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Faizan Logic

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Mian Muhammad Muaz
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21 views6 pages

Faizan Logic

Uploaded by

Mian Muhammad Muaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Subject: Logic & critical thinking

Submitted by: Faizan Babar


Roll no. BC19-240
Submitted To. Prof. Dr.Khawaja Saeed
Assignment topic:

The use of Logic in Other Field


Table of Contents
Introduction of logic: .................................................................................................................................... 3
Scope of logic:............................................................................................................................................... 3
Value and uses of logic:................................................................................................................................ 3
Logic use in different field ............................................................................................................................ 3
For an English(grammar):.......................................................................................................................... 3
For a mathematics: ................................................................................................................................... 4
For a science: ............................................................................................................................................ 4
For a computer science: ............................................................................................................................ 5
For a law: ................................................................................................................................................... 5
For a philosophy:....................................................................................................................................... 6
For a daily life: ........................................................................................................................................... 6
Introduction of logic:
Logic is the study of the criteria used in evaluating inferences or arguments. An
inference is a process of reasoning in which a new belief is formed on the basis of
or in virtue of evidence or proof supposedly provided by other beliefs.

Scope of logic:
In logic, the scope of a quantifier or a quantification is the range in the formula
where the quantifier engages in. It is put right after the quantifier often in
parentheses. Some authors describe this as including the variable put right after
the for all or exists symbol.

Value and uses of logic:


Abstract systems of logic have been constructed that employ three truth-
values e.g., true, false, and indeterminate or even many, as in fuzzy logic,
in which propositions have values between 0 and 1.

Again, the ultimate purpose of logic is to evaluate arguments—to


distinguish the good from the bad. To do so requires distinctions,
definitions, principles, and techniques that will be outlined in subsequent
chapters.

Logic use in different field


For an English(grammar):
Logic is a method of reasoning that involves a series of statements, each of which
must be true if the statement before it is true.

Logic and reasoning are vital in work training and development. Logic and
reasoning are fundamental in management, administration, law, finance,
engineering, physics, chemistry, archeology, history, and other areas

For example, logic tells us that any statement of the form "If P then P." is
necessarily true. This is a principle of the second kind that logician study. This
principle tells us that a statement such as "if it is raining, then it is raining" must
be true.

For a mathematics:
Mathematics is tailor made to use logic in all its power. In fact, logic is one of the
three theoretical legs that math stands on. The other two are set theory and
number theory, if you're wondering.

Logic and math work so well together because they're both independent from
reality and because they're tools that are used to help people make sense of the
world. For example, reality may contain three apples or four bananas, but the
ideas of three and four are abstractions, even though they're abstractions that
most people take for granted.

Math is made completely of such abstractions. When these abstractions get


complicated — at the level of algebra, calculus, and beyond — logic can be called
on to help bring order to their complexities. Mathematical ideas, such as number,
sum, fraction, and so on, are clearly defined without exceptions. That's why
statements about these ideas are much easier to verify than a statement about
reality, such as "people are generally good at heart" or even "all ravens are black."

For a science:
Science uses logic to a great advantage. Like math, science uses
abstractions to make sense of reality and then applies logic to these
abstractions.

The sciences attempt to understand reality by:

Reducing reality to a set of abstractions, called a model.

Working within this model to reach a conclusion

Applying this conclusion back to reality again

Logic is instrumental during the second step, and the conclusions that
science attains are, not surprisingly, logical conclusions. This process is
most successful when a good correlation exists between the model and
reality and when the model lends itself well to the type of calculations that
logic handles comfortably.

The areas of science that rely most heavily on logic and math are
the quantifiable sciences, such as physics, engineering, and chemistry.
The qualitative sciences — biology, physiology, and medicine — use logic
but with a bit less certainty. Finally, the social sciences — such as
psychology, sociology, and economics — are the sciences whose models
bear the least direct correlation to reality, which means they tend to rely
less on pure logic.

For a computer science:


Medicine used to be called the youngest science, but now that title has
been handed over to computer science. A huge part of the success of the
computer revolution rests firmly on logic.

Every action your computer completes happens because of a complex


structure of logical instructions. At the hardware level — the physical
structure of the machine — logic is instrumental in the design of complex
circuits that make the computer possible. And, at the software level — the
programs that make computers useful — computer languages based on
logic provide for the endless versatility that sets the computer apart from all
other machines.

For a law:
AS with mathematics law exist primarily as set of definition’s

Contract, torts felonies, intent to cause bodily harm and so on. These concepts all
come into being on paper and then are applied to specific cases and interpreted
in the courts. A legal definition provides the basis for a legal argument which is
similar to a logical argument

For example, to demonstrate copyright infringement, a plaintiff may need to


show that the defendant published a certain quantity of material under his own
name, for monetary or other compensation, when this writing was protected by a
preexisting copyright.

These criteria are similar to the premises in a logical argument: If the premises are
found to be true, the conclusion — that the defendant has committed copyright
infringement — must also be true.

For a philosophy:
Logic had its birth in philosophy and is often still taught as an offshoot of
philosophy rather than math. Aristotle invented logic as a method for
comprehending the underlying structure of reason, which he saw as the
motor that propelled human attempts to understand the universe in the
widest possible terms.

As with science, philosophy relies on models of reality to help provide


explanations for what we see. Because the models are rarely
mathematical, however, philosophy tends to lean more toward rhetorical
logic than mathematical logic.

For a daily life:


Logic, on the other hand, may be defined as the science that evaluates
arguments. All of us encounter arguments in our everyday life. We read
arguments in books, magazines and newspapers, hear them on television,
and formulate them when communicating with friends, parents, juniors and
senior colleagues.

For example: If it will rain today, then the roads will be slippery. It will rain
today. Therefore, the roads will be slippery is valid because it has the
argument form. If A, then B. A. Therefore, B. All arguments with this form
are valid. Logic gives us the tools to determine when an argument is
logically valid.

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