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Cryptography

Cryptography is the science of securing communication and data by transforming it into an unreadable format using algorithms and mathematical techniques. It plays a crucial role in ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data. Cryptography is used to protect confidentiality, verify integrity, authenticate parties, and provide non-repudiation and secure communication through techniques like encryption, digital signatures, hashes, and cryptographic keys.

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25 views2 pages

Cryptography

Cryptography is the science of securing communication and data by transforming it into an unreadable format using algorithms and mathematical techniques. It plays a crucial role in ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data. Cryptography is used to protect confidentiality, verify integrity, authenticate parties, and provide non-repudiation and secure communication through techniques like encryption, digital signatures, hashes, and cryptographic keys.

Uploaded by

R. P. Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cryptography

Cryptography is the science and practice of securing communication and data by transforming it into an
unreadable format, known as ciphertext, using algorithms and mathematical techniques. This
transformation is reversible when the intended recipient possesses the appropriate decryption key,
allowing them to convert the ciphertext back into its original, understandable form, known as plaintext.
Cryptography plays a crucial role in ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data and
communications.

Key aspects of cryptography include:

1. **Confidentiality:** Cryptography is primarily used to protect the confidentiality of sensitive


information. By encrypting data, only authorized parties with the correct decryption key can access the
plaintext, while others see only unreadable ciphertext.

2. **Data Integrity:** Cryptographic techniques can also be used to verify the integrity of data. Hash
functions, for example, generate fixed-length "digests" that are unique to a given set of data. Any
changes to the data will result in a different hash value, making it easy to detect tampering.

3. **Authentication:** Cryptography is employed in various authentication processes to verify the


identity of parties involved in a communication or transaction. Digital signatures, for instance, use
asymmetric cryptography to confirm the authenticity of a message or document.

4. **Non-Repudiation:** Cryptographic methods can provide non-repudiation, meaning that the sender
of a message cannot deny having sent it. Digital signatures and timestamps can help establish the
sender's identity and the time of the message's creation.

5. **Secure Communication:** Encryption techniques are essential for securing communication over
untrusted networks, such as the internet. Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS)
protocols are examples of cryptographic methods used to protect data in transit.

6. **Cryptographic Keys:** Cryptographic systems rely on keys for both encryption and decryption.
These keys are typically generated using algorithms and must be kept secure. In asymmetric
cryptography, a pair of keys (public and private) is used, while symmetric cryptography uses the same
key for both encryption and decryption.
Cryptography is a fundamental component of cybersecurity and is widely used to protect sensitive
information, including financial transactions, personal communications, and data at rest or in transit. As
technology evolves, so does the field of cryptography, with ongoing efforts to develop more robust and
secure encryption methods to counter emerging threats and advances in computing.

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