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Understanding The Self - PHYSICAL SELF

The physical self refers to one's body, which philosophers and psychologists have differing views on. William James saw the body as key to personality, while Freud thought it contributed to self and identity. Cultural traditions shape body image to reflect values and norms. One's view of their physical self, or body image, can impact self-esteem, which is a measure of one's beliefs about their own worth.

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83 views2 pages

Understanding The Self - PHYSICAL SELF

The physical self refers to one's body, which philosophers and psychologists have differing views on. William James saw the body as key to personality, while Freud thought it contributed to self and identity. Cultural traditions shape body image to reflect values and norms. One's view of their physical self, or body image, can impact self-esteem, which is a measure of one's beliefs about their own worth.

Uploaded by

bellaberino059
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Week 7: The physical self

“Beauty is when you can appreciate yourself. When you love yourself, that’s when you’re
most beautiful.”
- Zoe Kravitz
What is physical self?
According to Sanjay Singh, “the physical body refers to the body, a marvelous container
and complex, finely timed machine with which people interface with the environment and
fellow beings. ”
Different Perspectives about the Physical Self

William James - The body is the primary source of sensations and is necessary for the
development and maintenance of one's personality.
Sigmund Freud- The physical body is the core of human experiences which contributes to
the construction of the self and personality.
Wilhelm Reich- The core of a person's existence is his/her physical body. Everything about
a person can be attributed to his/her bodily functions, experiences, and interaction with
his/her environment.
Erik Erikson - The physical changes happening to the body and the experiences that an
individual goes can have an impact on his/her psychosocial development and personal
identity.
Carl Gustav Jung -The physical body could not be separated from the psyche since it is an
integral part of it.
B.F. Skinner- The significance of the body in psychological functioning, and its role in
managing and utilizing the bioenergy.

What Philosophers Think About Beauty

Beauty is a objective quality.


• St. Augustine asked whether things were beautiful because it gave delight, or whether
it gave delight because it was beautiful. He believed it to be the latter.
• Beauty is considered as pure manifestation of the good. • God is the supreme good, and the
source of all beings, and all of beauty. • He further examined the three negative forms of the
absence of beauty: (1) The absence of metaphysical beauty, (2) The absence of moral beauty,
and (3) The absence of physical beauty.

• Plato • Beauty is a response to love and desire. • The concept of beauty exists in the
world of Forms. Objects are beautiful because they are reflections of the idea of beauty that
already exists in the realm of Forms. • Beauty can exist independently of its perceiver, and
being beautiful does not depend upon personal evaluation.

• Aristotle asserted that the chief forms of beauty are order, symmetry, and definiteness
that can be demonstrated by mathematical sciences.• “to be beautiful, a living creature, and
every whole made up of parts, must … present a certain order in its arrangement of parts” •
Beauty can be measured through order, symmetry, and definitiveness (mathematical
sciences). • The Golden Ratio, formula of beauty which is a set of proportions found in nature
and applied by man to all manner of visual culture.
Beauty is a subjective quality.
• David Hume - "Beauty is no quality in things themselves; It exists merely in the mind
which contemplates them; and each mind perceives a different beauty. One person may even
perceive deformity, where another is sensible of beauty; and every individual ought to
acquiesce in his own sentiment, without pretending to regulate those of others"

• Immanuel Kant - "The judgment of taste is therefore not a judgment of cognition, and
is consequently not logical but aesthetical, by which we understand that whose determining
ground can be no other than subjective".• Four distinguishing features of aesthetic judgment:
(a) disinterested, (b) universal, (c) necessary, and (d) purposive without purpose or final
without end. • Beauty is purposive and pleasurable.

• Francis Hutcheson - "The perception of beauty does depend on the external sense of
sight; however, the internal sense of beauty operates as an internal or reflex sense. The same
is the case with hearing: hearing music does not necessarily give the perception of harmony
as it is distinct from the hearing" • Involvement of internal and external senses. If there is no
internal sense of beauty, then there is no perception of it

Definition of Beauty According to Different Psychologists

COGNITIVE BIAS • It is an error in reasoning , evaluating, or any other mental process


that is often a result of holding on to one’s preference or beliefs regardless of contrary
information.
HALO EFFECT -The halo effect (also known as the physical attractiveness stereotype
and the "what is beautiful is good" principle) refers to the tendency of people to rate
attractive individuals more favorably for their personality traits or characteristics as
compared to those who are less attractive.
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY • Beauty or attractiveness is a function of the
genetic quality of an individual. • Factors that influence attraction: symmetry, averageness,
and sexually dimorphic traits • Physical attractiveness has important social consequences,
for instance, people and animals rely on external traits to attract mates

How Cultural Traditions Shape Body Image?


Beauty and body image have been subjected to transformation, reflecting cultural values,
norms, and historical context. Being a part of a cultural group plays an integral part of who
people are.
Does your Body Image have an Impact on your Self-Esteem?
The term self-esteem was coined by William James in 1800. James presented self-esteem
as the number of successes a person achieves in the domains of life that are important to him
or her, divided by the number of failures that occurred on those areas. In the 1960s,
behavioral scientists defined self-esteem in terms of an attitude concerning one's worth as a
person.
Self-esteem- refers to a person’s beliefs about his or her own worth and value. It is often
associated with one’s self-confidence.
Body image It is the way one sees the physical self and the thoughts and feelings that result
from that perception.

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