Scribd
Upload
76 views12 pages

Calbaration of Pressure Gauge

Yes, the relative height between the calibrator and the gauge is important in calibration. The calibrator needs to be at the same level or slightly higher than the gauge being calibrated to ensure the correct pressure is applied and measured by the gauge. If the calibrator is lower, it will read a lower pressure than what is actually being applied to the gauge due to the effect of hydrostatic pressure from the height difference.

Uploaded by

hamza19792005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
76 views12 pages

Calbaration of Pressure Gauge

Yes, the relative height between the calibrator and the gauge is important in calibration. The calibrator needs to be at the same level or slightly higher than the gauge being calibrated to ensure the correct pressure is applied and measured by the gauge. If the calibrator is lower, it will read a lower pressure than what is actually being applied to the gauge due to the effect of hydrostatic pressure from the height difference.

Uploaded by

hamza19792005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

University of diyala

College of engineering
Civil engineering department

Hydraulic & fluid laboratory


Second stage
Experiment no.(1)
Calibration of pressure gauge

Prepared by

Asst. lec. Mohammed shareef


Asst.lec.aya ali hasan
Asst.lec.farah faiq taha

Name: Ahmed Hamza Fallih

date of the experiment: 2023/10/15


date of submission of the report: 2023/10/22
Name of experiment: calibration of pressure gauge

(1-1) Introduction:
A bourdon- tube gauge,(fig.1), measures the pressure by
pension of a coil tube.the pressure gauge is composed of a
metal tube of copper with one end closed and formed as 3/4
of a circle and other and connected yo the pressure source.
The applied pressure causes a little expansion in the circular
shape of the tube, moving with it an attached pointer that is
calibrated to indicate the pressure. When the applied pressure
is more than atmospheric pressure ,the closed end will diverge
causing an expansion in the circular shape of the tube. There
is a connected mechanism of levers and gears to amplify the
movement of the tube. There is a transfer the action to
appointed that indicates a definite pressure.
When the pressure gauge is disconnected , the pointer must
indicate zero pressure because the in this case the pressure
inside the tube is equal to the outside pressure because in this
case the pressure inside the tube is equal to the outside
pressure which is the atmospheric pressure. The calibration of
the pressure gauge is done according to this fact. The a
accuracy of the pressure gauge is dependent on its
calibration.the gauge must be calibrated from time to time
especially after applying, high pressure.
(2-1) Objectives:

The usual procedure is to apply a known pressure to the gauge


using a device called a Dead Weight Calibrator. The normal
calibration procedure is to load the gauge for known pressures,
using a dead weight calibrator including a liquid of known
specific gravity (use water as the liquid).

(3-1)Description and tools of experiment:

Various types of pressure measuring instrument have been


used to measure the pressure intensity at any point in static or
moving fluid. Ones these devices is the Bourdon tube pressure
gauge. Bourdon-tube pressure gauges are most widely used
now-a-days because of their reliability, compactness, low cost
and ease of use. It consists of a curved tube (Figure 1) of
elliptical cross-section bent into a circular arc.
When pressure is applied to the tube, it tends to straighten out,
and the deflection of the end of the tube is communicated
through a system of levers to a recording pointer. This gauge is
widely used for steam and compressed gases.
The pressure indicated is the difference between the system
pressure and to the external (ambient) pressure, and is usually
referred to as the gauge pressure.
Fig.(1) calibration of a pressure gauge

(4-1)Theory:

The bourdon gauge is the most popular pressure measuring


device for both liquids and gasses. It can be connected to any
source of pressure such as a pipe or vessel containing a
pressurized fluid
Bourdon Gauge: The Bourdon Gauge (Figure 2) is fitted with a
transparent dial, which lets you see the internal workings of the
gauge.
The gauge consists of a thin walled closed ended tube which is
oval incisors section. This tube is bent through an angle of
about 270o along its long axis. The open end of the tube is
welded to a hollow
mounting block which allows the pressurized fluid to reach the
tube.This causes the pressure from the source to be transmitted
directly to-the inside of the bourdon tube. The applied pressure
causes the oval
tube to become rounder (since a round cross section has the
maximum area for a given circumference). As it becomes
rounder, the bourdon
tube tends to uncurl which causes its free end to move. A
system of linkages and levers transmits this motion to the gauge
needle which moves over the scale.

Figure(2)
Dead Weight Calibrator: In order to obtain very accurate
pressure
measurements, it is essential to regularly re-calibrate the gauge.
This is because the tube tends to become weaker with
extended use. The usual procedure is to apply a known
pressure to the gauge using advice called a Dead Weight
Calibrator.
The normal calibration procedure is to load the gauge for
known pressures, using a deadweight calibrator including a
liquid of known specific gravity (use water as the liquid)
This dead weight tester uses a simple piston and cylinder
arrangement to provide a source of pressurized liquid (in the
experiment water will produced a better result than oil) which
is transmitted to the gauge. Since the true pressure of the liquid
can be easily calculated, the value can be compared directly to
the readings the gauge over the complete scale range. (The
scale range is the range of pressures from zero to the full-scale
deflection value).
The dead weight tester consists of a cylindrical piston which is
free to move vertically in a close fitting cylinder.
A Platen is attached to the piston which can be loaded with a
series of accurate weights. The pressure developed in the
cylinder is
transmitted via a transparent tube to the gauge under test. The
cylinder is mounted on a base board which is supported on
leveling screws and fitted with a spirit level.
Calculations and results:
1. Create ablank table of rusults, similar to table 1
2. Note the cross-sectional area of the piston (indicated on
the equipment).
Results analysis:

Using equation 1, multiply the mass of the weight by the


acceleration due to gravity to find the force
(V) applied to the piston. Using equation 2, divide the
force by the piston area to find the applied
pressure.
Alternatively, find the applied pressure (in kN.m?) by
multiplying the mass (in kg) by the calibration constant
shown on the equipment.
Find the average pressure from the increasing and
decreasing pressures. Subtract the applied pressure from
the average pressure to find the average errors. Now
divide by the full scale reading of the gauge and multiply
by 100 to convert this into percentage of full scale.
Plot a chart of the increasing and decreasing gauge
readings (vertical axis) against the applied pressure to
give a visual indication of any hysteresis in the gauge.
Now plot a chart of the average error (vertical axis) against
applied pressure to give a visual indication of the reading
error across the pressure range.
Mechanical gauges normally have three main causes of
error:
1. Hysteresis caused by friction in the mechanical
movement in the gauge.
The results (Figure 3) show only a small hysteresis for this
gauge, typically less than 1 kN/m across the entire range.
In normal use, you would gently 'tap' the gauge between
readings to help relieve this friction - often called 'stiction'.
2. Accuracy of the printed scale.
The results (Figure 4) show an indicated pressure error
trend that increases with the applied pressure.
When converted into percentage of full scale you can
expect a maximum error of around 2.5%. This is
acceptable for many engineering purposes, although
some manufacturers can supply gauges with an error of
only 0.5% of the full-scale reading. However, greater
accuracy usually means higher unit costs of the gauge.
3. Reading error.
If the user does not look directly through the printed scale
at the pointer at a position perpendicular to the gauge
face, then the reading may be subject to parallax error.
(5-1) Discusions:

Q/Is the relative height between the calibrator and the


gauge important in calibration?

Ans/Important! The watch will not be able to measure the


atmospheric pressure correctly if it makes an error during
the calibration process, so check that the value you use for
calibration provides the correct pressure data.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy