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Grade 4

The document provides information about living things and skeletons. It discusses how the skeleton supports the body, protects organs, allows for movement, and helps the body grow. It describes how muscles work with bones to enable movement and lists benefits of movement for health. The document also categorizes different types of vertebrate and invertebrate animals based on their skeletons and defines key terms like exoskeleton and identification key. Finally, it discusses medicine, infectious diseases, and how various germs can infect people, animals, and some plants.

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Rawsht Sdiq
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509 views12 pages

Grade 4

The document provides information about living things and skeletons. It discusses how the skeleton supports the body, protects organs, allows for movement, and helps the body grow. It describes how muscles work with bones to enable movement and lists benefits of movement for health. The document also categorizes different types of vertebrate and invertebrate animals based on their skeletons and defines key terms like exoskeleton and identification key. Finally, it discusses medicine, infectious diseases, and how various germs can infect people, animals, and some plants.

Uploaded by

Rawsht Sdiq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SCIENCE GRADE 4

CHAPTER 1
LIVING THINGS

PREPARED BY: RAWSHT SDIQ

RUNAKI DUHOK PRIMARY


2023-2024
Grade 4
Chapter 1

Living Things:

Living things can move, breath, sense, grow, reproduce.

1.1: Bones and Skeletons:


Skeleton: is a strong frame that supports our body from the inside.

An adult’s skeleton made of 206 bones, these bones are different in size and
shape.

Model: helps us understand how something works and it is look like.

1.2: Why we need skeleton?


What are the functions of skeleton?
1. For protection
2. Give us a shape
3. Help us to move
4. Help us to grow
1: For protection: skeleton will protect our organs.

2: Give us a shape: the bones of our skeleton forms a frame that supports and gives the body
its shape.

3: Help us to move: our skeleton help us to move in different ways by joining and
working of our skeleton with our muscles.

4: Help us to grow: we grow and get bigger, because our skeleton grows and get
bigger.

1.3: Skeleton and Movement:


Muscles make us move: The muscles attached to the bones. Muscles allow us to move, run,
sit, stand, bend, stretch, by working with skeleton.
Muscles pull the bones that they attached for movement, Muscles work by (Contract and Relax).

Contract: is when the muscles get shorter.

Relax: is when the muscles get longer.

Muscles always work in pair, it mean we don’t have any single muscle, it must be
in pair, when one is contract the other one must be relax. The muscle that contract
will pull the bone to move.

Movements keeps us healthy:


We use our muscles to move, jump, climb, Movement is good for our
bodies. Movement helps to keep us healthy in different ways. Like
following:

Movement:
1. makes your heart and lungs work better.
2. makes your muscles and bones stronger.
3. lets you stretch your body easily.
4. helps you to stop you from getting some illness.
5. helps you think better.
6. puts you in a good mood

1.4: Different kinds of skeletons:


Animals with bones:
The animals that bones inside their body and the have backbone we called these
animals vertebrate.
While those animals that doesn’t have backbone, we called them invertebrate.
Vertebrates: are animals with backbone.

Invertebrates: are animals without backbone.

Vertebrates divide to 5 major classes:

AMPHIBIANS

BIRDS REPTILES

VIRTIBRATES

FISHES MAMMALS
Virtibrates
Virtibrates have backbone

Fishes Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals


They live in the water,
They live in the water and on the
land, their body covered with a dry scales, their body covered with feathers, they have fur or hair,
they have find instead of arms and
legs, their body covered with smooth, most reptiles live on land like snakes..., they have wings instead of arms, most of them live on the land like:
their body covered with scales wet skin, cows....
some repriles live in the water like: most birds can fly like: pigeon...
Example: Fishes... they have arms and legs. crocodiles... some mammals live in the water like:
some birds cannot fly like: ostrch....
dolphins and whales...
Example: Frogs....

INVERTIBRATES

WITHOUT
WITH EXOSKELETON
EXOSKELETON

Invertibrates

they don't have backbone

With exoskeleton Without exoskeleton

They don't have a hard outer


They have a hard outer layer or layer or shell that support and
shell that support and protect the protect the animal. like:
animal worm, jellyfish,....
Identification key: helps us to identify the animals for different classes.
In identification key we have to find the animal by asking some questions, but we have to ask about the
main characteristics of the animal like the following:

And this is for identify different animals like vertebrates and invertebrates:
1.5: Medicine and infectious disease:
Medicine: is help us to get healthy when we are sick.
Medicine stop (prevent) us from getting ill.

Taking medicine safely: medicines make us better, but we have to take them properly and
safely. We will follow the written instruction on it.

Instruction: is a written on the medicines that tell us how much


and how often you should take the medicine.
How we take medicines: we can take medicine in different ways. Like the following:

1. Injection
2. Inhaler
3. Cream or Ointment
4. Drip

1: injections: we use some medicine as injections that stop (prevent) us


from getting illness like: Flu, Measles….. these injections are called
vaccinations.

2: Inhalers: We use inhalers for breathing problem like: asthma……

3: Cream or Ointment: we use cream and ointment for stop insect bites itching and for skin
problems.

4: Drip: we someone is very sick in hospital, he must get the medicine directly
into their blood through a drip.
Infectious disease: is a disease that caused by very tiny living things we call
germs.

Germs: are the very tiny living things that can be found in everywhere and cause of
infectious disease

People, animal, and plants can all have infectious disease.

People can get infectious disease like: Flu, Measles, Malaria….

Plants can get infectious disease from different parts like: leaf blast…..

Bird flu is an infectious that infect the Birds, humans, and other animals.
Note (it is not infect plants)

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