DIVISION ENGINEERING

&
CONSTRUCTION

DRAINAGE PHILOSOPHY

DRAINAGE PHILOSOPHY Page 1

 CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Foreword
1.2 Philosophy and Objectives
1.3 Scope

2.0 APPLICABLE STANDARDS, CODES AND REFERENCES

2.1 Standards and Codes

2.2 References

3.0 HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

4.0 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 General

5.0 SPECIFIC DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Process Areas

5.2 Storage Tanks
5.3 Drainage From Buildings

6.0 OPEN DRAIN SYSTEM

6.1 General
6.2 Design Capacity
6.3 Design Requirements
6.4 Manholes and Gullies
6.5 Retention Pond
6.6 Corrosion and Erosion
6.7 Sampling and Analysis

7.0 CLOSED DRAIN SYSTEM

7.1 General
7.2 Design Capacity
7.3 Design Requirements

7.4 LPG and Condensate Drains – Low Temperature Closed Drain

7.5 Corrosion and Erosion
7.6 Sampling and Analysis

8.0 SPARING AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS

8.1 Open Drains

8.2 Closed Drains

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9.0 LOCATION AND ACCESS REQUIREMENTS

9.1 Open Drains

9.2 Closed Drains

10.0 INSTRUMENT, CONTROL AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

ABBREVIATIONS

CA Contracting Authority
CPF Central Processing Facility
F&G Fire & Gas
FGS Field Gathering Station
GRP Glass Reinforced Plastic
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
ppm Parts per Million
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SGS Safe Guarding System

DRAINAGE PHILOSOPHY Page 3

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Foreword
.
This document represents the Contracting Authority’s (CA) Design Philosophy
on Open & Closed Drains.

1.2 Philosophy and Objectives

The primary objective of this document is to provide guidance to discipline

engineers in progressing a conceptual design through to detailed design,
based on design / operational requirements. The goal being to ensure that the
CA’s design principles, goals and objectives, and operating and maintenance
requirements are incorporated into the design and operation of the facility.
The facilities must be designed with open and closed drains systems to
support process operations) that are reliable, flexible and safe to operate and
maintain.
The systems must be as simple as possible to achieve the required effluent
specifications and design flow rates. System design must be based on similar,
field proven practices utilized within similar harsh, remote desert
environments. Use of proprietary process or equipment designs should be
avoided. The design shall incorporate the use of robust process technology
suitable for a desert environment.
The use of unproven equipment or process configurations is not preferred.

1.3 Scope

The philosophy requirements apply to all piping and equipment associated

with the open and closed drainage of the Central Processing Facility (CPF)
plant areas and equipment. The open and closed drainage shall comprise of
the following systems:

 Hazardous Open Drain

 Non-Hazardous Open Drain
 Closed Drain
 Low Temperature Closed Drain

The systems shall include, but not be limited to, the following equipment:

 Hazardous & Non-Hazardous Open Drain collection systems

 Closed Drain collection system
 Low Temperature Closed Drain collection system
 Open Drain Collection Separator
 Collection Separator Water Pumps (if required)

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  Collection Separator Oil Pumps
 Retention Pond
 Closed Drain Drum
 Closed Drain Pumps

The philosophy does not include requirements for:

 Drainage / sewerage from office buildings, workshops,

warehouses, control buildings, electrical substations / switch
rooms, etc. (refer to Waste Management Study,
 Hot oil drains (refer to Design Philosophy– Heating Medium,
 Glycol drains(refer to Design Philosophy – Gas Dehydration

 Drainage at the Flow Gathering Stations (FGS) and Well sites

(refer to Design Philosophy – Offsite Wellhead and Field
Gathering Station-

2.0 APPLICABLE STANDARDS, CODES AND REFERENCES

2.1 Standards and Codes

The following are key standards and codes applicable to this philosophy. Any
equipment or systems installed shall also comply with other relevant
Standards, Specifications, Industry Codes, Algerian Laws and Sonatrach
Standards.

API Spec 12J Oil and Gas Separators

ASME VIII Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
ANSI/ASME B31.3 Process Piping
API RP 14C Analysis, Design, Installation and Testing of Basic
Surface
Safety Systems for Offshore Production Platforms
API RP 14E Design & Installation of Offshore Production Platform
Piping Systems
API RP 520 Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure Relieving
Systems in Refineries
API RP 521 Guide for Pressure Relieving and Depressuring Systems
API Std 610 Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Heavy Duty Chemical
and Gas Industry Services
ISO 9000-9004 Quality Management and Quality Assurance Standard

2.2 References

Reference should be made to the following project documents:

 Basis of Design
 Environmental and Site Data

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  Design Philosophy – Overpressure Protection, EmergencyBlow
down, Flare and Venting
 Design Philosophy - Heating Medium
 Design Philosophy – Chemical Injection
 Design Philosophy – Instrument & Plant Air
 Design Philosophy – Fuel Gas
 Design Philosophy – Nitrogen
 Design Philosophy – Offsite Wellhead and Field Gathering Station
 Design Philosophy – Inlet Reception Facilities
 Design Philosophy – Separation & Stabilization
 Design Philosophy – Gas Dehydration
 Design Philosophy – Gas Compression & Re-injection
 ELM-PFC-PR-PHL-0022 Design Philosophy – NGL Recovery
 Design Philosophy – LPG Storage and Export
 Design Philosophy – Oil and Condensate Storage and Export
 Design Philosophy – Gas and Liquid Metering & Allocation
 ELM-PFC-PR-PHL - Design Philosophy - Pigging
 Design Philosophy - Isolation
 Waste Management Study
 Integrated Control System Philosophy (includes SGS, F&G and
SCADA)
 Field Instruments Philosophy
 Design Philosophy – Plant Layout and Piping
 Loss Prevention Philosophy
 Fire & Gas Detection Philosophy
 Emergency Shutdown and Safeguarding Philosophy
 Design Philosophy – Mechanical Handling
 Design Philosophy – Noise and Vibration
 General Specification for Skid Mounted Process Equipment
Packages
 General Specification for Unfired Pressure Vessels
 General Specification for Heavy Wall Pressure Vessels
 General Specification for API 610 Pumps

3.0 HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

All facilities installed shall comply with the Loss Control Philosophy and
Emergency Shutdown and Safeguarding Philosophy requirements in addition
to the following:

 The design should cater for zero discharge /emissions in normal

operation. Contractor should consider ways to minimize emissions
during maintenance operations.
 Drainage systems shall be designed to prevent potential gas
routes from one area to another through the drains. Particular
attention should be given to avoidance of flow from hazardous to
non-hazardous areas and also between hazardous areas.

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  The design shall not permit pressures to build up inside
drainage systems to the extent that flow of hazardous materials to
non-hazardous areas could occur due to blockage.
 Open drains from hazardous and non-hazardous areas shall be
routed separately to the treatment facility.
 Hazardous and non-hazardous areas shall be separated as
defined by the hazardous area drawings.
 The inlet lines to the collection tanks/sumps shall terminate
below liquid low level to prevent back flow of hydrocarbon gas
from the treatment system.
 If a vent is required for the collection separator, it shall terminate
at an elevated safe location. The minimum height above grade or
a nearby structure shall be 3 meters.
 Hydrocarbon gas from the closed drain system shall be routed
to the flare system for burning or recovery.
 The liquid drain from the closed drain system shall be routed
back to the production train via the re-run system for recovery of
hydrocarbons.
 Use of aquifer water and potential impact on the aquifers shall be
minimized.
The drainage system shall be designed to recover and recycle
water as much as possible.
 The drainage system collection, treatment and disposal shall not
cause any damage to the environment by leaking potentially
harmful fluids or exhausting gases to the atmosphere. No
contamination of the local area should be possible, even during
periods of installation and maintenance.
 Consideration should be given to the provision of safety life-belts
near retention pond(s), unless the water depth is very shallow at
all time

4.0 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 General

4.1.1 The basic requirement for the drainage system is to provide a safe,
reliable and economic system for the collection and transport of effluents and
surface water to treatment areas and discharge points. The design should pay
particular attention with regard to the safety of Personnel, Equipment and the
Environment. Due regard should be given to the effect of effluent beyond the
point of discharge with respect to quantities and quality of the effluent. The
overall system should be kept as simple as possible in terms of construction,
operation and maintenance.

4.1.2 It is essential for the drainage system to be considered in the very early
stages of the design of a plant as part of the initial infrastructure development
and layout. Life cycle requirements shall be considered, initial construction,
early production, future expansion, etc.

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4.1.3 Consideration must be given in the design stage with respect to the use
of corrosion
resistant materials (GRP & Plastics) in non-flammable service.

4.1.4 The design must prevent potential gas routes from one area to another,
especially from hazardous to non-hazardous.

4.1.5 Process units must be paved and divided into catchment areas, these
must be arranged to drain into an open drain system in such a way as to
prevent, in a fire incident, the spread of firewater and/or flammable liquids to
unaffected areas.

4.1.6 The system capacity must take into consideration phased construction
and life cycle requirements, with consideration of expansion to the drainage
system without the use of hazardous, high energy, hot work.

4.1.7 Every effort should be made to reduce unnecessary mixing of water, oil
and chemicals before entering the drainage system e.g. oil slops can be
collected in drums and not poured into the drains, solid wastes can be
screened and local separators used. Such procedures should be developed
and equipment provided so that waste is reduced.

4.1.8 Separate drainage, containment, treatment recycling or disposal

systems shall be considered for the following:

 Laboratory wash water that may contain toxic chemicals.

Separated facilities to treat or collect and dispose of toxic
chemicals shall be provided.
 Lube oil from compressors and turbines. Drainage, recovery,
storage, make-up and recycling should be considered.

 Hot oil for recycling - A dedicated closed system for hot oil
should be provided with drainage lines, recovery vessel and
recycle pumps. The hot oil supplier should be consulted to
determine what treatment is required if on-site treatment is
possible. If on-site treatment is not possible suitable storage and
transportation shall be provided for offsite treatment or disposal.
For further details refer to the Design Philosophy - Heating
Medium

 Oils from workshops - Recovery and recycling facilities should be

considered.

 Chemical handling and injection areas - Containment and

disposal facilities shall be provided. For further details refer to the
Design Philosophy – Chemical injection
 Glycol equipment - Recovery and recycling facilities should be
considered. For further details refer to the Design Philosophy -
Gas Dehydration

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5.0 SPECIFIC DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Process Areas

5.1.1 Process units shall be paved and divided into catchment areas to
contain water usingpaving gradients and kerbing/bunds. The catchment areas
shall be arranged and drained into the open drain system in such a way as to
prevent, in a fire incident, the spread of firewater and/or flammable liquids to
unaffected areas.

5.1.2 The shape and size of the catchment area draining to each
manhole/gully should be related to the process equipment which it surrounds,
so that ideally any leakage of liquids from that equipment will not be directed
under any other item of equipment before reaching a drainage system. This
layout should be determined at an early stage of design, in conjunction with
the plant layout and using risk assessment techniques. The size of each
catchment area should be minimized, while taking account of the most
efficient drainage layout.

5.1.3 Within process areas, paving should be sloped at a gradient no flatter

than 1-in-80 in large open areas or 1-in-60 in restricted areas. The vertical fall
across paving should not exceed 250 mm. The use of 100 mm
kerbing/bunding around the perimeter of the catchment area and around
sensitive process units will aid containment of firewater and the separation of
effluents.

5.1.4 In determining the shape and features of each catchment area, it is im

portant to maintain safe and convenient access routes for people and
vehicles. Kerbs in certain areas may create trip hazards and limit vehicle
access - ramps may be necessary.

5.1.5 Process equipment drain connections should be via tundishes. Where

several process drains connect to the open drain system at the same or
closely adjacent locations, collector drains and branches may be used. In
such cases the collector drain shall be connected direct to a manhole, and
trapped on entry.

5.2 Storage Tanks

5.2.1 Water draw-off from oil and condensate storage tanks and roof drains
(floating roofs only) should be drained to the open drain system. The
connection to the drainage system should be valved outside the bund.

5.2.2 Sight glasses should be installed to monitor draining activities from

water draw off drains at tank bottom.

5.2.3 Rain and firewater from storage tank/sphere areas should be drained by
the open drain system. The connection to the drain system should be valved
outside the bund

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5.3 Drainage From Buildings

5.3.1 Floor drains in pump or compressor houses shall be connected to the

open drain system via fully trapped and vented manholes. There shall be no
possibility of hazardous gases entering the building from the drainage system.
Consideration shall be given to the provision of an interceptor to prevent lube
oil entering the open drain system.

5.3.2 No drains are permitted within control rooms. In other areas of control
buildings, electric substations, switch rooms and battery rooms, the
appropriate type of drainage systems (usually sewage wastewater) are
allowed in a specific facility (ie. kitchens, toilets, etc. within the control
building).

5.3.3 To maintain control over waste disposal, laboratory collection points

should be used. Uncontaminated waste liquids can be drained to the sewage
wastewater system via normally closed valved connections. This is to prevent
damage to bacteria in the sewage digestion system.

6.0 OPEN DRAIN SYSTEM

6.1 General

6.1.1 The layout of the open drain system must be decided at the same time
as the plant layout. Its constructability must be considered, to keep excavation
work to a minimum.

6.1.2 Open Drain system design must be adequately sized and fit for purpose.

6.1.3 The open drain system shall collect rainwater, firewater, fire-fighting
foam solution, wash-down water and spillage of liquids from equipment drip
trays and bunded areas. Manually controlled drainage of equipment via open
tundishes shall also be routed to the open drain system, except equipment
containing LPG.

6.1.4 Those equipment drains which require observation during operation

shall be discharged to the open drains via an open tundish equipped with a
filter, rather than by connection to the closed drain system (except equipment
containing LPG). Equipment shall be arranged so as to minimise release of
flammable and/or toxic vapours in such applications.

6.1.5 The open drain system shall be a vented piped gravity drain type. All
drain headers shall be sloped, minimum slope 1:200. The manhole inlets shall
be trapped and manholes vented. Traps are required to prevent the spread of
fire. Vents are required to maintain atmospheric pressure in each section of
pipe and avoid pressure locks developing in the system. Gullies shall also be
trapped. Vapours expelled from the system should be kept to a minimum.

6.1.6 An oil skimming and treatment facility (collection separator) shall be

installed to provide adequate oil / water separation prior to the cleaned water

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being routed / pumped to the retention pond. The separation should not be
assisted by chemical additives during normal operation. A method for removal
of solids from the inflow to the separator should be considered. The top of the
separator shall be covered to prevent / minimize ingress of sand / dust.

6.1.7 The cleaned water shall preferably flow by gravity to the retention pond.
If this is not possible due to insufficient head, or otherwise, the water shall be
pumped to the pond by the automatically operated collection separator water
pumps.

6.1.8 Recovered oil skimmed from the collection separator shall be recycled
to the oil / condensate re-run system by the automatically operated collection
separator oil pumps

6.1.9 Pumps shall be low shear design and capable of handling solids. They
shall be provided with suction strainers, fitted with differential pressure
measurement.

6.1.10 Consideration must be given to providing an oily water fill point, which
will allow liquids to be entered into the treatment facility. The design should
allow for transfer, using Vac Truck or Bowser type vehicle, therefore road
access is required.

6.1.11 Adequate identification and tagging must be applied to the system. The
tagging should identify each manway, rodding points, indicating area
coverage.

6.2 Design Capacity

6.2.1 The open drain system should be designed for the greater of the
following:
 Peak rainfall in 24 hours period plus normal effluent.
 Maximum firewater for 2 hours plus normal effluent.

6.2.2 The cleaned water effluent to the retention pond shall have a maximum
oil-in-water content of 20 ppm.

6.2.3 The normal effluents flow continuously in comparatively limited volumes,

drainage systems carrying these effluents shall not be allowed to flood.

6.2.4 Velocity in the system shall not exceed 1.2 m/s in order to avoid
emulsification and excessive erosion.

6.2.5 Minimum flow at which deposited solids are flushed out shall be
considered in the design. Systems shall not be oversized and minimum flow
velocities should be maintained. Where the minimum flow velocity cannot be
maintained, facilities shall be available to routinely flush the drainage system.

6.2.6 The system capacity should take into consideration phased construction
and life cycle requirements.

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6.3 Design Requirements

6.3.1 If the collection separator is of concrete construction then suitable lining

shall be considered.

6.3.2 Drainage piping system design shall accommodate thermal

expansion/contraction of lines, resulting from the temperature range of
effluents

6.4 Manholes and Gullies

6.4.1 Where rainwater and firewater are to be drained from paved areas, a
combined manhole gully in the centre of each catchment area shall be
provided.

6.4.2 Consideration should be given to constructing the manhole cover as a

slab, with casting lifting lugs. It can be removed for construction and major
repairs, enabling work to be carried out safely and efficiently.

6.4.3 Sealed manhole covers shall be used within or adjacent to process area
limits and other hazardous areas, and in offsite areas on manholes which are
trapped or located near roadways.

6.4.4 For all drainage systems a manhole identification system shall be

provided. All manholes should have cast on to them a code which identifies
the type of effluent, a reference to the area it services and an identification
number. This should be cast into the top of the manhole lid, or be a corrosion
proof plate. Arrows showing connections, flow direction and diameters shall
also be shown.

6.4.5 Gullies shall be designed to slope towards the outlet, such that they do
not remain permanently liquid-filled. Use of weirs in gullies generally should
be avoided. Gullies should be covered with grating.

6.5 Retention Pond

6.5.1 A retention pond shall be required for the cleaned water. The following
requirements shall apply:

 Maximum feed rate shall be the design throughput of cleaned

produced water from the oil production trains for 24 hours, in case
of shutdown of the water injection system, refer to the Basis of
Design
 Permanently installed oil reclamation facilities shall be provided
to recycle any oil from the retention pond.

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  Minimize size of pond by maximizing oil recovery from the water in
the upstream oil skimming and treatment unit.
 Suitable facilities shall be provided to allow cleaning of solids,
wind blown sand, etc. The cleaning facilities shall be designed to
prevent damage to the pond lining.
 Evaporation rates should be based on winter conditions.

6.6 Corrosion and Erosion

6.6.1 The design of the system shall consider all potential types of spillage,
chemicals etc. that can have impact on selection of material and surface
protection.

6.6.2 The characteristics of all materials present in the system should be

assessed. These include the estimated maximum and minimum rates of flow,
concentration, the maximum temperature (and temperature fluctuations) of
the effluent, possible chemical reactions, effluent pressure upon entry and
details of any possible future additional materials in the system. Every effort
should be made to segregate clean and contaminated water.

6.7 Sampling and Analysis

6.7.1 Sample connections shall be provided on the cleaned water line to the
retention pond. Provisions shall be made for future installation of an on-line
oil-in-water analyzer.

7.0 CLOSED DRAIN SYSTEM

7.1 General

7.1.1 The layout of the closed drain system must be decided at the same time
as the plant layout. Its constructability must be considered, to maintain
excavation work to a minimum.

7.1.2 Closed drain system design must be adequately sized and fit for
purpose.

7.1.3 The closed drain system shall collect hydrocarbon liquid drains from
equipment (including field instrumentation) and piping, de-gas the products
safely and recycle of the liquid to the production train.

7.1.4 All drainage shall be gravity fed to the closed drain drum. All drain
headers shall be sloped, minimum slope 1:200.
7.1.5 Drain sources of different pressure (class) rating shall not be manifolded
together. Drains from each rating shall be routed directly and separately to the
closed drain header. The closed drain header should be of one class rating.

7.2 Design Capacity

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7.2.1 Sizing of the closed drain system should be based on draining the low
low liquid level of the largest item of equipment (slug catcher, HP separator,
etc.) to be drained to the closed drain drum. The closed drain drum shall be
sized to accommodate this volume within the normal working volume of the
drum.

7.2.2 Minimum flow at which deposited solids are flushed out shall be
considered in the design. Systems shall not be oversized and minimum flow
velocities maintained. Where the minimum flow velocity cannot be maintained
facilities shall be available to routinely flush the drainage system
.
7.2.3 The system capacity should take into consideration phased construction
and life cycle requirements.

7.2.4 The closed drain drum shall be designed for liquid retention time
suitable to achieve proper degassing

7.3 Design Requirements

7.3.1 The system shall be able to receive liquid from all sources at their
operating temperatures.

7.3.2 Due to depressurization of the sources before draining, temperatures

below minimum ambient can be expected for the system. However, the need
for draining under such circumstances shall be evaluated. Heating shall be
considered for the closed drain drum.

7.3.3 The pressure rating of pipe work and fittings on closed drainage
systems shall reflect the most severe upstream process temperature and
pressure conditions which may

be applied to the system if blockage or overloading occurs. This pressure

rating should be applied from the drainage source to the connection at the
main drain header. Appropriate pressure rating is particularly important where
autorefrigeration may cause ice or hydrate formation, or where waxy or
viscous materials are being blown-down. All discharges to the system shall be
controlled.

7.4 LPG and Condensate Drains – Low Temperature Closed Drain

7.4.1 Low temperature closed drain lines, for cold/dry service from LPG and
condensate vessels, shall be kept separate from any wet oil drainage lines, to
avoid blockage by hydrate and ice. Trace heating of the lines may also be
required, with instrumentation to indicate blockages.

7.4.2 Where large quantities of cold liquids are to be drained, provision of a

routing to the low temperature flare drum, or a separate LPG flare/drain
vessel, should be considered.

DRAINAGE PHILOSOPHY Page 14

7.4.3 Full consideration of the minimum design temperatures and Joule-
Thompson effect across drain valves shall be taken when selecting the
materials of the closed drain system. Segregation of low temperature systems
should be considered.

7.4.4 Valved flushing points shall be provided on closed drain lines on

cold/dry service to permit methanol flushing when hydrate formations require
clearing.

7.5 Corrosion and Erosion

7.5.1 Materials selection for the closed drain system should take account of
the drained fluids properties, and the pressure and temperature upon entry to
the system and throughout the system (including temperature fluctuations).

7.6 Sampling and Analysis

7.6.1 There is no requirement for sampling connections in the closed drain

system.

8.0 SPARING AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS

8.1 Open Drains

8.1.1 Pumps, filters and the collection separator shall be provided with block
valves for isolation of equipment to allow removal for maintenance.

8.1.2 The collection separator should have sloped bottom and sump to ease
cleaning.

8.1.3 The collection separator shall be fitted with flushing facilities for the
removal of sludge accumulations.

8.1.4 Two 100% collection separator oil pumps shall be provided. If collection
separator water pumps are installed, two 100% pumps shall be provided.

8.1.5 All manhole gullies, gully-traps and tundishes shall be provided with
rodding points. Rodding points should preferably be provided which do not
require access to the manholes.

8.1.6 Valves may be incorporated into open drain systems to isolate sections
of pipe for maintenance and future expansion. Where located underground
these should be mounted in suitable concrete valve pits.

8.1.7 Tundishes and gullies shall be designed for easy plugging to prevent HC
gas migration during hot-work.

8.1.8 The retention pond shall be designed with separate compartments to

allow for maintenance and clean-out of solids/sludge

DRAINAGE PHILOSOPHY Page 15

8.2 Closed Drains

8.2.1 Spool piece(s) at pump flanges shall be provided for easy removal of
pump(s). Lifting arrangement shall also be provided for this purpose.

8.2.2 Two 100% Closed Drain Pumps shall be provided.

8.2.3 Preferred location for pumps are outside the collection tanks.
8.2.4 All loop seals should be fully roddable or flanged to permit removal in
the event of a blockage.

8.2.5 All drainage pipe runs shall be fully roddable. Rodding and flushing
points to be provided as required to achieve this.

8.2.6 Access to rodding points shall be considered in detail during design

development.

8.2.7 Spade isolation shall be provided to enable facilities to be isolated

where required during construction/commissioning, and for maintenance
without complete shut down of the plant. The required number and location of
spade isolation points shall be determined during detailed design. Spades
shall be located in accessible and prominent positions.

8.2.8 Isolation spade points shall be provided with a valve on each side of the
spade. If more than one production train is being provided, then the drains
shall each be provided with spade isolation to allow one train to be maintained
without shutdown of the process. There should be provision for separate
draining connections on isolated sections of line, where breaking of flanged
joints is not a practicable method of draining. These connections will allow
purging prior to removal or reinstatement of a spade.

8.2.9 The valves selected for isolation duty in drainage collection headers
shall be fullbore to facilitate rodding, and to allow liquids and silt to be freely
discharged.

9.0 LOCATION AND ACCESS REQUIREMENTS

9.1 Open Drains

9.1.1 The layout of the open drain system should be decided at the same time
as the plant\ layout. The drainage system layout shall take into consideration
phased construction and planned future plant developments.

9.1.2 The collection separator shall be located such that gravity draining is
possible from all sources.

9.1.3 Internal safe and secure access shall be provided to the collection
separator to allow cleaning and removal of solids.
9.1.4 The retention pond shall be located within the fenced boundary of the
site.

DRAINAGE PHILOSOPHY Page 16

9.1.5 Main drain lines should run along the edge of plant areas and roads
whenever possible, to minimise the impact of future drainage work on
operational areas.

9.1.6 Manhole locations should be determined at an early stage in layout

design. This will allow vents to discharge in safe areas with the minimum
length of underground vent pipe.

9.1.7 Manholes should generally not be located in access-ways within

process units or where crane outriggers may be placed. When located outside
or on the edge of process units, they should, where possible, be at least 5
meters (16 ft) from the edge of any road.

9.1.8 Traps and manhole covers shall be level with grade.

9.1.9 Access to sumps via manholes should be by portable wooden ladders.

However, step irons should also be provided in all sumps to allow escape in
emergencies

9.2 Closed Drains

9.2.1 The layout of the closed drain system must be decided at the same time
as the plant layout. The drainage system layout shall take into consideration
phased construction and planned future plant developments.

9.2.2 The closed drain flash drum should be located such that gravity draining
is possible from all sources.

10.0 INSTRUMENT, CONTROL AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

Please refer to the following instrumentation and control philosophies for
general instrumentation requirements:

 Integrated Control System Philosophy

 Field Instruments Philosophy
 Emergency Shutdown and Safeguarding Philosophy
 Gas and Liquid Metering & Allocation Philosophy

In addition to the general requirements above, below are requirements

specific to the Open and Closed Drains System:

 Instrument types shall be suitable for the presence of

solids/sludge. Care shall be taken to prevent "plugging" of
impulse/operating bridles and rodding facilities considered for
these lines. Consideration shall be given to using instruments
fitted with chemical seals.

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