6 Department of Education-Region III

TARLAC CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION

Juan Luna St., Sto. Cristo, Tarlac City 2300
Email address: tarlac.city@deped.gov.ph/ Tel. No. (045) 470 - 8180

Science
Quarter 3: Week 1
Learning Activity Sheets

1
 Science 6

Name of Learner: _______________________________ Date: ____________

Section: _______________________________________ Q3W1

Friction
Background Information for Learners

Friction is a force that slows down movement. It is produced when two surfaces rub
together. (Del Prado, 2009) Friction produces heat. (Greaves and Loadman, 2004)

When the carpenter uses its grinder to cut metal bar, you
hear an annoying sound and see some little sparks
because of the friction produced between the grinder disk
spinning and the metal bar.

There are a lot of activities you cannot do without friction. (Del Prado, 2009) Below
are some examples:

Figure 1: https://www.pexels.com/photo/smiling- Figure 2: https://www.pexels.com/photo/smiling- Figure 3: https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-

young-woman-opening-bottle-on-white- young-woman-opening-bottle-on-white- of-person-writing-on-notebook-834897/
background-4498314/ background-4498314/
The friction between our shoes The friction between our The friction between the paper
and the ground gives us grip fingers and the bottle cap helps and the tip of the ballpen helps
when we are walking. us to open the bottle. us to write on our notebook.
Friction is lesser on a smooth surface. The object moving on it takes a longer time to
slow down and stop. The use of lubricant or oil, rollers, wheels and bearings also lessen
friction. Water also makes smooth surfaces slippery. (Del Prado, 2009)

This slide has lesser friction since it has smooth surface. The child enjoys
playing on the slide because the lessened friction helps him to slide faster
and smoothly.

Figure 4: https://www.pexels.com/photo/boy-playing-on-slide-in-playground-2143761/

Kinds of Friction
1. Static Friction – is the friction existing between two objects in contact with each other that
are not moving.
A pencil lying on your table, the books on a shelf, and a bag
resting on a chair possess static friction. There are two surfaces
rubbing each other in each situation – the pencil and the table,
the books and the shelf, and the bags and the chair. There is
static friction between these pairs of objects. The objects remain
at rest because of the balanced forces they exert toward each
other. (San Pablo, 2016)
Figure 5: https://www.pexels.com/photo/back-to-school-flatlay-5088007/

2
 2. Sliding Friction - is the type of friction that occurs when the bumps and hollows on the
surfaces of two materials resist against each other. There is sliding friction when two solid
surfaces slide over each other.

Figure 6: Figure 7: https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman- Figure 8: https://www.pexels.com/photo/chair-

https://www.pexels.com/photo/crop-person- in-green-button-up-shirt-sitting-on-chair-4107219/ color-entertainment-fun-261348/
with-computer-mouse-5745010/

Sliding friction is produced in instances such as pushing and pulling the mouse of your
computer and pushing a flat iron on the cloth during ironing. You can also experience sliding
friction when you play on slides in the swimming pools. (San Pablo, 2016)

3. Rolling Friction - is the force between a wheel or roller and the surface which it is in
contact with. Some examples of situations that illustrate rolling friction include:

Figure 9: https://www.pexels.com/photo/white- Figure 11: https://www.pexels.com/photo/

suv-near-building-1771833/ Figure 10: https://www.pexels.com/photo/sport- person-wearing-blue-skinny-jeans-riding-black-
alley-ball-game-4192/ longboard-3018938/
a. wheels of a moving car on b. bowling balls rolling on an c. the wheels of the
the road alley skateboard played by the
teenager in a park
4. Fluid Friction – is a force that resists an object that falls through the air or moves in water.
(Adduru, Ocampo, Silas, Valencia, and Villona, 2007)

When a boat sails across the ocean, fluid friction from air and
water opposes its motion.

Figure 12: https://www.pexels.com/photo/sail-boat-in-water-33689/

Ways of Reducing Friction

Too much friction between two objects could be dangerous, work-delaying, and annoying. Here are
some ways of reducing or decreasing friction. (Obra L. and Obra R., 2011)

Figure 13: https://www.pexels.com/photo/white-and-red-roller-skates-

2005992/
1. Change sliding friction to rolling friction by 2. Use of lubricants such as oil and wax reduce
using a rollers or wheels. if not totally remove the squeaking sound of
hinges of doors and windows.
3
Figure 14: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special: Figure 16: https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-hold-wood-planer-374861/
Search&limit=20&offset=20&profile=default&search=bearing&advancedSear
ch-current={}&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/
File:Bearing_render.png

Figure 15: https://www.pexels.com/photo/black-and-gray-road-bike-

1616566/
3. The use of ball bearings on bicycles reduce 4. By smoothening the surface. Carpenters use
the friction between moving surfaces. a plane to smoothen surface of wood.

Ways of Increasing Friction

belt

Figure 17: https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-photo-of-black-and-silver- Figure 18: https://www.pexels.com/photo/baby-s-red-and-white-low-top-

car-engine-3757226/ sneakers-2271522/
1. Belts of machines are made rough so that 2. Wear rubberized sandals and shoes instead
there is a greater friction between the belts of slippers on a smooth, wet, and cemented
and the surface they are in contact with. This surfaces, though slippers with corrugation
helps the machine work efficiently. can be worn.

Figure 19: https://www.pexels.com/photo/boy-in-yellow-t-shirt-and-gray- Figure 20: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:

pants-standing-on-gray-carpet-4144149/ Search&limit=250&offset=0&profile=default&search=Carabao&advanced
Search-current={}&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#
/media/File:Carabao_with_sled,_1899.jpg
3. Use carpet on floorings. 4. On a slippery road, farmers use a sled
instead of a cart.

How does friction affect motion?

When you are riding a car along a busy street, one of the parts of the car that you
would not want to go wrong are the brakes. The brakes are there to help the car stop. When
the driver steps on the brakes, a set of disks rub against the wheels to slow them down and
stop the car.
The rubbing that stops the wheels from turning is called friction. Friction is
what retards or stops motion. It results from the contact of two surfaces. All
surfaces, no matter how smooth, have rough spots that rub against one
another. It is the rubbing of the rough spots that creates friction. (Villegas,
2004)
The brakes of the bicycle rub against the wheel to hinder its rotation,
Figure 21:
therefore slowing down the bike.
https://www.pexels.com/
photo/vehicle-blur-
chrome-tire-1679622 4
 Even air creates friction. It rubs against moving things and slows
them down. Any object that moves through a liquid or gas
encounters fluid friction. Fluid friction depends on the shape of the
moving object.
Objects can be shaped so that they meet less
resistance as they move through fluids or air. To overcome air resistance,
planes that travel faster than sound have pointed nose, while ordinary
planes have rounded fronts and tapered backs. This allows for a smooth
flow of air around the plane. We call this way of reducing friction
streamlining. (Boac, 2007)
Figure 22: https://www.pexels.com/photo/air-air-force-air-travel-aircraft-348481/

Also, boats and submarines have pointed nose to

overcome water resistance.

How does friction affect the motion of objects on different surfaces?

Experience will tell you that it is easier to pull a box on a concrete floor than on soil. The
reason is friction. Friction occurs whenever two surfaces are rubbing against each other, and
the amount of friction depends upon the kind of materials and the roughness of the surfaces
that are rubbing against each other. (Villegas, 2004)

A In this illustration, object B will slide down faster because the board
where it slides on is smooth and has lesser friction while object A will
B slide down slowly because the board where it slides on is rough or has
greater friction. The roughness or smoothness of the surface of the
board affects the motion of the 2 objects.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of friction to objects?

Friction can be useful. Here are some of its advantages.

1. Friction helps us to walk steadily by providing our shoes grip on the ground.
2. Friction helps in stopping moving objects. For example, brakes use friction to slow down
or stop moving vehicles because of the rolling resistance against the wheels.
3. Friction helps you unscrew the tops or lids of bottles, jars, and cans. Twisting the tops of
the jars to open them creates sliding friction between the surface of the top and your
hands.
4. In wood fixtures, static friction holds nails and screws in place.
5. Friction is likewise use to make things smoother, as when sanding wood in pieces of
furniture.
6. Friction also helps you identify objects and determine how these objects should be
handled. When objects slip easily from your hand, it means that there is less friction
between your hand and the object. In contrast, you can grip a rough object with ease
because the high friction prevents it from slipping.
7. Friction produces heat between your hands when you rub them against each other.
Likewise, when you rub two sticks together, they will produce heat because friction occurs
between them. When you rub the sticks together long enough, the heat produced by the
friction may be sufficient to cause a spark and start a fire.

Friction has harmful effects too. Here are some of its disadvantages.
1. Friction wears away things. The tire of the vehicles, as well as the shoes and the clothes
you wear, are worn away by friction through repeated use. Moving and rubbing machine
parts gradually wear away because of friction which reduces the efficiency of these things.
5
2. You may hurt yourself or develop a bruise whenever your skin hits a rough surface or rub
yourself against it. It is generally difficult for soft skin to resist a hard and rough surface.
3. Friction also makes work harder at times, such as when moving a heavy appliance to
another place. Additional force is required to overcome friction between the appliance
and the floor.
Learning Competency with code: Infer how friction and gravity affect movements of
different objects (S6FE-IIIa-c-1)

Activity 1: Directions: Write True on the blank if the statement is correct and False if not.
_______1. Friction can cause a moving object to stop.
_______2. There is more friction on smooth surfaces.
_______3. Put oil on the ball bearings of a bicycle to lessen its friction.
_______4. You can walk because there is friction between your shoes and the floor.
_______5. You can light a match stick through friction.
_______6. Rollers and wheels create lesser friction on surfaces.
_______7. Friction can make objects move fast.
_______8. Friction can be both useful and harmful.
_______9. You see some little sparks when you rub together pieces of stones because of
friction.
_______10. It is safe to run on wet floors because it has less friction.

Activity 2: Directions: Identify the kind of friction in each situation. Write static if the
situation shows a static friction, sliding if sliding friction, rolling if rolling friction and fluid if
fluid friction.
______ 1. books resting on the shelves
______ 2. traveler pulling a baggage on the ramp of the airport
______ 3. a boy going down the slide in a pool
______ 4. a mother opening a lid of a glass jar container
______ 5. a girl swimming in a pool
______ 6. your brother pushing a cabinet near the bed
______ 7. an athlete biking from home to school
______ 8. a boy playing his kite on a windy day
______ 9. workers putting down the hollow blocks using a slanted wooden plank
______ 10. the pupils writing on a piece of paper

Activity 3: Directions: Read the situation carefully and answer the question that follows.

Maria put four objects on a tray namely: eraser, scissors,

matchbox and pencil sharpener. She slowly tipped it up and the
objects started to slide down one after the other.

The pencil sharpener slid first.

The matchbox slid next.
The scissors slid third.
The rubber eraser slid last.

Questions:

1. Which object has more friction with the tray?

A. scissors B. matchbox C. eraser D. sharpener
2. Which object has least friction with the tray?
A. scissors B. matchbox C. eraser D. sharpener

6
 3. What will happen to the friction if Maria added oil on the tray?
A. There will be lesser friction between the tray and the objects.
B. There will be greater friction between the tray and the objects.
C. There will be no change on the amount of friction on the tray.
D. There will be no friction between the tray and the objects.

Activity 4: Directions: Write useful if the situation shows that friction is an advantage and
harmful if it is a disadvantage.
___________1. Friction between our shoes and the floor stops us from slipping.
___________2. Your younger sister pushing a cabinet.
___________3. A boy drew his pet on a piece of paper.
___________4. Tires of a car loses its tread.
___________5. The friction between the lid and the bottle that covers or seals
the container.
___________6. Clothes worn out every time we wear and wash them.
___________7. Friction between tires and the road stops cars from skidding.
___________8. The boy tripped and got bruise on his knee.
___________9. A mother lighting a matchstick.
__________10. Friction between the brakes and wheel aids bikes and cars to slow down.

References:
Adduru, Myrna Q., Ocampo, Laura V., Silas, Catherine C., Valencia, Nicetas G., and Villona, Hayda M.,
Cyber Science 4, Manila, Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI), 2007, 223
Boac, Amelia M., Science and Life 4, Makati City, SalesianaBOOKS by Don Bosco Press, 2007, 189
Del Prado, Natividad A., Science and Health 4, Manila, Vicarish Publication and Trading, Inc. 2009, 188-189
Greaves, Simon and Loadman, Anne., KS2 Science, London, Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, 2004, 31
Obra, Leodencio T. and Obra, Leny C., Exploring Science 4, Quezon City, St. Bernadette Publising House
Corporation, 2003, 146-149
San Pablo, Jovita H., Real-life Science 6, Quezon City: Abiva Publishing House, Inc. 2016, 328-333

Online Resources
Accessed December 30, 2020:
Figure 1: https://www.pexels.com/photo/smiling-young-woman-opening-bottle-on-white-background-4498314/
Figure 2: https://www.pexels.com/photo/smiling-young-woman-opening-bottle-on-white-background-4498314/
Figure 3: https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-person-writing-on-notebook-834897/
Figure 4: https://www.pexels.com/photo/boy-playing-on-slide-in-playground-2143761/
Figure 5: https://www.pexels.com/photo/back-to-school-flatlay-5088007/
Figure 6: https://www.pexels.com/photo/crop-person-with-computer-mouse-5745010/
Figure 7: https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-in-green-button-up-shirt-sitting-on-chair-4107219/
Figure 8: https://www.pexels.com/photo/chair-color-entertainment-fun-261348/
Figure 9: https://www.pexels.com/photo/white-suv-near-building-1771833/
Figure 10: https://www.pexels.com/photo/sport-alley-ball-game-4192/
Figure 11: https://www.pexels.com/photo/person-wearing-blue-skinny-jeans-riding-black-longboard-3018938/

Accessed December 31, 2020:

Figure 12: https://www.pexels.com/photo/sail-boat-in-water-33689/
Figure 13: https://www.pexels.com/photo/white-and-red-roller-skates-2005992/
Figure 14: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&limit=20&offset=20&
profile=default&search=bearing&advancedSearchcurrent={}&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns1
06=1#/media/
Figure 15: https://www.pexels.com/photo/black-and-gray-road-bike-1616566/
Figure 16: https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-hold-wood-planer-374861/
Figure 17: https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-photo-of-black-and-silver-car-engine-3757226/
Figure 18: https://www.pexels.com/photo/baby-s-red-and-white-low-top-sneakers-2271522/
Figure 19: https://www.pexels.com/photo/boy-in-yellow-t-shirt-and-gray-pants-standing-on-gray-carpet-
4144149/
Figure 20: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&limit=250&offset=0&profile
=default&search=Carabao&advancedSearchcurrent={}&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#
/media/File:Carabao_with_sled,_1899.jpg
Figure 21: https://www.pexels.com/photo/vehicle-blur-chrome-tire-1679622/

7
Accessed January 2, 2021:
Figure 22: https://www.pexels.com/photo/air-air-force-air-travel-aircraft-348481/

Answer Key:

Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4

1. True 1. Static 1. C 1. Useful
2. False 2. Rolling 2. D 2. Harmful
3. True 3. Sliding 3. A 3. Useful
4. True 4. Sliding 4. Harmful
5. True 5. Fluid 5. Useful
6. True 6. Sliding 6. Harmful
7. False 7. Rolling 7. Useful
8. True 8. Fluid 8. Harmful
9. True 9. Sliding 9. Useful
10. False 10.Sliding 10. Useful

Prepared by:

ADOR L. ISIP
Burot Integrated School - Teacher III
Writer/Illustrator/Layout Artist