CHAPTER 10 LINE ENCODER - DECODER 10.1 Objectives 1. To understand the theory and applicctions of line code encoder and decoder. To understand the encode and decode theory and cit t structure of NRZ. To understand the encode and decode theory and circuit structure of RZ. ke To understand the encode and decode theory and circuit structure of AMI. 5, To understand the encode and decode theory and circuit structure of Manchester. 10.2Basic Theory Give a brief explanation about: 1. Encode and decode theory and eireut structure of NRZ 2. Encode and decode theory and cireu t structure of RZ 3. Encode and decode theory and circut structure of AMI 4 Encode and decode theory and cireut structure of Manchester 1.3 Experiment Apparatus 1. DC Power Supply 1 2. Function Generator 2 3. Oscilloscope 1 4, GOTT—DCTOI Line Encoder Module 1 5. GOTT —DCTO2 Line Decoder Module I 6. BNC to Alligator cable 4 7. BNC to BNC cable 2 8, Large banana to banana cable 5 9, Small banana to banana cable 10. T-connector wo 1.4 Procedures 1.4.1 Unipolar NRZ signal encode and decode 1. To implement a unipolar NRZ encode circuit refer to figure DCT1-1 on GOTT DCT-6000-01 module. ANALOG AND CIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION LAB | LINE ENCODER — DECODERSet the frequency of function generator to 2 kHz TTL signal and connect this signal to the Data I/P. Then observe cn the output waveform by using oscilloscope and record the measured results in Table 10.1 To implement a UNI-NRZ decode circuit refer to figure DCT2-1 on GOTT DCT- 6000-01 module. Connect the UNI-NRZ 0/P of figure DCT1-I to the UNI-NRZ I/P of figure DCT2- 1. Next observe on the output waveform by using oscilloscope and record the measured results in Table 10.1 According to the input signals in Table 10.1, repeat step 2-4 and record the measured results in Table 10.1 1.4.2 Unipolar RZ signal encode and decode 1 ANALOG AND CIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION LAB | LINE ENCODER — DECODER To implement a unipolar RZ signal encode circuit refer to figure DCT 1-2 on GOTT DCT-6000-01 module. Setting the frequency of function generator to 2 kHz TTL signal and connect this signal to the CLK U/P of figure DCT 1-2 and CLK at the left bottom. After that connect the Data at the left bottom to the Data IP in figure DCT 1-2. Then observe on the waveforms of CLK. VP, Data I/P and UNI-RZ. O/P by using oscilloscope, and record the measured results in Table 10.2. To implement a UNI-RZ decode circuit refer to figure DCT2-2 on GOTT DCT- 6000-01 module. Connect the UNI-RZ O/P of figure DCT 1-2 to the UNI-RZ /P of figure DCT2- 2. Next observe on the waveforms of Data O/P by using oscilloscope. Finally record the measured results in Table 10.2. According to the input signals in Table 10.2, repeat step 2 ~ 4 and record the measured results in Table 10.2. Set the frequency of function generator to 2 kHz TTL signal and connect this signal to the CLK 1/P in figure DCT 1-2. Then set another frequency of function generator to | kHz TTI. signal and connect this signal to the Data I/P in figure DCTI-2, Then observe on the waveform of CLK /P, Data /P and UNI-RZ O/P by using oscilloscope, record the measured results in Table 10.3. Connect the UNI-RZ O/P of DCT1-2 to UNI-RZ UP of DCT2-2. Then observethe waveforms of Data O/P by using oscilloscope, then record the measured results in Table 10.3. 8. According to the input signals in Table 10.3, repeat step 6 ~ 7 and record the measured results in Table 10.3 1.4.3 Bipolar RZ signal encode and decode 1. To implement a bipolar RZ signal envode circuit refer to figure DCT1-2 on GOTT DCT-6000-01 module. 2. Setting the frequency of funetion generator to 2 kHz TTL signal and connect this, signal to the CLK I/P in figure DCT1-2 and CLK at the left bottom. After that connect the Data O/P at the left boom to the Data UP in figure DCTI-2. Then observe on the waveforms of CLK VP, Data VP, TPI and BIP-RZ O/P by using oscilloscope, and record the measured results in Table 10.4, 3. To implement a BIP-RZ decode circuit refer to figure DCT2-2 on GOTT DCT- 6000-01 module. 4, Connect the BIP-RZ O/P of figure DCT 1-2 to the BIP-RZ UP of figure DCT2-2. Next observe on the waveforms of Data O/P by using oscilloscope. Finally record the measured results in Table 10.4. 5. According to the input signals in Table 10.4, repeat step 2-4 and record the measured results in Table 10.4. 6. Setting frequency of function generator to 2 kHz TTL signal and connect this signal to the CLK W/P in figure DCT1-2. Then setting another frequency of function generator to 1 kHz TTL signal and connect thi figure DCT1-2. Then observe on waveforms of CLK I/P, Da signal to the Data I/P in VP and BIP-RZ. O/P by using oscilloscope, and record the measured results in Table 10.5. 7. Connect the BIP-RZ O/P of DCT 1-2 to BIP-RZ I/P of DCT2-2. Then observe on the waveforms of Data O/P by using oscilloscope, then record the measured results in Table 10.5. 8. According to the input signals in Table 10.5, repeat step 6-7 and record the measured results in Table 10.5. ANALOG AND CIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION LAB | LINE ENCODER — DECODER6 1.4.4 AMI signal encode and decode To implement an AMI signal encode circuit refer to figure DCT 1-3 on GOTT DCT-6000-01 module. Setting the frequency of function generator to 100Hz TTL signal and connect this, signal to the CLK V/P in figure DCT 1-3 and CLK at the left bottom. After that connect the Data at the left bottom to the Data UP in figure DCT1-3. Then observe on the waveforms of CLK I/P, Data I’P and AMI O/P by using oscilloscope, and record the measured results in Table 19.6 To implement a transformation circuit of AMI to RZ.as shown in figure 2-6 or refer to figure DCT2-3 on GOTT DCT-6000-01 module. Connect the AMI O/P of figure DCTI-3 to the AMI /P of figure DCT2-3. Next observe on the waveforms of Data O/P by using oscilloscope. Finally record the measured results in Table 10. . According to the input signals in Table 10.6, repeat step 2-4 and record the measured results in Table 10.6. Setting the frequency of funetion generator to 100Hz TTL signal and connect this signal to the CLK /P in figure DCT1-3. Then setting another frequeney of function generator to 50 Hz TTL signal and connect this signal to the Data I/P in figure DCT1-3. Then observe on the waveferms of CLK /P, Data /P and AMI O/P by using oscilloscope, and record the measured results in Table 10.7. Connect the AMI O/P of DCT1-3 to AMI I/P of DCT2-3. Then observe on the waveforms of Data O/P by using oseilloscope, then record the measured results in Table 10.7. According to the input signals in Table 10.7, repeat step 6-7 and record the measured results in Table 10.7. 14.5 Manchester Signal Encode and Decode To implement a Manchester signal encode circuit refer to figure DCTI-4 on GOTT DCT-6000-01 module. Setting the frequency of function generator to 2 kHz TTL signal and connect this signal to the CLK U/P in figure DCT 1-4 and CLK at the left bottom. Afier that connect the Data at the left bottom to the Data VP in fignre DCT1-4. Then observe ANALOG AND CIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION LAB | LINE ENCODER — DECODERon the waveforms of CLK I/P, Data l/P and Manchester O/P by using oscilloscope, and record the measured results in Table 10.8. 3. To implement a Manchester decode circuit refer to figure DCT2-4 on GOTT DCT-6000-01 module. 4. Connect the Manchester O/P of figure DCT 1-4 to the Manchester I/P of figure DCT2-4. Next observe on the waveforms of Manchester I/P and Data O/P by using oscilloscope. Finally record the measured results in Table 10.8. 5. According to the input signals in Table 10.8, repeat step 2-4 and record the measured results in Table 10.8. 6. Set the frequency of function generator to 2 kHz TTL signal and connect this signal to the CLK W/P in figure DCTI-4. Then setting, another frequency of function generator to | kHz TTL signal and connect this signal to the Data I/P in figure DCT 1-4. Then observe on the waveforms of CLK W/P, Data /P and Manchester O/P by using oscilloscope, and record the measured results in Table 10.9 7. Connect the Manchester O/P of DCTI-4 to Manchester UP of DCT2-4. Then observe the waveforms of Data O/P by using oscilloscope, then record the measured results in Table 10.9. 8. According to the input signals in Table 10.9, repeat step 6-7 and record the measured results in Table 10.9. 1.5 Measurement Result 1.5.1 Unipolar NRZ signal encode and decode Table 10.1. Measured results of UNI-NRZ signal encode and decode Input Signal Signal Waveforms Frequencies (Data /P) Data /P UNI-NRZ O/P__| Data O/P 2kHz ANALOG AND CIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION LAB | LINE ENCODER — DECODERInput Signal Frequencies Signal Waveforms (Data VP) Data /P U NRZO/P | Data O/P 5kKHZ 1.5.2 Unipolar RZ signal encode and decode Table 10.2. Measured results of UNI-RZ signal encode and decode Output Signal Waveforms Input Signal Frequencies (CLK VP) CLK I Data/P | UNF-RZO/P | DATAOIP kHz Ski ‘Table 10.3 Measured results of UNI-RZ signal encode and decode Input Signal Frequencies Output Signal Waveforms CLK U/P | Data I/ CLK UP Data /P UNI-RZ O/P Data O/P 2kHz 1 kHz ANALOG AND CIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION LAB | LINE ENCODER — DECODERInput Signal Frequencies Output Signal Waveforms CLKU/P | Datal/P | CLK VP. Data I/P UNI-RZ O/P | Data O/P SkHz | 2.5kHz 1.5.3 Bipolar RZ Signal Encode and Decode Table 10.4 Measured results of BIP-RZ signal encode and decode Taput Signal Frequencies (Clock Output Signal Waveforms up) CLK UP Data VP 2kHz BIP-RZ O/P- Data O/P CLK L/P Data I/P 5kHz BIP-RZ O1P Data O/P ANALOG AND CIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION LAB | LINE ENCODER — DECODER‘Table 10.5 Measured results of BIP-RZ signal encode and decode Input Signal Frequencies Output Signal Waveforms DATA CLK UP ve CLK UP Data IP 2KHz 1 kHz BIP-RZ O/P Data O/P, CLKIP Data IP SkHz | 2.5 kHz BIP-RZ O/P Data O/P 1.5.4 AMI Signal Encode and Decode Table 10.6 Measured results of AMI signal encode and decode Input Signal Frequencies (CLK Output Signal Waveforms ry CLK UP Data /P 100 Hz ‘AMIO/P Data O/P ANALOG AND CIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION LAB | LINE ENCODE ECODERInput Signal Frequencies (CLK Output Signal Waveforms UP) CLK IP Data IP 500 Hz, ‘AMI O/P Data O/P Table 10.7 Measured results of AMI signal encode and decode. Input Signal Frequencies Output Signal Waveforms CLKIP | Data I/P CLK LP Data I/P 100Hz | 50 Hz ‘AMI O/P Data O/P, CLK IP Data UP 500Hz | 250Hz ‘AMI O/P Data O/P, ANALOG AND CIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION LAB | LINE ENCODE ECODERInput Signal Frequencies CLK | Data /P Output Sign al Waveforms 1.5.5 Manchester signal encode and decode Table 10.8 Measured results of Manchester signal encode and decode. Input Signal Output Signal Waveforms Frequencies (CLK Manchester | Dats O/P vp CLK UP Data VP or 2 kil 5 kHz Table 10.9 Measured results of Manchester signal encode. Tuput Signal Frequencies Output Signal Waveforms Manchester | Data O/P CLKUP | Data VP CLK UP Data VP a5 2 kHz 1 kHz SkHz 2.5 kHz ANALOG AND CIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION LAB | LINE ENCODE ECODER1.6 Problem Discussion 1. Explain what are the common types of line coding? Explain what are the advantages of line code? Explain how the unipolar and non-return-to-zero signals encode and decode? )olar return-to-zero signals encode and decode? 2 3) 4, Explain how the unipolar and 5. Explain how the AMI signal encodes and decodes? 6. Explain how the Manchester signal encodes and decodes? 7. Explain why do we need line coding? 8. Give an actual example of the application of line code 1.7 Conclusion ANALOG AND CIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION LAB | LINE ENCODER — DECODER