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Friction Notess

Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact. It is caused by the interlocking of irregularities on surfaces. There are different types of friction including static, sliding, rolling, and fluid friction. Friction can be increased by pressing surfaces together more or making them rougher, and decreased by lubrication, polishing surfaces, or replacing sliding with rolling motion. While friction opposes motion and causes wear, it also enables important functions and can be advantageous or disadvantageous depending on the situation.

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69 views3 pages

Friction Notess

Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact. It is caused by the interlocking of irregularities on surfaces. There are different types of friction including static, sliding, rolling, and fluid friction. Friction can be increased by pressing surfaces together more or making them rougher, and decreased by lubrication, polishing surfaces, or replacing sliding with rolling motion. While friction opposes motion and causes wear, it also enables important functions and can be advantageous or disadvantageous depending on the situation.

Uploaded by

mokshithakapoor657
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL ELECTRONIC CITY

SUBJECT: SCIENCE NOTES


CLASS VIII

FRICTION

Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion between two surfaces of objects in contact.
The force of friction always acts in a direction opposite to that of the applied force.

Causes of Friction: Friction is caused by the interlocking of irregularities in the surfaces of the two
objects which are in contact with each other.

Factors that affect Friction


-Roughness or nature of the surface
-The extent of force with which the two surfaces are pressed together

TYPES OF FRICTION:

Static Friction: When a body is at rest, the force of friction is called the static friction and is always equal
and opposite to the applied force.
The force of friction which acts when the body is just at the verge of sliding on the surface is called
limiting friction.

Sliding friction: The frictional force present when one object moves slowly (or slides) over the surface of
another object, is known as sliding friction.

Rolling Friction: When an object rolls over a surface, the friction created is called rolling friction.
Magnitude of rolling friction is less than sliding friction. Rolling reduces friction.

Fluid Friction: The force that tries to slow objects down when they move through a liquid or a gas
(fluid). It's also known as "drag", or "air resistance".

Effects of Friction
 Friction produces heat.
 Friction causes wear and tear.
 Friction opposes motion.

Advantages of Friction
 Friction between pen and paper enables us to write/draw on the paper.
 Friction between our feet and the ground allows our movements like standing, walking and running.
 Friction between the surface of the road and tyres of our vehicles allow the vehicles to move without
slipping.
 Friction enables us to apply break and slow down or stop a car.
 It helps us to hold and pickup things
 Nails and screws are held in place by friction.

Disadvantages of Friction
 Friction causes moving objects to stop or slow down.
 Friction produces heat causing wastage of energy in machines.
 Friction causes wear and tear of moving parts of machinery, soles of shoes, tyres etc.

Increasing Friction:
 By pressing the surfaces together more strongly.
For e.g. when brakes are applied on a bicycle or car, the brake pads press against a moving part of the
wheel and the force of friction increases.
 Friction can be increased by increasing the roughness of the surfaces in contact.
For example, treading of shoes and tyres is done to increase friction.

Reducing Friction:
 Friction between the sliding surfaces of two objects can be reduced by making the surfaces in contact
smooth by polishing them.
 Sliding friction between the moving parts of vehicles and machinery can be reduced by using oil,
grease, graphite or any other lubricant.
 Rolling friction is less than sliding friction. Hence, sliding friction is replaced by rolling friction by
using rollers, like ball bearings between the hub and the axles in the moving parts of machines and
vehicles.
Friction is reduced by providing wheels, e.g. suitcase, school bags of kids, etc.
 Airplanes, boats, fishes and birds which move through fluids have bodies of special shape, called
streamlined shape, so as to reduce the friction due to fluid and avoid energy loss.

QUESTION AND ANSWERS


Q1. Give reasons for the following:
a. Brake pads used in brake system of automobiles and cycles?
Ans: Brake pads are used in order to increase friction. When we are driving the vehicle, the pads do not
touch the wheels but as soon as we apply brake lever, the pads press against the rim and arrest the motion
of rim due to friction and wheels stop moving.
b. We sprinkle powder on carom board?
Ans: When powder is sprinkled on carom board, it smoothens the surface and reduces friction and makes
sliding smoother and easier between striker and board.
c. We apply oil and grease on moving parts of a machine?
Ans: When oil and grease are applied on the moving parts of a machine, it forms a thin layer and the moving
surfaces do not directly rub with each other so, interlocking can be avoided to great extent. That is the reason
oil and grease is recommended for machine.
d. We suddenly slip if we step on a banana peel accidentally?
Ans: A person slips on the banana peel because a banana peel has a slippery surface and it offers very less
friction to the ground.
e. Friction called ‘a necessary evil’?
Ans: We cannot walk, write and drive without friction. In certain cases like the motion of machines, wear
and tear of machines, loss of energy, friction is an ‘evil’.
Q2: What is meant by lubrication? Why is it important?
Ans: The use of lubricants like oil and grease helps to reduce friction by forming a thin film between the
different parts of a machine. This film covers up the scratches and bumps present on the surfaces of different
parts and thus, makes the surface more even than before. This reduces interlocking between the two surfaces,
and hence, the parts of the machine run smoothly.
Q3. What is a spring balance?
Ans: A spring balance is a device which measures the force acting on an object. It contains a coiled spring.
When a force is applied on it, the spring gets stretched. The pointer moves on the scale showing the
magnitude of the force.
Q4. What is a measure of static friction?
Ans: The force required to overcome friction at an instant an object starts moving from rest is a measure of
static friction.
Q5. What is a measure of sliding friction?
Ans: The force required to keep the object moving with the same speed is a measure of sliding friction.
Q6. Why is it easier to move the box already in motion than to get it started?
Ans. When the box starts sliding, the contact points on its surface, do not get enough time to lock into the
contact points on the floor. So, the sliding friction is slightly smaller than the static friction. Hence, it is
somewhat easier to move the box already in motion than to get it started.

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