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26 views4 pages

Tut 4

Uploaded by

zidanacheung
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The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Department of Applied Mathematics


AMA1110 Tutorial Set #04

Differentiable Function
A function f: I  R is called differentiable at x  c if 
f (ch)  f (c) f (x)  f (c)
lim   lim  exists inR.
h0 h xc xc

If so, such limit is denoted as f '(c) or df (c), called derivative at x  c.


dx

Computation Rules of Derivatives

Basic Operations
Wherever f(x) and g (x) are differentiable, we have

1) d (kf (x))  k df (x), where k is a constant (constant multiplication rule)


dx dx

2) d (f (x)  g (x))  df (x) dg(x) (sum rule)


dx dx dx

3) d (f (x) g (x))  f (x)dg(x) df (x)g (x) (product rule)


dx dx dx

g(x) df (x)f(x)dg(x)
d  f (x)   dx dx
4) (quotient rule)
dx  g (x)  g(x)2

Chain Rule
If u(x) is differentiable at x  c andv (u) is also differentiable at u  u(c), then
d (vu) (c)  dv (u(c)) du(c)
dx du dx

Left-Hand Derivatives and Right-Hand Derivatives


We also denote the left-hand derivative and right-hand derivative of f (x) at x  c by
f (ch)  f (c) f (x)  f (c)
f'(c)  lim   lim
h0 h xc xc
f (ch)  f (c) f (x)  f (c)
and f'(c)  lim   lim
h0 h xc xc
respectively.
Concept of Derivatives

slope f (ch)  f (c)


h
f (c  h)  f (c)

slope f (ck)  f (c) h


k

f (c)  f (c  k)

k
ck c ch x

Some Very Famous Derivatives

1. d (constant)  0 2. d (xa)  axa1,  a R


dx dx

3. d (sin x)  cos x 4. d (cos x)  sin x


dx dx

5. d (tan x)  sec2x 6. d (cot x)  csc2x


dx dx

7. d (sec x)  sec x tan x 8. d (csc x)  csc x cot x


dx dx

9. d (ex) ex 10. d (ax) axlna, a  0


dx dx

11. d (ln x)  1 12. d (logax)  1 , a  0


dx x dx xlna

13. d (sin1x)  1 14. d (cos1x)   1


dx 1x2 dx 1x2

15. d (tan1x)  1 2
dx 1x
Question 1  (Intermediate Level)
Find a and b (if possible) so that the following functions are differentiable everywhere.
Write down also the derivative at x0.
 a if x  0
(a) f (x)  2 1
 x cosx if x0.

 x if x  0
(b) f (x) 2
 xa2b if x0.

Question 2  (Intermediate Level)


Show that the following functions are not differentiable at the point specified.
 x if x1
(a) Consider x1 and f (x) 1 2
 2x 7 if x  1.

 x2 if x  1
(b) Consider x  1 and f (x)  3
 x if x  1.

Question 3  (Standard Level)


Compute the derivative of the following functions.
(a) f (x)  2 sin x  cos x (b) f (x)  6x37x1/28x1
(c) f (x)  x2sin1x (d) f (x)  exln x sinx

(e) f (x)  sin x (f) f (x)  3 (ln x) tan x


x
e 7x3 sin x  x38
t
cosθ
(g) f (t)  2te (h) f (θ)  2
6t 7 θ sinθ

Question 4  (Standard Level)


Compute the derivative of the following functions.
(a) f (x)  2 sin x  cos x (b) f (ξ)  sin (3ξ26ξ1)
(c) f (x)  ln [tan1(ex 1)]
2
(d) f (ψ)  sin (ψ3) csc (2ψ)
(e) f (γ) cot (2γ2γ1) (f) f (x)  2cos x
2
(g) f (μ) (2  sin8(eμ1))π (h) f (x) (3  sin x)cos x

(i) f (ν)  [ln (1  ν2)]e (j) f (γ)  sec (tan1(γ2)tan γ)


Linear Approximation
f (ch)  f (c) f (x)  f (c)
Let f (x) bedifferentiable at x  c, i.e. lim   lim   f'(c) exists
h0 h xc xc
inR. In other words, for small enough h 0, i.e. x  c  h close enough to c,
f (ch)  f (c) f (x)  f (c)
  f'(c)
h xc
i.e. f (c  h)  f (c)  f'(c) h,  or  f (x)  f (c)  f'(c) (x  c).

Question 5  (Intermediate Level)


Compute the derivative of the following functions at the point specified by x0using the first
principle. Hence, estimate f (x1) by the linear approximation at x0.

(a) f (x) x, x04, x14.01 (b) f (x)  x21, x01, x10.98


x

(c) f (x)cos 2x,  x00,  x1 0.01 (d) f (x) 3 x1, x07, x16.98

Question 6  (Exam Level)

Suppose that f is differentiable at 0 with f (0) π6 with f ' (0)  1. Let g (x)  cos [f (sin x)].

Find an approximate value of g (0.01) by constructing a linear approximation of g (x) at x  0.

Extra Knowledge (Greek Alphabets)

Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ
α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ

Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω
ν ξ ο π ρ σ, ς τ υ  χ ψ ω

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