Conceptual Theory ('CT'):

Money is the basis of the economy. To understand how money moves, you have to understand transactions. A
transaction is where you identify a product that could be or may be in demand, you identify what the intended
clientelle or consumer base would be willing to pay for it if at all, and without the factoring in of competitors, and
then you evaluate as to what is needed as supply, where it could come from, or whether if you have it, and
whether if its suppression can be leveraged in any way with the government and/or banks and/or any other key
party, and then you set about obtaining the necessary supply or property or capital where you might find it or
through leveraging on what the providing party needs or lacks, and hopefully at minimal cost or in exchange for a
small collateral, and then you might probably want to expand even more what is given or available through
exercising title on whatever title can be exercised on if at all and in this connection, and then you have to put all of
this accumulated stock toward negotiation on inventory costs and/or labour costs and with government or
governments and then use what you have to create the price attractive product firstly and then possibly achieve
future lowering of the cost of production and removal of one or more competitors, and then finally the product so
created out of this process will be delivered to the chosen or identified clientelle at the price agreed upon, and the
profit so gained will be distributed across the ecosystem as per majority will. If any party has vested any equity
and/or debt at any point in this process then that can be treated as a product too and passed on to any unwitting
or willing clientelle on terms agreed upon relative to the risk present therein.

You will use the above model to demonstrate, for instance, how the government may raise finance for
infrastructure funding, where the word "clientelle" will obviously stand in for the voting public, and where the
word "supply" can obviously be taken as a reference to what is needed to cover the cost of production, and where
the infrastructure of choosing can be covered within the meaning of the word "product" as included in the above
model, or to demonstrate how a private institution such as a bank or a company or an asset management firm or
investment banking firm may raise finance to fund something to generate a profit out it, in which case the word
"clientelle" will obviously not mean the voting public but a private institution or citizen instead, and where the
word "supply" will retain its meaning, whereas the word "product" can mean anything - from a consumer product
to a financial product to an asset that is physical or otherwise or it could even be a debt instrument or equity stock.

Formula A:

Y = ∑_{i=1}^{N} ∑_{j=1}^{M} ∫_{t=0}^{Ttime} f(Ms, Res, Dd, Ss, Pprice, Cost, Ls, Ww, Tran, Bp, Gp, Intr, Eq, Db, Ex,
Comp, Mon, Rpr, AssRe, Prm, Sav, Inv, Con, X, Mscb, BkP, BkL, Gi, ExI, Pc, Rp, AssRe, Sc, CInc, WwP, DdP, NP, Tcb,
Tg, GaB, PEBe, PrCBe, WrI, CnI, CBkP, IBkP, SBkP, LgBkP, CmBkP, IBkB, CBkB, FIBe, MFBkP, HFBkP, PrEQP, VCP, IIBe,
RIB, MP, FGP, CrB, InAB, NPB, HB, AcB, TTBe, MB, UF, NI, K, NR, LS, WOcc, Gp, GBC, DTF, MCat, BiTF, AGS, MFCon,
MFInv, ExcR, TrP, GrI, GdS, TPR, TPref, RAv, DAB, MIR, AdEx, FPI, MPI, EnCAcc, IAR, CRg, IRg, TrR, TxIn, FRg, CP, CaR,
II, FiR, BC, Trf, TA, MiR, MaR, HetA, BiTF, SFC, ProdI, ElS, ExRTr, GPtra, CbT, AdvEf, WlEf, HlEf, Comp, CI, ICR, HHI,
FMSh, Eoe, PDf, StrC, Collu, BE, EconS, MA, AnR, CompD, CAIM, ComB, GTMo, AucM, ConMr, MonC, Olig, Monop,
MonopB, TaxE, ResA, PopE, Pric, ImpG, ExE, Kap, LabF, ExpP, IntRt, ExpR, ImpR, RegI, FinMrI, MonB, DIsp, BCCre,
AgCD, AgCon, AgCS, AgPrI, EndCA, ExCA, MO, ForG, CRatingA, IndusA, CenB, PubB, PrivB, InvB, InsuC, PenF, MutF,
HedgeF, PrivEq, VenCap, InstInv, RetlI, NtnP, IncRedist, BankLend, BankProf, TransA, BankPB, GovtPl, IntRatA, EqF,
DebtF, ExFrm, CompM, MonoM, RentPO, Ret_assets, ProfMar, ProdSh, TradeBal, GDPd, HouseIncG, FinMR,
LabMktF, CGELink, ForEcoS, InvFS)
Where:

N = Number of economic agents

M = Number of goods/services

Ttime = Time horizon

And the variables represent:

Ms = Money supply

Res = Available resources

Dd = Product demand

Ss = Product supply

Pprice = Product prices

Cost = Input costs

Ls = Labor supply

Ww = Wages

Tran = Transactions

Bp = Bank policies

Gp = Government policies

Intr = Interest rates

Eq = Firm equity

Db = Firm debt

Ex = Firm extractions

Comp = Competition

Mon = Monopolization

Rpr = Property rents

AssRe = Asset returns

Prm = Profit margins

Sav = Personal savings

Inv = Investments
Con = Consumption

X = Other minor variables

Mscb = Money supply changes by central bank

BkP = Bank profit motive

BkL = Bank lending

Gi = Government interventions

ExI = Institutional extractions

Pc = Production costs

Rp = Rents from production

AssRe = Asset returns

Sc = Supply chains

CInc = Costs incurred

WwP = Wages paid

DdP = Product demand

NP = Nationalization policies

Tcb = Transactions affected by central bank

Tg = Transactions affected by government

GaB = Government agency behaviors

PEBe = Public enterprise behaviors

PrCBe = Private company behaviors

WrI = Worker incomes

CnI = Consumer incomes

CBkP = Central bank policies

IBkP = Investment bank policies

SBkP = Small bank policies

LgBkP = Large bank policies

CmBkP = Commercial bank policies

IBkB = Investment bank behaviors

CBkB = Commercial bank behaviors

FIBe = Financial institution policies

HFBkP = Hedge fund policies

PrEQP = Private equity policies

VCP = Venture capital policies

IIBe = Institutional investor policies

RIB = Retail investor behaviors

MP = Multilateral policies

FGP = Foreign government policies

CrB = Credit agency behaviors

InAB = Industry association behaviors

NPB = Non-profit behaviors

HB = Household behaviors

AcB = Academia behaviors

TTBe = Think tank behaviors

MB = Media behaviors

UF = Utility functions

NI = National income

K = Capital stock

NR = Natural resources

LS = Labor supply

WOcc = Wages by occupation

Gp = Goods prices

GBC = Government spending by category

DTF = Disaggregated trade flows

MCat = Multiple consumer expenditure categories

BiTF = Bilateral trade flows

AGS = Adaptive government spending

MFCon = Microfoundations of consumption

MFInv = Microfoundations of investment

ExcR = Exchange rate impacts

TrP = Trade policy impacts

GdS = Categories of goods/services

TPR = Trading partner regions

TPref = Time preferences

RAv = Risk aversion

DAB = Disaggregated agent behaviors

MIR = Macroeconomic interrelationships

AdEx = Adaptive expectations

FPI = Fiscal policy impacts

MPI = Monetary policy impacts

EnCAcc = Endogenous capital accumulation

IAR = Interdependencies across regions

CRg = Regulations on consumption

IRg = Regulations on investment

TrR = Regulations on trade

TxIn = Income taxes

FRg = Financial regulations

CP = Consumer protections

CaR = Capital requirements

II = Investment incentives

FiR = Fiscal rules

BC = Budget constraints

Trf = Tariffs

TA = Trade agreements

MiR = Microprudential regulations

MaR = Macroprudential regulations

HetA = Heterogeneity across agents

BiTF = Bilateral trade flows

SFC = Social factors in consumption

ProdI = Productivity impacts on investment

ElS = Election impacts on spending

GPtra = Geopolitical impacts on trade

CbT = Carbon tariffs

AdvEf = Advertising effects

WlEf = Wealth effects

HlEf = Health effects

Comp = Competition

CI = Competitive intensity

ICR = Industry concentration ratios

HHI = Herfindahl-Hirschman Index

FMSh = Firm market share

Eoe = Ease of entry/exit

PDf = Product differentiation

StrC = Competitive strategies

Collu = Collusion/cartels

BE = Barriers to entry

EconS = Economies of scale

MA = Mergers and acquisitions

AnR = Antitrust regulations

CompD = Competitive dynamics over time

CAIM = Competition across international markets

ComB = Competitor behaviors

GTMo = Game theory models

AucM = Auction models

ConMr = Contestable markets

MonC = Monopolistic competition

Olig = Oligopolies

Monop = Monopolies

MonopB = Monopsonies

TaxE = Taxes paid by entity

ResA = Resources available to entity

Pric = Price of good

ImpG = Imports of good

ExE = Expectations of entity

Kap = Capital stock

LabF = Labor force

ExpP = Expected profitability

IntRt = Interest rates

ExpR = Exports by region

ImpR = Imports by region

RegI = Regulation impacts

FinMrI = Financial market impacts

MonB = Monetary base

DIsp = Disposable income

BCCre = Bank credit creation

AgCD = Aggregate consumer demand

AgCon = Aggregate consumption

AgCS = Aggregate consumption spending

AgPrI = Aggregate private investment

EndCA = Endogenous capital accumulation

ExCA = Exogenous capital accumulation

MO = Multilateral organizations

ForG = Foreign governments

CRatingA = Credit rating agencies

IndusA = Industry associations

CenB = Central banks

PubB = Public banks

PrivB = Private banks

InvB = Investment banks

InsuC = Insurance companies

PenF = Pension funds

HedgeF = Hedge funds

PrivEq = Private equity firms

VenCap = Venture capital firms

InstInv = Institutional investors

RetlI = Retail investors

Formula B:

Step 1 (followed by Step (i)): Draw a table of 3 columns where you will evaluate within the table E1, E2 and so on
as "profit", as profit is the objective of Formula B, using the below steps, where E1, E2 and so on will be displayed
along the column heads, and where the below steps i.e. Steps 2 to 11 shall be represented in the rows, and where
each respective step from Step (i) to Step (ii) shall be analyzed individually with respect to the corresponding
column head in the table i.e., as a multiple of the corresponding column head (such as in E1 * Step 2, E1 * Step 3,
E2 * Step 2, E2 * Step 3, and so on).

Step (i): Identify potential product or service based on perceived or anticipated consumer demand.

Step (ii): Research costs of production/supply, including materials, labor, regulations etc.

Step (iii): Evaluate competitive landscape and viability of controlling or limiting supply. Consider opportunities for
monopolization.

Step (iv): Secure necessary capital/funding, whether through self-funding, loans, investors etc. Minimize costs by
leveraging what you can offer in return.

Step (v): Use capital and control of supply to minimize production costs as much as possible.

Step (vi): Remove competitors through pricing strategies, leveraging government regulations, or other methods.

Step (vii): Set optimal market price based on consumer willingness/ability to pay and production costs.

Step (viii): Distribute profits across stakeholders according to equity stakes, loans, interests etc.
Step (ix): Treat access to capital/funding as a product itself to be priced and sold to investors based on risk.

Step (x): Continuously re-evaluate costs, pricing, competition, regulations etc. to maximize profitability over time.