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(Mai 5.6-5.7) Rules of Differentiation

This document provides exercises on differentiation rules for the International Baccalaureate Mathematics: Applications and Interpretation (MAI) curriculum. It contains 6 problems testing students' ability to: 1) Differentiate basic functions including polynomials, exponentials, logarithms, trigonometric functions, and their combinations. 2) Find the derivatives of more complex composite functions. 3) Calculate derivatives at given points and find gradients of curves at those points. The exercises range from straightforward differentiation to applying the chain rule and implicit differentiation to find derivatives of various types of functions.

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Daniela Garibay
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
103 views30 pages

(Mai 5.6-5.7) Rules of Differentiation

This document provides exercises on differentiation rules for the International Baccalaureate Mathematics: Applications and Interpretation (MAI) curriculum. It contains 6 problems testing students' ability to: 1) Differentiate basic functions including polynomials, exponentials, logarithms, trigonometric functions, and their combinations. 2) Find the derivatives of more complex composite functions. 3) Calculate derivatives at given points and find gradients of curves at those points. The exercises range from straightforward differentiation to applying the chain rule and implicit differentiation to find derivatives of various types of functions.

Uploaded by

Daniela Garibay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

Mathematics: applications and interpretation

MAI

EXERCISES [MAI 5.6-5.7]


RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis

A. Paper 1 questions (SHORT)

BASIC RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

1. [Maximum mark: 3 per function]


Differentiate the following functions:

y  7 x 3  2  5e x  3 sin x

y  x  ln x

y  x ln x

ln x
y
x

2x  1
y
3x  5

y  x  ex  ln 

y  x 2  ln x  x 2 ln x

y  x sin x ln x

y  x 2 e x ln x

Page 1
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

2. [Maximum mark: 4]
Let f ( x )  2 x 3  ln x
(a) Find f ( x ) . [2]

(b) Find the gradient of the curve y  f ( x ) at x  1 . [2]

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3. [Maximum mark: 6]
x3  1
Let f ( x ) 
sin x
(a) Find f ( x ) . [3]
(b) Find the gradient of the curve y  f ( x )


(i) at x  (ii) at x  1 rad. [3]
4

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[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

4. [Maximum mark: 12]


Given the following values at x  1

x f ( x) g ( x) f ( x ) g ( x)
1 2 3 4 5

Calculate the derivatives of the following functions at x  1


(i) y  3 f ( x)  2 g ( x) (ii) y  f ( x) g ( x)
f ( x)
(iii) y (iv) y  2 x 3  1  5 f ( x)
g ( x)

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Page 3
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

5. [Maximum mark: 4]
Let f ( x)  6 3 x 2 . Find f ( x) .

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6. [Maximum mark: 6]
6x
Let h( x)  . Find h(0)
cos x

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7. [Maximum mark: 5]
Let g(x) = 2x sin x.
(a) Find g′(x). [3]
(b) Find the exact value of the gradient of the graph of g at x = π. [2]

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[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

8. [Maximum mark: 4]
Consider the function f ( x)  k sin x  3 x , where k is a constant.

(a) Find f ( x) . [2]


(b) When x  , the gradient of the curve of f ( x ) Is 8. Find the value of k . [2]
3

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9. [Maximum mark: 5]
2
Let f ( x) = 3x .
5x  1
(a) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote of y  f ( x) .

Find f ( x) . Give your answer in the form ax  bx2 where a and b  .


2
(b)
(5 x  1)

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[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

10. [Maximum mark: 8]


Let f ( x )  x cos x , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 6.

(a) Find f ( x ) . [3]

(b) On the grid below, sketch the graph of y  f ( x ) . [3]

(c) Write down the range of the function y  f ( x ) , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 6 [2]

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[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

11. [Maximum mark: 7]


Let f ( x )  e x cos x .

(a) Find f ( x ) . [3]

(b) Find the gradient of the normal to the curve of f at x   . [2]


(c) Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve of f at x  . [2]
4

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12. [Maximum mark: 7]


Let f ( x )  xe x .

(a) Find the equation of the tangent line at x  0 . [3]


(b) Find the equation of the normal line at x  0 . [2]
(c) Solve the equation f ( x )  0 . [2]

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[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

CHAIN RULE
13. [Maximum mark: 3 per function]
Find the derivative of each function below. [cover 3rd column; then compare with your answer]

Function f ( x ) Derivative f ( x ) Compare with


correct answer

f ( x )  e x 5 f ( x)  e x 5

f ( x)  e2 x f ( x)  2e 2 x

f ( x )  e 2 x 5 f ( x)  2e 2 x 5

f ( x )  e5 2 x f ( x)  2e5 2 x

2 2
5 5
f ( x)  e 2 x f ( x)  4 xe 2 x

7 7
5 5
f ( x)  e 2 x f ( x)  14 x 6 e2 x

f ( x)  sin( x  5) f ( x)  cos( x  5)

f ( x )  sin 2 x f ( x )  2 cos 2 x

f ( x )  sin(2 x  5) f ( x )  2 cos(2 x  5)

f ( x )  sin(5  2 x ) f ( x )  2 cos(5  2 x )

f ( x)  sin(2 x 2  5) f ( x)  4 x cos(2 x 2 5)

f ( x)  sin(2 x 7  5) f ( x)  14 x 6 cos(2 x 7 5)

f ( x )  cos( x  5) f ( x )   sin( x  5)

f ( x )  cos 2 x f ( x )  2 sin 2 x

f ( x )  cos(2 x  5) f ( x )  2 sin(2 x  5)

f ( x )  cos(5  2 x ) f ( x )  2 sin(5  2 x )

f ( x)  cos(2 x 2  5) f ( x)  4 x sin(2 x 2  5)

f ( x)  14 x 6 sin(2 x 7  5)
f ( x)  cos(2 x 7  5)

Page 8
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

Function f ( x ) Derivative f ( x ) Compare with


correct answer
1
f ( x )  tan( x  5) f ( x) 
cos ( x  5)
2

2
f ( x )  tan 2 x f ( x)  2
cos (2 x)
2
f ( x )  tan(2 x  5) f ( x) 
cos (2 x  5)
2

2
f ( x )  tan(5  2 x ) f ( x) 
cos (5  2 x)
2

4x
f ( x)  tan(2 x 2  5) f ( x) 
cos (2 x 2  5)
2

14 x 6
f ( x)  tan(2 x 7  5) f ( x) 
cos 2 (2 x 7  5)
1
f ( x )  ln( x  5) f ( x) 
x 5
2 1
f ( x )  ln 2 x f ( x)  
2x x
2
f ( x)  ln(2 x  5) f ( x) 
2x  5
2 2
f ( x)  ln(5  2 x) f ( x)  
5  2x 2x  5
4x
f ( x)  ln(2 x 2  5) f ( x) 
2 x2  5

14 x 6
f ( x)  ln(2 x 7  5) f ( x) 
2 x7  5
1
f ( x)  x  5 f ( x) 
2 x 5
1
f ( x)  2 x  5 f ( x) 
2x  5
1
f ( x)  5  2 x f ( x) 
5  2x
2x
f ( x)  2 x 2  5 f ( x) 
2 x2  5
7 x6
f ( x)  2 x  5
7 f ( x) 
2 x7  5

Page 9
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

Function f ( x ) Derivative f ( x ) Compare with


correct answer

f ( x)  ( x  5)3 f ( x)  3( x  5) 2

f ( x)  (2 x  5)3 f ( x)  6(2 x  5) 2

f ( x)  (5  2 x)3 f ( x)  6(5  2 x) 2

f ( x)  (2 x 2  5)3 f ( x)  12 x(2 x 2  5) 2

f ( x)  (2 x 7  5)3 f ( x)  42 x 6 (2 x 7  5) 2

f ( x)  ( x  5) 3 f ( x)  3( x  5) 4

f ( x)  (2 x  5) 3 f ( x)  6(2 x  5) 4

f ( x)  (5  2 x) 3 f ( x)  6(5  2 x) 4

f ( x)  (2 x 2  5) 3 f ( x)  12 x(2 x 2  5) 4

f ( x)  (2 x 7  5) 3 f ( x)  42 x 6 (2 x 7  5) 4

1
f ( x)  1
x5 f ( x ) 
( x  5) 2
 ( x  5) 1
1
f ( x)  2
2x  5 f ( x ) 
(2 x  5) 2

1
f ( x)  2
5  2x f ( x) 
(5  2 x) 2

1
f ( x)  4 x
2x  5
2
f ( x) 
(2 x 2  5) 2

1
f ( x)  14 x 6
2x  5
7
f ( x ) 
(2 x 7  5) 2

Page 10
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

Function f ( x ) Derivative f ( x ) Compare with


correct answer

f ( x)  esin x f ( x)  esin x cos x

cos(ln x)
f ( x )  sin(ln x ) f ( x) 
x

f ( x)  sin 4 x f ( x)  4 sin 3 x cos x

f ( x)  cos(e x ) f ( x)  e x sin(e x )

f ( x)  3cos 2 x f ( x )  6 cos x sin x

 sin x
f ( x )  ln cos x f ( x)    tan x
cos x

f ( x)  (1  e x )3 f ( x)  3e x (1  e x ) 2

1  ex
f ( x)  x  e x f ( x) 
2 x  ex

cos x
f ( x)  sin x f ( x) 
2 sin x

1 sin x
f ( x)  f ( x ) 
cos x cos 2 x

3 6 cos x
f ( x)  f ( x)  
sin 2 x sin 3 x

f ( x)  e x sin x f ( x)  e x sin x (sin x  x cos x)

f ( x )  x 2 e3 x f ( x)  2 xe3 x  3 x 2 e3 x

Page 11
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

14. [Maximum mark: 3 per function]


Differentiate the following functions:

Function f ( x ) Derivative f ( x )

f ( x)  2( x 2  5) 3

2
1
f ( x )  2e x

x
x
f ( x )  7e  8e 2

f ( x)  3cos 3 x  x


f ( x)  ln( x 2  1)  2 cos( x)
2

f ( x)  x 2  5 + 3 x

f ( x)  (2 x  5)3  (2 x  5) 2  2 x  5

f ( x)  sin 2 x  cos 2 x

y  e 2 x  ln(2 x  3)

y  x 5  2x  1

2x  1
y
3x  5

2x  1
y
(3 x  5) 2

2x  1
y  ln
(3 x  5) 2

Page 12
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

15. [Maximum mark: 10]


ds
Find for each of the following functions
dt

s  2020 cos t

s  cos(2020 t )

s  cos(t 2020 )

s  cos 2020 t

16. [Maximum mark: 18]


Given that f (1)  2 and f (1)  4 , find the derivatives of the following functions at x =1

(i) y  f (x ) 2 (ii) y  f (x ) 3 (iii) y  ln f ( x )

(iv) y  f ( x 2 ) (v) y  f ( x 3 ) (vi) y  f ( x)

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Page 13
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

17. [Maximum mark: 10]


1
(a) Show that the derivative of y  tan x is . [2]
cos 2 x
(b) Hence, differentiate the functions
(i) y  x tan x (ii) y  tan 3 x

(iii) y  tan 2 x (iv) y  tan 3 x [8]

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Page 14
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

18. [Maximum mark: 4]


Differentiate each of the following with respect to x .
(a) y  x sin 3 x [2]

ln x
(b) y [2]
x

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19. [Maximum mark: 4]

1 
The point P  , 0  lies on the graph of the curve of y  sin(2 x  1) .
2 
Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve at P.

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Page 15
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

20. [Maximum mark: 4]


Differentiate with respect to x: (i) y  ( x 2  1) 2 . (ii) y  ln(3 x  1)

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21. [Maximum mark: 4]


Differentiate with respect to x (i) 3  4x (ii) esin x

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22. [Maximum mark: 5]


x
Let f ( x )  e 3  5 cos 2 x . Find f ( x) .

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Page 16
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

23. [Maximum mark: 6]


Let f(x) = cos 2x and g(x) = ln(3x – 5).
(a) Find f ′(x). [2]
(b) Find g′(x). [2]
(c) Let h(x) = f(x) × g(x). Find h′(x). [2]

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24. [Maximum mark: 6]


(a) Let f ( x )  e5 x . Write down f ( x ) . [2]
(b) Let g ( x )  sin 2 x . Write down g ( x ) . [2]

(c) Let h( x )  e5 x sin 2 x . Find h( x ) . [2]

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Page 17
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

25. [Maximum mark: 6]


 π
Let f(x) = e–3x and g(x) = sin x   .
 3

(a) Write down (i) f ′(x); (ii) g ′(x). [2]

 π π
(b) Let h(x) = e–3x sin  x   . Find the exact value of h′   . [4]
 3 3

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26. [Maximum mark: 6]


Let f ( x )  (2 x  7)3 and g ( x )  cos 2 (4 x) . Find (i) f ( x) ; (ii) g ( x )

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Page 18
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

27. [Maximum mark: 6]

The population p of bacteria at time t is given by p = 100e0.05t. Calculate


(a) the value of p when t = 0; [2]
(b) the rate of increase of the population when t = 10. [4]

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28. [Maximum mark: 8]


The number of bacteria, n, in a dish, after t minutes is given by n = 800e013t.
(a) Find the value of n when t = 0. [2]
(b) Find the rate at which n is increasing when t = 15. [2]
(c) After k minutes, the rate of increase in n is greater than 10 000 bacteria per
minute. Find the least value of k, where k  . [4]

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Page 19
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

29. [Maximum mark: 8]


Consider the curve y = ln(3x – 1). Let P be the point on the curve where x = 2.

(a) Write down the gradient of the curve at P. [2]

(b) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at P. [2]

(c) The normal to the curve at P cuts the x-axis at R. Find the coordinates of R. [4]

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Page 20
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

30. [Maximum mark: 7]


Let f ( x )  3 x  e x  2  4 , for 1  x  5 .
(a) Find the x -intercepts of the graph of f . [3]

(b) On the grid below, sketch the graph of f . [3]


(c) Write down the gradient of the graph of f at x  2 . [1]

y
3
2
1

x
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
–7
–8
–9
–10

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Page 21
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

31. [Maximum mark: 6]


d2 y
If y  ln(2 x  1) find .
dx 2

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32. [Maximum mark: 6]

Consider the function y  tan x  8sin x .


dy
(a) Find . [2]
dx
dy
(b) Find the value of cos x for which  0. [2]
dx
dy
(c) Solve the equation  0. for   x  2 . [2]
dx

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Page 22
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

33. [Maximum mark: 6]


Let y  e3 x sin( x ) . Find

dy
(a) . [4]
dx
dy
(b) the smallest positive value of x for which = 0. [2]
dx

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34. [Maximum mark: 6]


Let f ( x )  cos 3 ( 4 x  1) , 0  x  1 . Find

(a) f (x) [3]

(b) the exact values of the three roots of f ( x)  0 . [3]

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Page 23
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

35. [Maximum mark: 6]


Let f be a cubic polynomial function. Given that f (0)  2 , f (0)  3 , f (1)  f (1)
and f (1)  6 , find f (x ) .

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Page 24
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

36. [Maximum mark: 3 per function]


The following table shows the values of two functions f and g and their derivatives

when x  1 and x  0 .

Find the derivatives of the following functions when x  1 .

3 f ( x)  5 g ( x)

f ( x) g ( x)

f ( x)
g ( x)

f ( x) 3

ln f ( x)

f (ln x)

e f ( x)

f (e x 1 )

f ( x  1)

f ( 2 x  2)

f  g (x ) 

g  f ( x)  2 

Page 25
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

B. Paper 2 questions (LONG)

37. [Maximum mark: 10]


Let f ( x )  1  3cos(2 x ) for 0  x   , and x is in radians.

(a) (i) Find f ( x ) .

(ii) Find the values for x for which f ( x )  0 ; Give your answers in terms of  . [6]


The function g ( x ) is defined as g ( x )  f (2 x )  1 , 0  x  .
2
(b) (i) The graph of f may be transformed to the graph of g by a stretch in the
1
x -direction with scale factor 2
followed by another transformation.

Describe fully this other transformation.


(ii) Find the solution to the equation g ( x )  f ( x ) . [4]

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Page 26
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

38. [Maximum mark: 20]

 
The diagram shows the graph of the function f given by f ( x )  A sin  x   B , for
2 
0  x  5 , where A and B are constants, and x is measured in radians.

y (1,3) (5, 3)

(0, 1)
x
0 1 2 3 4 5

(3, –1)

The graph includes the points (1, 3) and (5, 3), which are maximum points of the graph.
(a) Show that A  2 , and find the value of B . [5]

 
(b) Show that f ( x )   cos  x. [4]
2 
The line y  k   x is a tangent line to the graph for 0  x  5 .
(c) Find
(i) the point where this tangent meets the curve;
(ii) the value of k . [6]
(d) Solve the equation f ( x )  2 for 0  x  5 . [5]

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Page 27
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

39. [Maximum mark: 14]


The following diagram shows a waterwheel with a bucket. The wheel rotates at a
constant rate in an anticlockwise (counterclockwise) direction.

diagram not to scale


The diameter of the wheel is 8 metres. The centre of the wheel, A, is 2 metres above
the water level. After t seconds, the height of the bucket above the water level is given
by h = a sin bt + 2.
(a) Show that a = 4. [2]
The wheel turns at a rate of one rotation every 30 seconds.
π
(b) Show that b = . [2]
15
In the first rotation, there are two values of t when the bucket is descending at a rate of

0.5 m s–1.
(c) Find these values of t. [6]
(d) Determine whether the bucket is underwater at the second value of t. [4]

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Page 28
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

40. [Maximum mark: 18]


Let f (x) = 3sinx + 4 cos x, for –2π ≤ x ≤ 2π.
(a) Sketch the graph of f. [3]
(b) Write down
π
(i) the amplitude; (ii) the period; (iii) the x-intercept between  and 0. [3]
2
(c) Hence write f (x) in the form p sin (qx + r). [3]
(d) Write down one value of x such that f ′(x) = 0. [2]
(e) Write down the two values of k for which the equation f (x) = k has exactly two
solutions. [2]
(f) Let g(x) = ln(x + 1), for 0 ≤ x ≤ π. There is a value of x, between 0 and 1, for which
the gradient of f is equal to the gradient of g. Find this value of x. [5]

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Page 29
[MAI 5.6-5.6] RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

41. [Maximum mark: 15]


ex
(a) The function g is defined by g ( x )  , for 0  x  3 .
x
(i) Sketch the graph of g .

(ii) Find g ( x ) .
(iii) Write down an expression representing the gradient of the normal to the
curve at any point. [8]
(b) Let P be the point ( x, y ) on the graph of g , and Q the point (1,0).
(i) Find the gradient of (PQ) in terms of x .
(ii) Given that the line (PQ) is a normal to the graph of g at the point P, find the
minimum distance from the point Q to the graph of g . [7]

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Page 30

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