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Analaysis Short Circuit Summary

The document summarizes short circuit studies, including: 1) Impedance values used to calculate short circuit currents from generators, motors, and transformers over different time periods; 2) Sources of short circuit currents from utilities, motors, and generators; 3) Factors that determine equipment withstand ratings and circuit breaker interrupting ratings under fault conditions.

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mohamad arifin
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71 views10 pages

Analaysis Short Circuit Summary

The document summarizes short circuit studies, including: 1) Impedance values used to calculate short circuit currents from generators, motors, and transformers over different time periods; 2) Sources of short circuit currents from utilities, motors, and generators; 3) Factors that determine equipment withstand ratings and circuit breaker interrupting ratings under fault conditions.

Uploaded by

mohamad arifin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SHORT CIRCUIT STUDY SUMMARY

1. Impedance Transformer IEC 60076-5 2000

2. MVA short circuit system berdasarkan Voltage untuk system US dan Europe

3. The asymmetrical current value could be a multiple of three to five times the
symmetrical value, or higher. (Electrical Calculation Handbook by John M Pascal)

Mohamad Arifin Power Engineer of REKIND Page 1 of 10


4. When fault current flows through switchgear or a circuit breaker, the bus bars
therein are attracted to one another and then are forced apart from one another at
a frequency of 50 or 60 times per second depending on the frequency of the power
source. This equipment must be braced to with-stand these forces, and this bracing
is rated and is called the withstand rating of the equipment. (Electrical Calculation
Handbook by John M Pascal)
5. The interrupting rating of a circuit breaker depends largely on how fast its contacts
can operate to begin to interrupt the current flow in the circuit. A breaker that is
extremely fast, with a contact parting time of, say, one cycle, must be able to
interrupt. Fuses, on the other hand, are able to open and interrupt fault current in
less than ¼ cycle. (Electrical Calculation Handbook by John M Pascal)
6. There are three basic sources of short-circuit currents:
a. The electrical utility
b. Motors (Synchronous motors, Induction motors)
c. On-site generators
(Electrical Calculation Handbook by John M Pascal)

Mohamad Arifin Power Engineer of REKIND Page 2 of 10


7. Short Circuit Rotating Machine

8. Impedance of a rotating machine changes with time.


➢ Subtransient Reactance (Xd”)
Apparent reactance of the stator winding at inception of a short‐
circuit for the first few cycles
➢ Transient Reactance (Xd’)
Reactance of the stator that is used after the first few cycles to approxim
ately 0.5 seconds
➢ Synchronous Reactance (Xd)
Reactance used for steady state solutions

9. Symmetrical Current

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10. Offset Current

11. Asymmetrical Current

12. Typical Short Circuit

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13. Contribution Short Circuit difference source

14. Allowable short circuit margin of equipment between calculation is min 10% until
15%.

15. Generator
This subtransient value occurs immediately after a short circuit and only continues
for a few cycles. The subtransient reactance (Xd”) value is used because it produces
the most short-circuit current.

Mohamad Arifin Power Engineer of REKIND Page 6 of 10


(Electrical Calculation Handbook by John M Pascal)

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16. Motor
The locked-rotor value occurs immediately on motor energization and also
immediately after a short circuit. locked-rotor current characteristics is known,
normally, a value of six times the motor full-load current is assumed. Dividing 100
percent current by 600 percent current produces the normally assumed X″ motor
value of 0,17. for calculations involving motors smaller than 50 horsepower (hp),
the 0,17 value must be increased to 0, 20.

(Electrical Calculation Handbook by John M Pascal)

Mohamad Arifin Power Engineer of REKIND Page 8 of 10


17. Transformer
The maximum amount of power (the fault capacity) that the transformer will permit
to flow from one side of the transformer to the other side.

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18. Cable
A length of cable is a series impedance that limits short-circuit current. We assume
that power source is infinite as follow:

19.

20.

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