10/17/2023

e-commerce
Dr.Mohamed Moustafa
Associate Professor, Faculty of Computers and AI,
Beni-Suef University
MIS Consultant, ICTP, Ministry of Higher Education

A few suggestions….
• Your final grade is based on points – not on an
accumulation of grades.
• You start the class with zero points and earn your way
to your final grade
• If you have an issue or problem, communicate – send
me an email
• If you know you’re not going to meet the deadline for a
quiz or assignment – email me BEFORE the deadline

1
 10/17/2023

The INTERNET… and a bit of history

What is the internet?

• A collection of computer networks that use a protocol
to exchange data
• Is the World Wide Web (WWW) and the internet the
same?

2
 10/17/2023

Brief history
• Began as a US Department of Defense network called
ARPANET (1960s-70s)
• Packet switching (in the 60s)
• E-mail is born on 1971
• TCP/IP beginning on 1974 (Vinton Cerf)
• By 1987: Internet includes nearly 30,000 hosts

Brief history (cont.)

• WWW created in 1989-91 by Tim Berners-Lee
• Popular web browsers released:
• Netscape 1994
• IE 1995
• Amazon.com opens in 1995
• Google January 1996
• Wikipedia launched in 2001
• MySpace opens in 2003
• Facebook February 2004

3
 10/17/2023

• Wikipedia launched in 2001

• MySpace opens in 2003
• Facebook February 2004

Key aspects of the internet

• Sub-networks are independent
• Computers can dynamically join and leave the network
• Built on open standards
• Lack of centralized control (mostly)
• Everyone can use it with simple, commonly available
software

4
 10/17/2023

People and organizations

• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): internet protocol
standards
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
(ICANN): decides top-level domain names
• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): web standards

Internet Protocol (IP)

• Simple protocol for data exchange between computers
• IP Addresses:
• 32-bit for IPv5
• 128-bit for IPv6

10

10

5
 10/17/2023

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

• Adds multiplexing, guaranteed message delivery on top of IP
• Multiplexing: multiple programs using the same IP address
• Port: a number given to each program or service
• port 80: web browser (port 443 for secure browsing)
• port 25: email

• Some programs (games, streaming media programs) use simpler UDP protocol instead of
TCP

11

11

The World Wide Web (WWW)

12

12

6
 10/17/2023

Web Servers
• Web server: software that listens for web page requests
• Apache
• Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS)

13

13

Application Server
• Software framework that provides an environment where applications can run
• Apache
• Glassfish
• WebSphere
• WebLogic

14

14

7
 10/17/2023

Web Browser
• Web browser: fetches/displays documents from web servers
• Mozilla Firefox
• Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE)
• Apple Safari
• Google Chrome
• Opera

15

15

Domain Name Server (DNS)

Set of servers that map written names to IP addresses

• Example: https://fcds.alexu.edu.eg → 204.29.160.73

Many systems maintain a local cache called a hosts file

• Windows: C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts
• Mac: /private/etc/hosts
• Linux: /etc/hosts

16

16

8
 10/17/2023

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

• Identifier for the location of a document on a web site
• Example: https://fcds.alexu.edu.eg /web/index.php/ar/

• Upon entering this URL into the browser, it would:

• ask the DNS server for the IP address of fcds.alexu.edu.eg
• connect to that IP address at port 80
• ask the server to GET /web/index.html
• display the resulting page on the screen

17

17

Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)

• Set of commands understood by a web server and sent from a browser
• Some HTTP commands (your browser sends these internally):
• GET filename : download
• POST filename : send a web form response
• PUT filename : upload

18

18

9
 10/17/2023

Number Meaning
HTTP Error Codes 200 OK
page has moved
• When something goes wrong, the web 301-303 (permanently or
server returns a special "error code"
number temporarily)
• Common error codes: you are forbidden to
403
access this page
404 page not found
500 internal server error

19

19

10