CH . Caton, wepresentation) 2 Ps (Kine aepoesentarhony 0 F Types ot carbons and hydrogens H 1 Se => 4H ¥ ae galls aan woe-d-H eee 1 ot carbon, 2A coll Spear’ ate ue Trotek? 7 carbon eres “orto See - cet 0 838.) aS 5, at oH etn ADL ne 2 'Ssg0 cas Cs, CHa 7 A) Se ie gag" (—> Attached uth vee carbon) 2 — pitached ustth tuo carbon, 8°—> atloched with three carbon 4° —> attached with tour «arbor pidentiKcation of tunctionad qroup % arganic molecules —y REACHING part at molecule % called functional group ares — ) AL — pikane pamany {ene z sup ha, oe » 4% — plkene 10) feserdenyde 97% > alkyne We, alte -5 ketone bes W) eS — acytlo slkane 12) —Fonscarborulic act e 7 - ste) e » ©, >, Cudo Alkerne 1) —¢-0-R> Eater Q ; «Cd > eyo alkyne vy op-£ 8 9 #1KY! carbonate : P43 ‘ ~ ~b-0-€ > pnbydvick 9 RS AIKY! halides Pare He ® R-oH ~ Alcohal. ~ pitta Pay bari Pane 2° emide D R-O-R > Ether (peP>e) IP = nN me ne Cayelte te) —¢ “Ro > 2 preficle oP ck EXDer = tepory) 14) Lx —2Actcl babicke a oy > cyclic Eeter > cuactone?? on bee ydlic eraside > ractum 20 cot 3 > aydite acetal 2 1 Bcetas aon —» Hemi a .f 5 oR -scyeltc Kerit acetal 16) —E-NHy —? 1? Armfcle me Leobe —> acetal oW : 1 f CFE > waite hernigetal ane feat 3 her? ketay Crt cl it a € > Cuclte ket é Ca a e R-C-OR > Ket ane " 3a R-NEN — prazorSurn salt i t+ aftorq . 9/8 © anita“ > Parmine BY pn, sentde TR-=Nenl “NH - ° e an R-NH-2 2° arnt 0 sent => hptlracls 26) RAB > seardioe 129 Rnte Teo qyarstcles! e . 5 RCN cynato es Po - Cieaorea Ne 38) R-NCO- feo cynatu 39) R-5H STHoles N e > nitro akkan Rol ree S YP penis > thie qnako 32) R-MO-> Htty 60 alkane 4) RONCE > 160 to cyato =o > alkyl ntttte v Cha. te > Sulphoric aad Sirona (ULEIM uw — Pw 2 5F0 earbony kpegree of uncahwakon (ou. (or) pouble bond equivallerse CoB E> rosie ol bycroqey way te CY (BHO) ci Deqvee of unsahwakod = (cay (MIN ) I DBE = 2 bydragen aeticienay 7 ee : og b Hie.Coto ayy eget EB ; A) ~ poloecituo =) Ceormpound paving 47 ronda! 109) Bee = 2 (2t,bond, 2 Rings, Unaantog) = 3 (ambond, 31nd, any 1 1ing, any 21iNngs) PaGlemats oleae | Ceth =4 2 , R is eo OBE faa Dechy" ipBe =M9-=($) = aad — _) "0% - 8, og, + PRE = avinges tn r Pa =10 *OOPAC peoenctaturet a Tne hand | Penge. taht hors) he POPP c rule: preltn Prot Ord + Subtea a cruprenameg’ p=) t 1 a format) Osnanible " ry 2° 4~ Via eubetitu. cyclo, + oH ~ents Brcuclo es cane) (other than yne Yoo «eare!) él sdossiticator_o OF organic molecules Sopanvoned * conjugation - &, only one lane patr Baile bod, lone paly &'¢ POE, oo orqavsic compounds Duo tet RUganON wiry, ee Se ae open dadinjacyctic cycre ai ul ae Kt i mae oe aq saturated oneaturated (ning coberpocyclic He tesocydlic wa boods Crtleast 2 tond) | with) (Rng toed es Reet ae tr ga atreyetc promake., Pete atom etrer tron 3 Planar ving *- aromatic. § > (unrapn clectons aula be Ww conquation (2m, 6M NUT IeN- ==) “> THE +Tevahydve burone teterocyclic (> > purole ? ¥ - a> oO a ¥quppe porsenculate- | Leen eas ; “root wordfvo rd Boot : COMeth —~ e,—>apent cq NON Gig > Hfichec Go TRacare C23 th Ge > HEX Cio dec “iy Stetadel Cao >Tetvacant C3 PSOP cy Hep Gitindec Qe >pentadec Cap pertacant Coa Bae cgock, Ga 2 DOdec \Go> €tcos spelt "yeh at afeingufich betuveen cyclic and acyclie cornpound for cycle compound ; P pre tin —9 cyclo, 2 ! Tor eryelic cormpouncl, pretic BFcyclo Lpwhas certain tuncticie groups ave not taken ous ‘seconccny uk pretoe UFR, WOW they are treated out“ Letondany prehit ni They ave upyitten aceorcting Alphabetical oicley PMO tha one Pometines ave these { ~ Secondary wapretn M¢eltcates substituents 1 rpolktuliea * % Dut ha euth asandicates qiven cormpound te aryt] Rule-\ Kongest chafn rule delect the tongest continuous ‘hala ot carbon atoms, thre % alled parent chain. tt a molecule having More than one jong chain s More substituted tong cnain % consilered ad parent chain : oe cas cH- cH chia ~cHa en} @ abeinens - : : hg Cia CHa, CH -cH-ICH-c H-cHa— Hy “ele (Oe setae C Ma| Ha-Ha ) Oe » iy ‘ oe n cH, 7 CH ete y : f : len erie CHS cs | nj ; os 1 dis) Bulle 2t nurobering qiven actorcling to lowest foccaternule 1e Substituants raving toupost 20- Gia ots © 9 ctg-C Gta GL Cha is 1 Fey 2 actives, aoe fyae Ctl as | D lig CHOC HEH Cua “CH - EH. CH) @CHa. , ‘6 tiga cha 5 Tense roa or B ch h o i aine k ee 9 cts = gH Fcinie CHs eve localant rule al locatant sum ary carne 2 by 1 50,0 tpalphabekcal order eo eee ee snoring | ob compley oe cue -e Cia -eW> ba fein cH eu] (6- Co peru, PrOpUh 3 ' 9 cHa- cH ay ci 1 yeha-erseehace ANS Bevo (a, 2-aitrnettoy| -6-co'rmetloyl propyl) beranne | es cpa}? fe n 9) cic Ii (fs CHy-CH2 -Ch b= cits, —CH6, ' Bre 2 4 a8 1 | 2 f pp ara 4 At OCHS, : ametty> 2- OFS — Ci mretny! ging) Hexane an pe (tp farg | » Ue Ch -¢ As Cis fe "9 5 1 ¥e: 5 | ctige cts -cha th tly ne Pha =a ~ ch “Ms ‘i ch Cis He ie - Hy 2 Wee f d CHa, amethy) — 5, So bfs - Ci methy) propyl) decane ¥ quppe nornenceulature of wycloalkanes + add (° pret cyclo. before root worcl snlurnberting according to \euest tocatant ale 7M dosed cho8> and open chain are present, parent chain te decided by nor oh ambons = ty s-mpethys «yclo propane 1S +- ety) cyclopropane f>™ 1- propul cyclopropane ‘cyclo propyl: Bulane eee 1 Th open chatng : aa having more no: of canbons compared +0 | ae CHOI, cycle Gratin fo tweated as subetttuennt oa) (Giese > Tt two ings '- Yeo butyle pentane a MNP Connected by atleast one carbon open chain *© Parent chain a> Dome] a J He rdteyclopsopy methane. 1,2 aifeycloptopyl thane afl, t-cyclo butyl -2cyclopropy! Emane | anaes oy \,ba-tfinethy! cyclopentane e i = : f aS U-etby!, 2-MetbayL, t= propUl cyclo heexane Cs, cH-cHg—c3 HP gb CL metbul propyl) cyclo balane me er) > (goould be at gnc} 1- sec butyl tycla butane "|! A oh : # 1807 pd a at — Hye Cla, 2 neo 3 E> ele S150 —r0py) (secondary pal -¢-cH3 ts a a SUP eH acount > insa’ ¥ core Fnportant substituents! 9 ett, ret ety sw chor tesa! oF (metinane> rretby) ' . ‘ 2) CHa Chly care Cth~C Hy, ethane ethy) rn obp a ue ‘ ~ CHa CHacH3 (prep 39 Hach -CH3 oe «a ee { —cl—cls (leo propyl), ¢2™ propyl) 4 Ms-cha-c, ga butyl) qt -CH-CHa-CHy cts ec- buy! 7 Hac — CH -0-—150 bulane ee Hu. Gls c ) se -cHy-cH—eH3 Isobaty) cH3— CH - CH ctl . : -c CH, — neobutyl f s®buty) \ cH s 6 al a x Mee=Cth >? Ce = CHE e 2 vinyl ( wy H2C HCH - Cts, sae [cHg=cH tt} ely! . douse 5 OY epbeoulaoyl) ae cniglonin 3000 age 4 iG Brae Dy" , Benazy! — Benzal Benno q) RH 5 wk “A atkyh ¥ qupAc NomMencalature Jor unsaturated hydro carbons'- tuphe nomence’ a pi sue js, ) hengest chat rule + unstay Uneaturation Included longest chofin consider na ¥ ON ® warnbeting = lowest nurbeiing for unsaturahay’ alter that subsht -uent- : Gb. leiteadear ILA AS ) Lowest locantant @ tum rule followoled » 2 Houble andl > aliene 2 cloutke bond ~ tiene > a) double bord @ triple bond ane at Orne locantant gtue priozity dourle bod, 949) double al tiple bond ave not At Game location follow lowest tocarta areule our POMINg given ky. ene followed - Hy Tyne. Br ZQAZC Hen-t-ene-5-qne 2 a YF Hen - #enedt-yne PAZ | brimetbyl berene < a7 aLpethY] 2 ect-3-ene . 7 s 2 - a Prfority orders. Py * > H ‘Dalcolools cerpbmbsts [6 Zo Pihilitecain sesme he ProbE ne Hyd romp « AlkaNol >General \opAc ‘ot oho gna a Zect eth out iq oes — elcaente not alone re hoki tutions Y Longest chain must ai Ips Tpsase group be Ynclude alcohol group ; > ol. grOUp Ino Teawt umibetiag Lp ee 5g a only | ty CHa CHACH CH = CHAO 4. tut pentang| CHetld 3, — ou : 2 ) 5 by Ctig—cH- CHAS tured : oF 3) eabencar a 3 BIOM opropanod re a rs : 8? edeceigecha- Ha CHa, 4-chlorosa butanol oH & a 2 ' 5 ctiz-ae Gi cA lly CHa, ow 6) Gr 3- methy!ycyc lo hevano! Note a propyl - a heptano) ® yA ow props ane + 43 dio} 454- dirnetys- 2-pentanol q | Ao 1,2 propane dia} - gs y 4 at ae rAA/ 4-butane dio! oH sommes Amportant caromon nore of alcohol 2 ») Methy) alcohol > cHg0H 2) SY! alcohols Ca His OH 3 M propy! altoho! + betes 4) 26prOpyl Alcohol > ecth-CH —on1 5) O- buty) aliohol > crise Ha CHaC HH ON Ts0 butyl alcona ts 9 > ty Ch1-cti2 oH ah yo buy alcoho) + cis bb v4 a2 buty) alcohol er) neo buy! uy alcohol As > Ivqerqoo? -€ Glytol > cha-cts. ay ob ‘ sci i pENg? oy Glycerol Cp = = oh cis cr ea Fwifte PopAC Hares or following alcohols » 2 on = i “ es 4 5- bromo spent -2-a) ~ 280 { SS * on Way 8 OH - o WAX 4-metby!-2-Herano! e\AK* HMaxatasadlers -I-pe 4 f 3 ¢ ” ov . 2S = thy! - 3-Herarol DAY & } oH or 4) 7 = 34 fe VAC 4-matby)- 3-Herano} wr 2-U bron ethyl!) ~ 4-methy| Te € 2 % VSS prop-2-en - 4r0l w A ott s @ *\- s ah a o-rme’ en 'q-dlien — 2, \ oop HERS H AS ARNS BOG LOI be out 3.0- hudrony Ethyl) ' > Ppethenyl = W4- pon far pent ~4-en-20} ' ih Gtioees Aloha! more priority thay ether R-O-R General Tupac name -> pkonyé Alkane tessno: Tore nor oF c ob te Gr Chy-0-€4 Methony. methane [istry _'> Tue bond) Gives Cy - O-CH2C Hy» methony ehane Be RRM ts vem 5 "obs Cetnyimethy) ther) oe Hac 0 -CH~ Hs — 2-metbory propane (soppy! methyl \Ctber) CUCIfe Gtoers: > 12-64 P49 Spam Y PrOPOIAo| ey 12-€pory thane Corfrane) wah, 13 Epony =1'- Metboxy propane Oct on \ 2-methory - 3-methy) onyrane fois On, 2 OCH Acts ' _ ne epoay ‘poopanal wn 4 & _ 3 295@npoMy \ 2-HYdrony - 3-Mmethyl oxryrane Pros 7 v 1 414 cRrnettyl. | 2-pentalool } "Cyr onetano * CQ furone CO - pyrene! >) (y3>Gpony propane) a Spony ay a ~ 9-@thyl- 33- clirnethyt vonetane HD ekeedys pret = swny)/on0 Gg i ' e-L-H SéGeneras wpe Name _ Akanal — aldehyde are chain terminal tunctonal groups > Aldehydes alizayys Po qive 1 nurberioc f actu = Methana) ( Formaldehyde) cron > ¢thanalCAcetalclehyde) 2 i ay #36 “cH $ “H ~ a-Brome propa.nal T Gr tts 4 2 H 5 > 7 ee ~ Hl cen ‘er + aA > penterral “17. 3 2 i b . @ a cis—CH Ha —g-4 @-chlovo bulanal —» 4 BYOMO-3-methy} oe et nentarsal NYO count ay _ Clix cl mtls-P-H °-Sermeths!| buinat’ iia 5g 4 eines ot heey Cudo hexane carbaldehy, 6 NAA Henane-1,6- ota Ce q ee ah Pb. Propane - 1 er cho tie Hite ne vf 1 aldehyde carbon te fot Tadd Movolved no Nunnberfag We oo eatin covbaldebycle aig | gyepose + Profin—s on0 p-C-R > @cnerey lUpBC Name > AIkdnoNEe 0 sachs _? 2Propanone Cdirnetry) Ketone) Gs go CMs Waves en (3- CHE CH cy —5''2, a-dtewethy |- 3- pentanone ’ 2 4 46 a “ Mi) bio stagwing > foy-* pours ita — 4 plenyl-1-prmpanone fot a eat — cyclo pent-2-e0-4-one | cS (ty cab — butane -— 292-dlione 1 2 opti + phersy!-but- 3-en-2-afe =Ceynno maldehydle) a+ rnethyl 74 Petbyl bens 5 en ab 9 vu CG 2 en - fore pe, = See dathyl- 32 realty | hew ~ trematee 4s PX 3+ Bromo -s-mety| dy . ~Hinretny) ~ vd pr cttanahe 4- BOM O-Mptony) RAs ) SOY ty6 - armetny) ct 20 a $ ‘So ee BY-EN + 213 -aiinethyl-4 ety! = hea-5-yne-ah at ss a) 6 2-teotuty ty UNG mae meth) -herangine + Le 2u-dimethy hen: 5 ened) So ae 3 NN co AN ees er metinandic add Crormnic add) ¢ Surlahy 8 cool! 5 joo ine \ ea) cool pete -Ol 8 Cthanok ad CAceticadd) ia: Ch a OF > Prgarodic adil Cpropinoie add) A) Cfirst patty acid) (Obtabyied by protespion) Chy-Chh- Cry—€ Yon 9 Butanot acid (eullisi-acidy Dg aH t (butyric acta) Cobtaticed om bute) cg = <1 g CHa-c Hy ~ ~Gb-Cy- Eo > pentanotc actd (valerie acid) lobtettined jy vatert plant ) e - u CN3-CHa— CHa CHa-Ca~ €-OW aHexannote acicl (eaprolic acid) oO ee ctl CH~¢-on = prop-2-ene -cicacid caciylic acid) ° tw q A fo ie arpethory butandic adc ~ ele 4-prethony bularo® atid (oysiernatic name) G vlarbe carbonytic acta acid ay f0oH \ we OH — OOH G 3H a ncneey - Cordlic) cdot Caluteric) (Guberic) oF 4 4 ool Aa creer A cool . * evalonicy i anttactipie 3 COM innelatcy 7» Kt Cf S cool ol e 4 (ouccinie) ——eptanahes Gebacte’) Ss feinng OO" cry ron 4 cool Ue ~ coott c (ae); Grelic y P \tooh + cooW tH )5 S coou + So. ? i spiopane— 11213 “aT carbongitc acid ‘ dic KH ae cess propane 2 malic acid ~ {CoH + 9 -bydrory. butane dioic acid rien als grkaerent ® tartaric actd +, Ave + 2,39 dtbydrory- b 4 - butane Aide acic 2s Ht \ ) a, iH Matic adi 3276 P a erp - 1) 4 ~dlolcacid u u7§~ ok _D furparic acid 4.2-c0oH ; — 5 but- 2-ene - 14, -Roic acich coolS~ ‘ \» aormetbyl= Sy Sei eeee, I~» 2 Trettiyl- 3 Gthy| -pert- 4 ic Oc ; io o a” SO UNE + OF agi Dy. WA 27 ethys-4- atoein why pee Hept ~ 6 -erolcodd Bure propy)= 2m Y>0 wll ot he pranoic acict 6) (tig 2° Mathyg-5- a Ceyclepent - ° Oyo" Deetay)—2- bw mo- oi ae Pentondtc acd ‘ er as nani adh digny! XCoters — (erkory conbonyl —pretn) , hop Syrodiestg | |“ =ago: : a} SAlky! alkanoate ; “ butyl 3 - be i w—t-dery Metbyl Methanoate ° orl — ul éthaneate UNS = Smethy) uty ¢thanoate xl (Iso perty! acetate) Cin bananas) aye — 2 Meth! propyly-propARCGKE (80 butyl prophnocde ) SAMA > 'g-rnetby! butyl pentcinoade Ocoperty) valerate) Cin apple jurce, | ub ° ‘ c » New Metpyl Gthononte” BY YO OY Sh methy! "C364. ateblow-2~ Gag ° mney] - octanale ) 2) 27 FE methyk- Co methyl wo pentanoak) ey : Br : OT 256 -dimmethyly oct-7 ZINN bar = enoctte mrethy\- (2- ethyl * 8 5 © 3-brome a vyo | sentonadue) oe ety 1-2 - etry) S~ ba 4) é beronoaty Bad 0 Rrettyl-(2- ei >. ; bulanoade) eS ehy)- (2 -metby-§ cyc) ohudy! - octanahy) MAD PIAS prohy- Meorbarnct| e Ht, mettarnicle ee sciy 3 we-mnetty! Dethaart de wetewt ~CHoCH, —+N ethyl methanarside 9 j H--N 743, 3 nigh dimetby| methananide CHa, g 7 cig ND a-eaeibyl, U-mettyl ethanarvide ~cha 9 ? ero — cyclopertane caroynrnide > Specad 2ayhin C= wH-chn-ch, CG as N- ety! cyclo perinerane canboxyarnicle ° f Cha =C-NH -Ci CH or ape, Sulal tue ethyl - 2-(gdlo ber ethanarriide, NH-CHo-CHly, > w-gthyl 4- Cabandy |) Cyclo hexane Carboy ~lic act 5 neG-ono-0- cyclo ewy! ethyl Anning / ¢Hoanok acid ity fly 5 : bare, EE Ds wii, (N= Tsopropy! ¢thanamide ae, ord >a ‘ { & 6) \ 9A, 7 heptanamide 4 ». er ch, iA Bromo -HCIO10 hex Yio nami de 1 AL Bu 3-enamble x b . 2.-cyho propanaride ALAC 4-cycldbutyl-6-retbYl s9et~Tenareide : mn), ee (chain termtinal) (prefin — acetyl ony), ° f eccie-t ko elt. t apbydvi de e ¢ General TUpBc Names plkanote anhydride u a aes Cae CH la > Ethanote meihancic anhydride one methandic et 1 Wieee ee % dfroetoanoic anhychide yA, => ethanoic propanoic anhydride ao AP =, piece ethanoic anbydhicle ° ° Dlg, oaibeciaary tae vs NE 2 deh 88(2/4-ebrorno ben zoicanbudride 5) ei . ; AoA ARI AAH ~ bi8 (6 ~pnsine hexanont) arnudtide PEG Die ° 0 y _ 'B4brOrnO y %& butanoic he ptanotc , pentant ; ethanotc arhytride ° anhydride ¢ oy” ? 2 born -¢thanoic 2 Fe 2-chiore propandic a Bh an hydride Fx) cyantcles [Witridest profi, cyano (C200t count Geneval lwpac Harve» alkane Nile Chalo terrsingl) (R-c=n ) 2 UN 2 2-Poethy) pentane oA “= propane viitrile x Th oe M NOs > aroetbylburome ctl In nitile ae ; he cg heen eco OO ah = 2-pTOPY! pentane Nfnile N v ! yoy x 26 dimethyl, hexane airnile chy 7 2-Ciemetbyleydobuty!) ethane nftiile tT x) prin (prey —ansino) 0 R-NH2 — alkgtnine R-NHa—e' > N-alKYl alkanamine Rt RN on > NAIK], N-alkYt akoaikanamnine 2 Chis Nth Methdntne 7 tHy-CHa- N42 > @thanarsine ? 1 — (Hac Hac NH ppanamine a 2 Oba eH CHa gy ohhh: — CHg- ctkay —4 9-propanansine Mage 9 cg 4X ye rmetbyl-9- o* © win-dirnethl B) eIOpananiine = >—~4 eyclo perkanamir @ AY Nth Hy “ND NN-dfendby)~ 6 o chy 42% dimethyl! a eatne buranamine 8 eus-toe YAS paces, e g Mttetoyl- 3-chioro @ Ne noetnyt Aniline 6 buwanarine th NH 8 Cbyl-a-melty) © @ 4-nito aniline 3- hexanamine wee @ & \n7 aA Nit die roe wth 8 2- pentanarmine So 3-Mmetby! aniline Lap oe, Sy ! 1 propyl -2-¢thyl- sf cyclo hexana mine H penos > Witio alkane # R-ONO > AIKY) NihTde v TOPAC normenculatue of compound contaiirfing poly functional rey 3 Nol ¥ Top Ind containing more tan ode Functional group hist Fdentity ‘TE compout S aYOr functional group based oD ft prowiy and FEMAISINg mm functional groups ave heated os substituents — % * evloty et a ne tora) Formula rorsstlly — Carbonytic actdan Ff 5H pKeBonte aed re 3 — onbudride ; | g epitie og | —C-oR SIKU) BIKADOAtE parent Cok we) —@ ok elkanoy! ony Hy ee yA AM eee, 6 Wo OFY hexarot < ax cQgedte parent Ce) eikRY conbonyy @ oak s aa ECO ee 8-metbory (arbony} BerADIC age} 5) Acid halrde ® t betel erence et cYyantde Aldehycle } HD penos 2 Nitto alkane ¥ R-OND > AIKY) nitride AIPAC noraenclatue of compound contairing POW functioned rey, TE compound ontaising mor than’ one Hunttional group tirst dently she major fuNdional growp based on tt priosrty and yMnaining functional group ave brated os cubetituents \ Frio or frno Functional group Foruwa OY carborylic ihe oy, acicl ° 2 Zxlphonsic acid o-f-ot » Corbonylic acidan _F i Lo. -budride | Cotese LP ee: - aver ous ong} S) Acid balrde "ay © acted arnide le x cyanide ce © % pidehycle bu Fowresilty substituent anne name Bikanorcaad carboxy Alkane sulphonic = 4u[plo acid BlKanonic acid _ onbudricle Quel. 8IKY) BlKaDOate — pqient cos ee) of elkaroy| ony wa YO a-cignoy! Oy heranot< Aid Siege Cf) eikemy conoony) ° S-nnetbo ry (aibooy) Berar ace Bgeramyy carbo hal Biocrboady ¢ conbony| d ‘YANO forrnyl/aldoloxo 24 4 3- Forny! peniamnie 1 0 cic! l a oO 0 Ne a ay cQuedhe of Alkanoly haitde Bikanamide Alkane nfhile alkanol ono Furctonal Formula. o Ketone toy 0) aleohot ho prot uw” thiols ou wav yw arrenes, a itn iD) BIKES {plkeynes “ ethers e-o-P © ths- - ig Ew + 5-010 to, eee | SoHo pend | -nal Ls a-torrnyl benxote actal 52- ANNAINO -5-Bromo- I- arvily pare plkanone alkanol Alkane thiol alkanarsine picene plkyne 2-fewmyl benzene carbory ~\ = ke acicl Ol 4 3) 4-dtory butanotc act J _ chloro- 4 Mmetty| hencinol etlg- i chi-F 05 9, hydroxy butanolc ow add AMAL CHS _» Metty] -5-O'0 penton: © aa 3 @hy| -4-Formyl hen octte janoare. 4-020 Ow -f. x a, Is etla tp C OMS, > gu methyl 6 Pentonoate ome — 2-070 cydo heaane corbaldehyde @ Fy 2) ee 24 2-Acolo-4- -bromo 4s benzo Tbenxene “caro Or methyl fre f cout! substituent name oxo Keto hydhsoxy mer cap to / 4 Pe_f-Aceto- U-bromo phenyl) thane niintlo 6 Eh 200 — 2(3-cN0 propyl) tutla hexane carbowylic Gerd 4 F conditions To use Special secoockry tutti When carbon atone of carbon containing functional group ¥ not counted 19 parert chain(an root KAS) then ZPeciad Zecondeny “ulires cre Used lett “Ct - 0 @[tta = CHa - CHa A 1 aaah ~yop-nt che ch. cid, PrOPANe ~ W2/2-" car haldehyole : cooit O@ = cH =cH, - Ty) } (Ree) tesa, Cone, Coo4 (OOH butane 11,914, teba carbonic add) . @ CHO CHO — ydoheraine carbaldehyde G oe ~ benaalclehyde | on oH benxene carbaldehyk es eo @ cdo henarre carbowslic ail E) Cy ~s benzoic aid) ben zene carboylic ac] 16 Sek ae (2 — propane - 1,22 tt carbo nitay) cy ON oew LNoHe For vetoes, special sxondary suttizes axe not used Oerig-bo, Secu fh CH9-C ety C= cra Lacs + heptane -2, 4,6 -tone Ue lat aol tees Ont Ons. 4-cudlobeayl ethanone ° 6 ree (EFS os pera cthorone © Cr: =O cyclo beagtegiidene rmethanone Oo Fycon 2oW culo hexane oO = cachet carbo hile 6 mh Corbowytic acid S 6 i fe oc of cyclohexane Carbalhedy de o * @thyl-2-010- cyclo heraine - catbowkde ° 10 8 es 2-cno-cydlohery] eavbalclehydeo “Web fee © AS cay 9 s-rnetty! cyclo pentone oO > eqdoherone dy A eovoow mide ». -tdroaryt Ak PAC POMENUlatyr of arormalic carnpainde- OMMOD Tabetituted perxcnee > ) foulene - metry) benzene ) SYREN? — etheny! bename ca 9 CUMMeNe — 260 propyl benxene — PS woaree tor preparation oF pen!) > phenol sh phenol + - _ Ca gets » anisole - metnoay benzene 2 pAaline - Anpinobenaene Co 2 ado 1 Benzoic acid - =. - cio) J) Ber’aldenyde > - tol 1) Benr0 nttrte > cyNo benxene — Or favo. a S ose = ortho csitso enol 6 est Drea nitto pheno) on 6 1. = paranit phond) , ® 6 ees @ beers-ets, — ¢tby) benzene =I ~pheny)-pappanone (haytora " cet) pheny} retore) 1 prheny! methananiin & hae ul ‘OC roukne (osethy) bonxehe ) 6 (Hs-CHo-N Ha (oa Comaylerne 6) = 2-pheny! @thananine OOK Fantld-cliry ® ce ety) benxene 5 ° 8 — A-pheny)- ¢thanore tha? lS-climerbyl, bozene f (0-aylene > a meet tbendne) thy (m-aylene) Qe —+ ii-dipheny! mettanon ¢ > WU-alimetnyl benzene \tOmn70 Dhenmy ) CHa. (p—Allere) - 4 1 a @ x reethy) phen a oe ee Ge (eel “C7260! (Hy 7 CHy benzene A cto (mrestiylene) ac — 4-rethul oeno| — 4 pheny) methang} CHa cpara-cresdl) \ 4 ® 5 ~chise on © OH penxenc-12-Atol oO > phenyl ¢thano) d @atachol) @" ‘W-oH ® On — penzene -iiatol |, os) > A-pheny! ¢thavoi CResorsinol? @ a > Benzene -14-Afo] i @ S phenol . eet ots | Boch 8 i: — Methony benxe ne oO to > 2-Mmetby! geo) @ Cerniedle) (phenyl methy tortho -cxes0l) or beth athe @ a = phenomy benzene — Ghony benzene ie Caiphreny) etter) | g Comeny! ety} ethexy @ 91) >bydroay- berxaldehy | benxene carbaldehucle '0- salicaticlenyde) de aay (Benzalole hyde) oe pheny! efarot - , 8g — Btheny!-¢toang) ; wr ‘ | @ z le ot — “INO benaene @ oe Deen i COR OF rmrbane » NOL wort > 2446 arate 9 OJ > 4~ metby) bens anamine per ’ NOx ene cH, (p-tawtidene y Nba = anilinecbenvaminy & Qao Se eee Cm -tatid tne) & ors — 9-reetby) peaas @ s = Bennenecarbonstic aed feenz01c acid) (o-| talid We @ om 3 a-roetby) benzo @ Gets »-hychony benzotc acid is - ol @ Ho craw Coed @ coor to- ARG ne ceed) > Bergerne-y2-dt conte Benxene- 1/2 di Bo carborylic acid ° i eae an _ aie 160, ic oer He acid) ® pgm ayant) 6 > Benzoyl chiowde! benxene-1,4- di carbonylic acid — a hi ede thiatne part) chlo toon He 6 — Benzamide GD SOM 5s Methy] Barxancae \ f tBenzahe carbory? *nidey ° (methyl benzene carboryt eo tb ; -e-clg, -alty a — t-phery Stharcak gy aE phen ll ehacnid Pia cts cobenyt Acetate) q P| 6 a + N-tbyt benxanami’ ©. jw Benzole anhydude posit SOsH 8 ©) Benzene sul = we-benzene - 113- = phone @® Ww3-benzene - 1 acich Oheesh Ar Supp banic acid oo. — amethy! ~benaene @ So — Benxene nfbile 6 Msc Sulphonic acid i ) + a. phenys Gi @ phenyl reocyanide/ weit ritile pheny! carhangtine 8 Q. — A-riitrobenxotc acid eg” 5 2anmrs ploetol cont e i. atido-2ervetryl phenol @ Qe. > 3-Bromo- 4-Hydom benzoic actd. °S. or eng bud roay- -srvetnony @ 5 YS wihole- aeroetyy) be benzaldehyde “Ci, ey on ao 8 Qa 5 3)4-lirmetiny! @ on? By a @tbyl -gmettyy! on oheny) «al bexzene aretne chy, & ee 4 2-BroMO ~ 4- chloro e § Sig 2 28-abet -phenc toulene 6 Bhan 2.Gthyl- 3-methy! one 2,4,6bAnttro a aniline toulene bay puty) benzene @ a — thy) benxoate “68 ia gn oy = A-plheny) ethene @ 6 oy” = phenyl e€hyle ogtt -» 4-phenylpent-l-ene oO Cor“ = A-phenyl -batype © sono -kenacic acid & e-ets-ntk amine L R-cHe NH — Oring # TUPAC Donpencalature ot Byte connpourds'- *Bicyclo, Fl Oe bridged Oe wa puro Bridged bicytlo:- Bridge ead gD q Bridge head s—§ — Bleyclo [212117 heptane 4 3 > Bieyclo 3,201] octane | = ay = camphor eae 5 “AS wide Crt] oct-e-o0 HT HAMetHY! Ateycto f2Ai) 2-heptanone ch — efcyclo [212,2]- oct-2-ene “p00 —> Bicyclo~ [2,211] - heptanercarberalic acta it ea 3 — Birydo- [3,212] - 4- hydroay -¢-010 -nonare-6- oe 9 co} re "i coolt carborylic acidl ° fay & TEP SyapBteyclo [212,0]- @=220 - hexane - 2 carbaldernyde % tle ote n-anfino-6bronto - = hydro'ny - bicyclo [2,2,0]- 9 -hexcinore oe | 0 ol a8 | ea 1 brorpogtby) - Hhydrory ~ bryelo Pa ,24r1 = heotatie & 3 carbonylie uicl- vegor- s PP vewtro [213] hexane 6 ena et ~ Sptrol 4,8]-dec- lene } a4 7 * —s r-hydtony- spfro [3,47-Oct-5-en -1-one sO teyclooutyl s-cyelo poopy! methane > an — s-cydobuty! cyclo pentane 4 & Chy CH eens = leo eect actane B31 chs chy (212,4-timetoy] pentane , Peomerts m | 2 COMPOUND having i Survie CHa-C HOH ce as eteO. pv =13)-$ CHa O-CHg =o ' Asormerisre @ond connectivi } Hever tame sructuial feomerism tteseo feormesiome PAD Kee axed on ¢< bond |vorairion —_ Positional (p> tw) ey FunctioncdF> contormmatonal coniqurational Meta Merisrnim) : riagng chat cry Geornetiical epticad. tautamneriohp cb totus. RTF Mop ‘chain feormerlem (Root Word! differen!) avolecule having carne molecwar forma and sare molecujar weignt ub ditesent In c-< SkeletoN wr) c-¢ choin tinkago Qn molecule. seaically teo chain Keorners have alwaye dierent fn pxinciple carbon thon fae maetioane (14) —> CHy ethane Cee) — CHa-ctly Propane ee — cHy-cHe-cy . utane (cutie) cy, eu c : 25 CHa-cHa-¢Ha-cHy , erases, ae (410) cnee ' (1) pentane Ccgtis) Cy | Heptane Ceytig) 39 Octan® (cetiey — 96, ponane (qH2o > 35 DENS Coty, 15 HOLO many MnirUm No A carbons -«qui7ed 7 KONE to ebay Show chain Scores? ole In alkane, M0: of '! +44 Irn alkene , 0: oF *¢! 4g lo alkyne, no- OP "3 c=% -2-2-€ (ig) cac-d-c For Akoho\l —yag=eee c OH For Aldehyde (4) , aa a bcm vo wed Dpoettional tcormerem+ _jemolecule having same molecular tormoula ,eamme rnolecular WweMght but difter fro the postion ob any atom wer any group (On Fv 4m multiple Conds For posttronal tearsevicm, root word ep ‘Skeleton murmber should be sarne 10 bow positional ‘ecrnedsrs Miimum no: cb carbons tor alkane -s 6 mienfmum no- oP % for Alkene—3 4 4 Mine no oF lor — + Alkyne > 4 Mato: number & atoms to A\cohol > >) saoyang | mfp 0: oF ¢’ atorns tor Aldehyde 35 [ore C=e-enw one {EL | SAF na x a oO M —+ 3 (positional scorers) ' i & YMM —5 6 6 XMM 3 6) x 10 7 SF Coty Ped Brno 2 3 * caitte rent " ay ar" ety re avoups) or oh “ “ wetniy 4 " ayy ‘ Fiesyt ere ro ol oi 4 ' Os ern ole wf tr te-qdentty the chain wn positional comers? 23 23 c-c-e-cd ae positional 24 ie Serer ran cain d - i v cee. don GOH chon c ; 43.2 y (-t-eb-0n e-e-F 0k positional ' ia gare Od nes ata v Heese Eeee-e — PeANeNAl chatty [c-c-E-2% ct eb oct or ae Hous " ve fe ot al ch 2 Oi Oe e Positioned a Q heparan ¢-¢-C-coolt positionad 1 at ar ‘nor oF ditteront alkyl QrOUPS (including chate a position) ¢- a Cy -cHy =O G cHathy -ctertth =@ 4 9 CHaCHa-CHy = cHs-etb-cH, — (O-P7YID ~ ely —CH~CHlg C70 propy 1) 4 cH3.CHactls Cte G 13 athe: (butyl) > Ps CH3~ ea ~crls, (2° buy!) @ CH — CH ~c Hy aes CHy—CH eta (feo buy!) S By S18) | te? N- pentane etbycly-cH-ehy-crtg ficiaciiec tact cli: ¢ J ctarcits -cita-ctt cH 5 t Ly i CHa-cHy “CH -CHa Ctl Hl eo) aH inctls Oe Ws 5 sat ae Lab ae Cel Total = © i § Hy, CH= C= city CN Mee -C-CHy ineoy | by chy CHa CH =e - C5 LV Ha 12. 1 etig- CH -CH2- CH2- Hace —Ch, = i chy 7 63a - EHOW mart) aitesent structural tcomeric alolols and etirers Are possidle Por cotha® 208 GttnOH perky! Ethers Hc -O-CyHg eRe, § rotee - (radrci HaC-CHla-O-c aH, > ® ® ® csthiaN > Total Nor oF Parrines= 2 Porsines = 6 Paves = 3 alcolcls =e “OI egtty NH => Paranes =< © Olac- NH ~CyHg® > eur 4 Hoc- CHa- NH cH, 1x ® ® Ho@> Hoc N= Colty 3 nt02 =2 © ® &k-w-ck I Ie © 2 How Many aldehydes d Ketone possible tor (gto Cacluding stexe9) (Ho Nor aldehydes = 4- ° ° Cally OH ? pee ? REHOME CHC Coty Calg CHC - C#fy-ct, Tohabketones = ae { 04 dada Teomertern + (atlecul4 00) paeule ROVING came molecular Jorrnula @ came molecular twelght gh dle™ 59 sense ot open chein and Hing form also then may be fe OMETS having litferent no-ck alms _conssitubg 99 wo, aw fo own by plkene @ cyclo alkane Gls ae (el Za HeC =CH-CHa-cila, o © ® O16 > ving chain , 0.8 = ¥1Nq chain de O.@ = ing chain GH = (eal (= o 4 piety ore @ OO y na OOL2"° ® 6 8? — ®®4sposHton functional tsormenis rm empound having same molecular formula and same molecular weigh ta ditley > Functional group present ase called functional tsonmess y, en Alcohol ae ether, HOnHeO 7? CHC -cHe-oH pric egcage' : ° come facto, wep agen (pu=1) KES ere.o! [fee Een 7 Ene 1 ete, HaC= CH-CHa-OM L899, Eyclic alechol thc =cn-o-cH cuclic Gey oy * TAS TP AX carberylic acta}, rydrory covbonu! > pcomyrcabbong dl ® CaHand, Sete 4 Alkoay ccrrbony) é (pus) eres diol / 1 ene-+ dfankcny eneroty Blkoay 08, erro) : Ying? dialkoay ods prkoay. Obi Goty IKOAYs Coy” t CrtleOo g. & CHy-¢ Hy - CoH CHa 8 - OCatty ° Cte ety ~ Eon rte -eH1y-Oetly — wg cH = Ge CH ou rs) Alcohols 4 phenols <1 gt ioe pb ery) radu meingnd phen! © witio-nitito RNO.- RONO © cyno-%o cyno RCN REN. ® ovine, oftres ER —eH en @ ertover degree of amines (f, 2%, 2° @ ditfosent decree of annides (19 2%) 3 @ whioles anc) thio ethers | DMetamerferne:- | arrmpounde boving “are molecilar lorrmula , carne molectar (wert but aliPResent 1) arraqne rent ob alky groups arcuind the polyvalent ator ry polyvalent group ae called metamers , geramers Having ditleent alky qrouptngs around polyvalent atorte oplualers Qroup monovalent atyrns + qporo wolent_grouP ou Ze Y@ seein pow metamess — - of Sey Bon | doesnt shaw qtvalent atoms ShOW metame ism -NEC ‘ oly valentqroup eae Be Oro — Heams28 tomers Phe. al 4a Gt FEN rrotarmeye & 4 62 ve t -p- Bry: + fb or telky| sulpbonate®) OCH J HCH 2) ie aby 7 th { hc 4 Gormeia mers V1 tec~ cay S— OCHS P| iG fe hws 6 <7 ) Ca ° » ct a at ~ ey, RoC -de, > rmsiamess: oO ? i 9 eet es 3) Gando dog, non rtiomere metamers I CHa) O€ cry CHa cls, » Hg O 4 posthonal @ metamers CHS) o-cH cH ch, ~~ tHa~cH2 —o-clH2cHs J 6) P g (Hye OCHaCHe , CHyctts+C-Octs =3 Mmetamers 7 for matamedtion stenp shouldatt 62 tyncti 1 ae oa Met 9 farmers . SLED cet oy OE Ce) haves e & an Verto itommes a “on tof tty wa oO | rortarnes BvD 4 OLY OF Gachother ¥ Representation of orqante noolecudes 9 ngsh-wedge wepresertatons G Sp? carbon hg york) = MON. cwoe® HN on OcHa-cHy Hg NEG 4% 4 H 2 Figber profecton single vertical {tne . = one on Many horizontal {ines — Intersection wpreserk the carbon iF Groups ave represerste ty vertical Ifine below plane: — Groups are presert postzontal fre above plane ») SOLO horse- projection al staggeel A slagged €clfpseal contorrnal contormal every Heher projection to elipsed cntormal 4 tip” AOS feok a tty ; “Net a 6 " L 0 = i r a cy ct , ue o _ chy cs cH (staceec [ecltpsedt) Speinerd = al Be conver l WhOHe eq) HVAT f ay 9 als y re Hs A HO tipo ion #4 ety a ale co dts forme conyiqure tion A> ont DL sack aRNewWMAN's prOjechon+ retate AAs ¢ * standard Neher projection ceelden rule) The pvindple carbon chain should be present on vertical tine hauctional group (aroon containing) eboutd tie o> tp od vertical tne and principal HO oy ee : . = " ruifcluiet Wal tee atZne ee le « be, J ¥ Nishewtyern dash wed _teecige:- am 2 lp aw) 54 mee) ef “@ (0) tye Came o cB) wo) aor epo abs ct Et 1 32) 1a) ¢ Chregeer uti, u a Ho oH chs Faton | Hy, Y wiles on caoH (WE ary, we ol I chs Ng > the shaight ‘6 the vertical ne of hisher ® 4 Root change the position oF dah ic oe the position ot wedge ot on ye oi 4 4 > OW at cH ma ‘CHO i Ai “ cHs tho ag, u oH CH coOM ott Ht oH (Wott 8 col Molecwe hoving core moleattar torrnula: & sare rnoleatare weight and carne structural tormutabut dftter qe the oBwntiahon wn araioge -Ment ob qiMerent groups en atoms wa 2-0 space are callec} tes feorness: f f eteTCO Yomners MR never structural isomers “ uy Ct ai a a { re ce Sf CUYOH — (adNoro-2-buforno! ) — @-8 Conlormational ‘tomers (octal ned bY Ce bend rotation) © @-® enkqurational weormers (owrcined bY @rchannge of cywoups) @— 4 eelnsed & * i ~ 60’> staqged = OO Gclipeed 60° . 4. "> = ey st worn go. HN Bose Mpulots SE 7 208 eclipsed uw . o peo @liped) = a 5 2 ~ staged R ola. 5 3€clipsecl cthedral angle tog a 0=60" staged) 6 more stable than celipsed due fo (293 bond pal spulsous Ht dihedral angle © 60’ + staqqed torm TN pflredral angles o1.6260' = ¢kew contormal fer Clectonte wepulsion 4 E> Ss wonder wall repulsion — rs — total tepulsion + *S "> staviliys 9 r€ — potential enesqy— €r6 — potential env] order € pokews st — sranility order = 45 skew xe Go 12" 1@0 at 00" B60" ) " led tox siorol | Enegy required to convert sragged Yolo Gclipsed to called OVI” | | G24 ote'haiction AS terMp: “WCROVE | Acaipsed T * contorrmations 9 POpares + inst 4 W-G = C—CHy bow . rh 1 1 Hg 0-60 W eat eee an < fOty oe eee Cuma ve €clipsed staqged Ecipsect stability = stagge dt Eclipse PEA a aecallmole re 60120" 1@0' 240" 306° 260° * conformations WA ty butane s [er —C2J o wow 45 és zotetlg nets a d © 4 es) sgt 60" 1%, u Z % chat Hy er 4 u ®=60°% ©=0 Geltpsecl staggered slabitty Staqqerecl Eclipsecl 9 s+ Kew? Kelipsedd 96 Kcal lrole € Go 120 ie suo S00 560 os @ contormakons so m-bubane Teo nat aes Ceca bh Fully staggered ee conkers @ © n iy ¢ "ef so Wen aa sept" co. Hhe@® (dies ew ihe Se ee he cts chy, cH Hy : 9=0" aoe 82190" 8-900 Fully anti Gausche partially staggered J * parkally » Fully auch vondertwotl Gctipsed —etlipsect > ® ‘Stat, ¥O. = Ina staqqeredl lorry UBthedralamyle - 66° also) , ton’sional repulsion, foter electronic tepulsions doesn't exsts 'p gclpseals PE, more : Stable than Fe Repulsfons antt Gausehe re FORGE, Antt ts. + 1) Nanderuaad tw i, i; "aunoes repulsfons ——werysrnall) Y nor onserved 2) Torsfonal (00 Inter electric = ra ee repulsions stabilty oreler Ey (Py 2 Prt + GALSHE y partial Eclipsecl » Fully eltpend Tela repulsion ovelev —s pe ype Gawsels ysti ¥ ti x “= Gauche partial eully Eclipsed eclipsed stalelity Anti > Gauche +partial éclipsecl ¥ Fully Gctipsocl [Pav “oaire] Ny a roanaeeae Nee iof a , M2 dipole morrentum Fens ents * Gauehe Myaucho moreole praction CHa~c Ha. I ae FAP Uw =O at (Bebe = Agauche . Neanche t19(0-€2) + (0116) BOTQWD the al! conformations ob the 1,2-dichloro Gthane..1t the €Hy- tt obeesved atpolemomant x nd mole Hactron & Anti ch— ct Form te 012 what ual be ‘he mole Haction ob gauche fom @ also predict the net dtpolernament on heating sn gi aiaectle aod ay Et Beth tage PS a i ‘ wee SGT Ngee wen ob at! o . . Gauche me Re 2 : sot Haus =O Aobs: > 40 AoA OE)* Mocuere Heche ~ 4D Meautche- Uecuche = 4D (10192) « Meauche = 4D Hoaudre = 42 - 5-55 D — Oe gon heating, Se ig oaueye T= Xotreer J DraLO the cootormatons cb cipylene qytol % caa—cte oh by a De “ing ow aa acer Fe In qoxeout state iO iO gece Ror sntt pe r pe] Fo moa hydrogen AL a) bonding > Corie ‘ ad waroqe A> Sosily i voporaakes Soda rect Felation yoyo P=. eS ny, — Deter molecalay bydveqe: oe Sonnet us bonding = roote axcciaho> Ms r Nor i rates Th aqueous HOH Bots» Goulche >pe > pe OM Sauily Gvapor 1 ilbwt "awa nae 1" oun & thaqueccer medivmall confor nations am ciatitized by dette melecelar hudroger} bonding « so hipkogen. boncting 15 not eonsdesed Salbieh wit! weve rpore dipole Moment 5 42 dichloro ethane, thyleneglycol Cboth An qarecut ete > Hole. ~ Mote = Agar Leputcl: | 4 Vetngoue * ODU9-atehoro MSL cthone (Horee) Sr ¢ oes Mote) 59 cicbloxd home we 9R gaseous soe CHa ote (a= ONs -nth ria @® § Be aie ov, “Er OR, ete 4 atways 17 gauche lorrp jono roolecalor W- toncng COIN pretext hn Stability orclere Gauche > Anti ype + FE WD) pue to 107 dipole attadtion aleo'v gauche Kare Tay Be stale than Anif born) CH2-CH2 FN (x= Fick, Brie GH, OH éte =) \ ts NS cnts attiochon Fs 200 Hes Mowe stableritban Ih bonding ota Gauche +Anti +pe ere | | Doreen the contormers of 3,3- attrmetty! pentane di aecuss the. stability [¢2-¢g rotation) Ys 0° i‘ . é i CHy-CHa~ Cet cHa~ Cl ys p ie CHs x Sy i ae i ae ose HW ale a ay pe oa i. we nt © 6 ¢ Ga ae 60 O-@ -@ | @-@© Hitsy a cng niin Oc 60 @ oO ctl, C3 > sta briity HeI=S rH yD © prawthe conformers tor Chacoot @piizo @pliag and acus cn,-coo" the etausility. (tr gaseous siete ) we2 gh 12 (H2-COOH ais cos wy THA Molecule No t-booncth eae H-bonding ch, -coB < eal s@bINTY Gauche vAnk yperec stability Aint ¥ @auche FpE HEE 9 cHarcHa oy GUE web i wa 3 2 eer opete ne © 109 pole | pue te abeerce OF attraction, hax ford =~) pnti > Gauche rpE + FE o Gauche Anti Fpe FFE | OA contorrmars of 9)3-dimethy) bulane. [s-cs} CHa, eo ch ee y cH, i aw, Cth y af bs vs Geko ie - Ct ae Cis OF ee tullyectipsech — partidetlipsed — ars eet e hes Grourche yfrti rPE HED due ts bond andle changes [Pree contorrners of n-propyl chloride [er ¢2] “ple. \ “ety 5 a —¢-e8 4 sth — in solid stare Heel oe ty Stability > Ant y @aushe Bs ¢ Eee — 4n Mqutd «tate et ck ent Geushe SALLY => Gaushe > ant i v mor polar tesspolar What ull happen 1 old gropy) chortde to 1p onto Aten) e ol. Biptor Plpoleimomepts uel rage. 60 Gauss lerrttmnore ey ole thew ot tore a HH Cy-ctla ju ee Be py if Vin os a due to Cape simeutat CHa-CH> otl Order butnot hyclyoqge+ A ae ree mad tice cieaiaia nd diocdsS Stab), pprawme Contorrpations ceitg-ctis tle around CN Ny a Cty —C - N@ uh id ou heey oF Oa. 8 Ets, | Ante a. ® @ +t Gaushe etrect?- There doesn't Satste AY qepulsion due to lone pate ab TE goutshe positior® (p-A = 60°) lahtitus Gaushe rANt ype FE | gprate the contorrners of fect -Off Ground ¢r-0 bond) sol f ~ eae ge | | 18 ee 5 ef, > _ Ber, Saf oT ~ Fry ot oa Gawhe F an Dewy woe Lon, Seta eta ects, Pita ti! 2)2, 3,3 tetra methyl pentane Rot 4 e " omen : ; in Who Oo -b- chi oh won CHO r 4 i ce) ty! cyclo hexahe Cth —c—C — CHO ai ti more oe erable 01 Miiping a b Be weatte to Nppting anvial bond change © eoyualbria Hipping, ae quatonal bond changes te Onticd, eae san cso lorm.we obeenedd > chi axial aepulsions — Yor 4 pany bwKY group present ar axifal posttion, now reackly converted, 0 O @ sygerpon. pole projection 2D tor cxyelo pexane Cth He el a 4 onqe rch Ms F INEOMAN p[ector by boad form eee Fully eclipsecl S-AITANQe Ane following wntormers fn stobillty ordler ape A coe ae a 8 400230 1 reg = ae f® 233343) 0 3 ¢ ie © F= 6o/, Br= Ger, t s677 eel a eh ots 423357 *gerraie Isomers fo ayclo hexane Trans a6 Tans 2 — Vale aeled ie “alae Teelan Bort Most stable confowners ¢ Hs q > ® 3 ~tars? ae) Reopen M03 Mery NM 8 la nme: , ha-trans-4¢e,€) 8 CH, cls, up wires Nimes ° Oe 2 hans -5(6,e) Er 1M cH, cH, ty £8 a. 1,2 cis eared x lo Wa CIS Cand + mes , Le oe > Identical onlin @@ = Geornetiical tome, y cormpate stability. rt) ae 77 dimetiny) cuglohexane ; BetIans 1,2 dimethy) cyclo heranes imore stable ) ; (2) ¥¢i6,, "2 dirmethy) clo be1aMe ~ (more stale ) tans 413 dimebyl cydo hexane aye) Mee 4 alimeth eydohercune ANS > dimethy) cytlo hename (nore staple) Stee) QI LohId> torn %6 BOF stable for eydoheranr nls diol? # HOM TYAo Boat form 19 MOW Stable HD chalr due tp INhArpolecwar trydrogen ol bonding 4! 1,9 cydohexane didl stable contonner 1 OM io\t a oO 13 U6 cyclo henane fot 1s moore stable LF (ontormer due to fotra molecular hydrogeut bondtag “gt yacclohexan® diot ADH CH2- CH Ve Non polar sohent > Anti + Gauche Me fate 70 eclipsed torn ¢ cl ed cf a a) ca ates a ANGE a Vey “a cack ch cy Aeetgced=2 wot? ace By (l-He -th-¢4 > Gaucho »Ant’ ~ CIC) > how at = og ae » ehaecyline « A ch © a cts a Geometrical feornertsr | Molecule having -arne molecular formula, same molecular Wweigui- and Zam bond connectivity tut differ ID arrange & alors | ef) groups 1D a 30-space which arises purely bEmUISe OF the Bindered rotalion ground any toate boots Basically Geormenical corner ditfes 1 Georpeny of the Molecule Chbb) Foenditions oF Geomehical icorneniemn- D 4elect any eo atoms ENCente about WhICh rotation fe fotally bindened | 29 Goth centre will have too bods ach 1 general andalk the four bonds showd lie on a same direction > wafth respect 10 gach cenhe, bea both the groups bonded showd be different hom Carb other he thew shottld mot be Identical SfOUPING: at any cente a a a SRG Di DAn-nZ oe re 4_Powi 4 WZ et A Gearnetrical isomerfsmes In cUclo..alkenes Othout a 1 boc’ % cycloalkene s 3-¢ ty 4. ®@2®@e2ea Te 1999, GT doesnt happens a SEO CGO © tet etae @ tans %orner] Gl €rists Oren Glee ataghedy crne 4 for overall molecule AL Cniste, "eng onwarde, GT Satpal Scvecause they are not pacar Wags) : x 12 Ls yt t (rans) | 4 \ FAfroro @-c to irc 2Axc!0 alkenes GP happens and cls 16 more ste ane | |orrom 12-¢ v90q onwards, aycoolteres Gr benpenets and bors fom, | fo or erable than cis | ap cet : | (cto) [= ec ple frond doesnt eater | Aa gq ? Qe ® pom + onwards ci ieee @rtsts % YANG cust oO x CK x yy < FED wo curnelenes (cumulative ones) Ser te ae SCHC= Cin, NO GP rer) N0- oF cummelenes doesn't show Gt \ 2 *< | De C=c=CL GT happens Lf odd no: of cumelenes con satiety 42 cnditions, an show GD ~ ¥ GI fo ie g wn Oe Phere The _ t 8 Four qroups are % reutually ty plane. ‘abhor dheent show 67 ) AOS Four groups are % same dtreactonal 4 ft @t condition satistied ,%¢ can show Git | O4@ Orr > bo GT oan BT Gt doent~— signe ‘show \ “r i show at A cenmre : ¥ + Aah rei Soe CMM > can chow ait thr, Cha ‘2 HOw ae cH | | Ce cHe k 1 [oreo is age oni how Olin Ban oh Geometrical ‘cornensmm In Sphenyls a tiphenyls e— th atlecist ONY thee of he four otto positions occupied tay bulky {Oups, which «an show “se! Coteric dobtbitior of gsonaned ther > MINIize the -sepuleion, then Arnage becomes , rputually tv to fac other] rotation tops \ La>8-0) + On. er > can't show Gr os NO Mh (Boe) show 69 ‘er nated Peormaviéry Which reculte due to Windewg & “tric aepulefons 76 called prRop ago) Cation created by . BIROP 2someRTsn4 2NO2, et fo supbiclent to Kinder the w= Geesnit how $69) patti feevpendfculas Ie 1? " ‘ > reutually by Or i FWRel can sow E|T? 6 A oP x pare Po ve . | ree f Hy OF if | Dao Oo an y % Uy _ 2 SOxcar x | Deron W 1 QO cmttiety | Q Me = NH ame ._@/4 t reeNy OX ) cHsctec=c=Ce X 1 ie j } Bi a se A ie Oey ne fe 16) ch fNECEN KX wis *) Can't show @T keto form. ene-o.0 tor which of the tolleco#ng on tastamesisnn (an drow faz ; oH eles No tawarnevism of - “YI @ Se > esl Hs ce Ea @ GaSe AI® » cya erty ee 5 ha Sa 9 Ch-N=O > cHp= NS lo) a o ecdgcenscktb datens Eh @ » CH~ A —CHy sensing + tonliquration + The pavticular arrangermect ob atoms Aroupe 9) 3p space ts catled ©nkquration *ts-wans cor tiquyation (5 sane QroupS > Same sicfe Hane > carHe QrOUPS, OPP: Side 4 (th an | af V0 3 ats . H a W G+ jane (Jno 62 a ID 4 r4er" ow oy a Cj-rra b Ky oaans " YY, jsTrans eS, = eae Ce 4? bOns = Obs ot Qt Are they 42 ob Cach other CD CY) ~ atoco ot | positional fsomex Trans (fe Vou NO, 4” @evfkor Coy. fables — Metarners iat ono44 D tandz fakguratenss. L a ee entigen eee mfority, x>E & 20.8 (pp: Ede) (Larne <#cle’) oa, 14® Og 2® B ~e pos @ a Ze e ae % 10 @ntetarion bly dod x, trans a ¢- hey are dlitteret ~ priontty oF grouping dectded by erp rule ( @ ee srule-I* prtovity ob Gotime group a piorplc nuPber ot Fst ato oF we group bonded to the cenhe TEA = Opp 1 \ edi “ tans ¢ g uke 2 ® -b ow " -G! pe oO 5 A=6 RE 5a ota are De, 1 >-SO3n OH =F me (58 \ the “gba cm Sire de. et Ca 03H =°E ‘eonkiquration « ot = 4 Spec e ROG neat cobliquration. = Oo comes rtule—0: =>2 5 @ prsb atometic no: of Hrot alo are carne. Goto Hhe Seco aD With Kqhest ators’ HuMbers & Poa & =chson B -ety-cy <<. -cds-clly spe DR ate OL nn, i me ue 1; @ 4 SH tk fnle-3e_ Among Tsotopes , priority usill be directly proportional to May umber 4 —T2-D>-4 ThIe proTity % applied only when alky) qveyps are — bs -dH carne ~ Cz >- CD93 -ctty F €at -CBa-CHs ACH CHy-cHs, BrCHs-CHs L -cp.-cH Here moral rg! uM ee ae Same dierent RC Cl, ~b ebay Shoudet use ate) vo \ # Qule—qz IF roulliple boods axe piesent, any rputtiple bood can be taken fquivadert to as {is roe atl = ay > =c=N> ci =n a le 1 EG ve me — 4 ob Gis ° teeal) =f a aig, 3. arnaainay) =) pre —cHo < —onome 4 74> <>< >-+O y py ay (tac “cy -cHa- CH c Soe Cogs # Assign €,« for Alkenes ¢ o a va ¢ CHD —CHs, ( , ‘€ caer oy @ 2», BQ... - By, a " ig & oN eta wacry CHo-cHedy mot © © 24,9 ~ bs Popes Oe mircen g “Z— somes me, mf Ait, Os * CS 7 eae SO CHb-¢ toc SH a a > > ye 2S ee Lp» -<—> mo (ee . KE ROD o ® ie ‘Ee’ SH. ee ® Po Le,® “ We CEN@) on nO £10 ieee Laem ees I % oe ee 110 qed anti ft fo common Yotaton for oxines'and #0 ‘tornpounds a rO.Ups) Qan? Kuen? (yr aantt aw ead torrie to Arup! Me Or Cee “yn ti ‘ Wwe SHOWA Compan Aeon HN YOK OR A o PD. +re lowest priowty Rez Se Froup wrth grou, @ poe one a on witroqen @ldo oirne) @ido orn 4 Ge Nee OF Ho -OH eothuee wot steve n2 wg ® 7 ~oH lowest ADH & D Potty, oy s (Keto ovfnes keto Oxfned Ca) 4 pi FM oy SAR Be =ut » ey x 5 ov Ant oe Seen lo Hier €1% rotation ob tollowing _ ty atorn 16 crete than {on2. paty TOW IY pc ny a 02 49 a N=N WS 2. fee Oral, Lotoeat nan of =~ HOK>s fa ‘Ho "SRS eM b) -839 shoud Pa \e! ot ae eel Avente Ww @ UG] RAR! 4% Cthuldiene hept-2 2,56 diene F caleulatieg 4 total no: ob qaorneb{al isommers!— » — 7 tac [CH fame 7 Norok Gt=2 ra ajc [CH =cH eS € CHICHy NO-ot @t=3 ts yromerticald j | y (Hg- Ee eau Ere cr Et anon -symmmebical) z ‘ By NO +O GI= 4 v e x Ppt at rooleaule %6 uneyrmetical {No- OF GB=2> a roleaile 1s symmetical, P22 (nstven) n= NO: Of GT areas = DH (n> odd) Keoleulate No oF GP lor talowing molecules? © CHp=C=Ch No G @vern no+ cur. enes ” aty-dh=c=C= NH 50 n= 2) CHa CH= C=CECHE Ct > Pe : rT rn ae = -Gl=2 sao eo ah i per Hac = © cs{e Gi. 3-9 a) SHDEAPERTSCH =cH-en= ctl Br j N=% >G@T=23-¢ » oy OSES H eh 2 a 10) CHa-tH =cHEEH = cH-CH =cHLctly be BA 9 SUmmeticaly — | > GT ap 49-6 D-H OO eqf-cts 2 Y eeiel=CHLINE NE H= cHi-citg nel t3-25n=3 Noa 6 0) 6) Hac -CH =c=e=|0Q NO-GT (2 2¢Hs- CH=CH EH = cH f= gectly unsynimett cat N24s @T-e ; 07 cng {CH= Cc HHRH= SQ) =cHitcth, Cunsyrometicaly ” n=d-s NOrOP GT=93_¢ wy CHa CHECHCH>EECHGH =CH-CH, Ceyrnrnetiicad) \ DPE! MOVoh @t =r hot® g S@HIHeH =cHiFc Hy ceyrormetiical) Noro Gt 2 oy lag ict lCH = CHLGH = c= nd D= Stl op witty fH = CHHOOSH EH = CHE Hy ceyrprmedicall, O=3 » Nook GD=6 mis IN= NF eH =c=cecH N=? Hi-chs _ onsyromehicad N=) NO: of @q = 23 -¢ oor D395 Gr- 2! 23 1 = 6 > Unsummetical = Nol GT = 26 80 BE Clans formula 2 not applica (e) ¥opecial cases % @T es PUZCH-CH, € x E A a SelecHem Ex 2 fae, —! rk 0 Nene @ "vere. ot tes 7 OL O rez ey © pec a a Yc. N= /, gS ~~ Ls a ca @ aes u darn VATE SE ty = BY — inc Bt hence = tbe — + Be cH = CH-Ck ® Ce CH OO ou mene cla Oy eae. S Woe ene Gno- ob @t ag Ho eee 1% peaC ae eye x) -© -@ -@ ©e©e6 & ol eormetitcad isomers = 4 x! RMON @ Cyc ACHme tad \ HF cig PMO GT

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy