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RAM and ROM

Primary memory, also known as main memory, directly stores and retrieves data from the CPU. It is made up of RAM and ROM. RAM is volatile and stores active programs and data, losing information when powered off. It is divided into DRAM and SRAM. ROM is non-volatile and stores fixed programs like an operating system. ROM includes PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM which can be programmed once, erased by exposure to ultraviolet light, and electronically erased, respectively.

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37 views2 pages

RAM and ROM

Primary memory, also known as main memory, directly stores and retrieves data from the CPU. It is made up of RAM and ROM. RAM is volatile and stores active programs and data, losing information when powered off. It is divided into DRAM and SRAM. ROM is non-volatile and stores fixed programs like an operating system. ROM includes PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM which can be programmed once, erased by exposure to ultraviolet light, and electronically erased, respectively.

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jibranktk111
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PRIMARY MEMORY:

The primary memory or the main memory is part of the main computer system. The processor or
the CPU directly stores and retrieves information from it. This memory is accessed by CPU, in
random fashion. That means any location of this memory can be accessed by the CPU to either
read information from it, or to store information in it.
There are two types of memory CPU
1. RAM
2. ROM

1)RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)


RAM is used to store programs and data that are being used by the computer. When the
computer is turned on the RAM is empty. Data and programs can be put into RAM from either
an input device or backing store.
The data in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off so it is known as Volatile Memory. To
keep data the user must save it to backing store before the computer is turned off.
RAM is further divided in to two types
 DRAM (Dynamic Random access Memory)
 SRAM (Static Random access Memory)
2) READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
The contents of ROM are permanent. It cannot be altered by the user. The content is written onto
the ROM when it is first made. ROM keeps its contents even when the computer is turned off
and so is known as Non-Volatile Memory.
On some computers a special piece of software called the operating system is stored in ROM.
ROM is also often used in embedded systems where a small built-in computer is used to control
a device such as a washing machine. The program that controls the machine is stored on ROM.
TYPES OF ROM
ROM is further divided in to three types
 PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory)
 EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only
Memory)
 EEPROM (Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
PROM
PROMs are manufactured as blank chips on which data can be written with a special device
called a PROM programmer. The data can be written once with special equipment. (Blank
CD/DVD)
EPROM
A rewritable memory chip that holds its content without power. EPROM chips are written on an external
programming device before being placed on the mother board. (R/W CD/DVD)
EEPROM
A rewritable memory chip that holds its content without power. EEPROMs are typically used on
circuit boards to store instructions and data. (USB and external memory card)

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