ENVIROMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

ECW568
OPEN-ENDED LAB REPORT

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : JAR TEST

DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 29th April 2020

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GROUP : EC2206B1B

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GROUP MEMBERS 1. Kharismawan Irfan Fauzy

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(2020177437)
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(2020337067)
3. Raihan Valentino Jaya Saputra
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(2020595909)
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4. Virdaus Vilkanova Habing

(2020780871 )
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LECTURER : Rosadibah Mohd Towel

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LEVEL OF OPENESS : 2

MARKS COMMENTS
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INTRODUCTION
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BASIC CONCEPTS
METHODOLOGY 1 2 3 4 5
RESULTS&ANALYSIS 1 2 3 4 5
DISCUSSION 1 2 3 4 5
CONCLUSION 1 2 3 4 5
ORGANIZATION 1 2 3 4 5
TOTAL MARKS

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 INTRODUCTION

Water treatment is any process that makes water more acceptable for a specific end-use, which
may be drinking, industry, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses.
Water treatment should remove existing water contaminants or so reduce their concentration that
their water becomes fit for its desired enduse, which may be safely returning used water to the
environment. Treatment for drinking water production involves the removal of contaminants from
raw water to produce water] that is pure enough for human consumption without any short term
or long term risk of any adverse health effect. Substances that are removed during the process of
drinking water treatment include suspended solids, bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi, and minerals

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such as iron and manganese. The processes involved in removing the contaminants include

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physical processes such as settling and filtration, chemical processes such as disinfection and

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coagulation and biological processes such as slow sand filtration. Measures taken to ensure water

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quality not only relate to the treatment of the water, but to its conveyance and distribution after
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treatment. It is therefore common practice to have residual disinfectants in the treated water in
order to kill any bacteriological contamination during distribution. World Health Organization
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(WHO) guidelines are a general set of standards intended to be applied where better local standards
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are not implemented. More rigorous standards apply across Europe, the USA and in most other
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developed countries followed throughout the world for drinking water quality requirements.
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OBJECTIVES

1. To determine optimum dosage of coagulant

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2. To measure the water quality parameter such as turbidity, pH and color before and after the Jar
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Test.

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 LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Define the term coagulation and flocculation

2. Identify optimum dosage of coagulant and correlate with actual water treatment process.

3. Analyse test data and present the solution in proper technical format.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Surface waters, containing colloidal particles, are normally treated by coagulation-flocculation

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followed by clarification process. As a group you will be given TWO (2) types of coagulants. You

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are required to carry out jar test on the water samples collected by your group using the appropriate

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apparatus available in the laboratory.

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APPARATUS
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1. The jar test apparatus

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2. 6 beakers of 1000 ml capacity

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3. 1 scaled cylinder of 1000 ml capacity

4. 1 beaker of 250 ml capacity
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5. 100 ml solution of alumunium sulphate 1%

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6. Ferric Chloride
7. 1 Turbidimeter
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8. 6 syringes
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PROCEDURES

1. Prepare the water going to be treated is a residual discharge

2. Pour 1000 ml of water discharge into each beaker
3. Position the beakers at the jar test apparatus
4. Preliminary fill the syringes with the different quantities of alumunium sulphate (according
to the task)
5. Label the beakers according to the alumunium sulphate dosage that is going to be added

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 6. For a rapid mixing agitate at velocity 100 r/min
7. Add the proper quantities of Alumunium sulphate solution
8. Reduce the agitation speed at 40 r/min Let mixing for 15 min
9. For the lower dosages it can be seen that the flocculation is not effective
10. While for concentration of 40,60,80 and 100 ppm it could be seen how the flocs are being
formed
11. Considering the actual floc size it could be pre-condluded that the optimal dose is between
40 and 60 ppm
12. Completing the 15 min of steering the samples are kept in quite fot sedimentation
13. Meanwhile observe the floc setting velocity for 10 min

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14. Flock decantation appear at the bottom beaker

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15. Take 25 ml of clear liquid on each beaker,being careful not to agitate the sediment

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flocks,and evaluate turbidity.
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16. Before usage it is obligatory to wash the turbidimeter container with distillen water and
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drain it well being careful not to leave residual impurities
17. Fill the container with the sample which turbidity is to be measured
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18. Fibnally evaluate the turbidity

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DATA ANALYSIS
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Table 1.1 : Result using Alumunium Sulphate as a coagulant in JAR tes experiment

Dosage of
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coagulant (mL) 0 2 4 6 8 10
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JAR/Parameter 1 2 3 4 5 6
Trubidity (NTU) 14.0 9.5 6.0 5.7 8.0 13.0
pH 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
Color (Pt/Co) 230.0 190.0 100.0 90.0 95.0 110.0

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 Table 1.2 : Result using Ferric Chloride as a coagulant in JAR tes experiment

Dosage of
coagulant (mL) 0 2 4 6 8 10

JAR/Parameter 1 2 3 4 5 6
Trubidity (NTU) 14.0 6.5 5.5 6.0 7.0 9.0
pH 5.0 6.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0
Color (Pt/Co) 230.0 130.0 50.0 60.0 100.0 150.0

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ANALYSIS

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Turbidity (NTU) vs Dosage of Coagulant

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14
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Turbidity (NTU)

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2
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Dosage of coagulant (mL)
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Alumunium Sulpahte Ferric Chloride

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 pH vs Dosage of Coagulant
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pH

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Dosage of coagulant (mL)

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Alumunium Sulpahte Ferric Chloride

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From the data we can conclude that using Alumunium Sulphate for coagulant, from 0 – 6 dosage

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the turbidity decrease from 14 until 5.7 but after we put 8 – 10 dosage the turbidity will increase
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again from 8 until 13. And the PH is always increase from 0 – 10 dosage.

When using Ferric Chloride as coagulant from 0 – 4 dosage the turbidity decrease from 14 until
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5.5 but after we put 6 – 10 dosage the turbidity will increase again from 6 until 9. And the PH is
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always increase from 0 – 10 dosage.

CONCLUSION
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As conclusion, this experiment is successfully been done and it is because theobjective of

this experiment which to conduct various experiments on chemicalcoagulation and flocculation
and to determine the optimum dose combination of coagulant aid (when used) which will produce
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the highest removal of turbid water samplehas achieved.

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