Submitted By:

in partial ful ilment for the award of the degree

Of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
At

Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET)

Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya (GKV)
Haridwar

Submitted to:-
1. Course completion Certi icate from CAD PLANET .

2. Acknowledgement

3. History of Designing & Part Modelling

4. Introduction to SolidWorks

 4.1. Sketches
 4.1.1.1. Origin
 4.1.1.2. Planes

4.2. Dimensions

 4.2.1.1. Driving Dimensions

 4.2.1.2. Driven Dimensions
 4.2.1.3. Sketch De inition

4.3. Relations

 4.3.1.1. Sketch Complexity

 4.4. Features

 4.5. Assemblies

 4.6. Drawings

 4.7. Model Editing

It is my pleasure to be indebted to various people, who directly or
indirectly contributed in the development of this work and who
in luenced my thinking, behaviour, and acts during the course of
study. I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Sanjeev Lambha
worthy Principal for providing me an opportunity to undergo
summer training at CAD LAB at Faculty of Engineering and
Technology, I am thankful to Mr. Siddharth Kanwar for his
support, cooperation, and motivation provided to me during the
training for constant inspiration, presence and blessings.
Lastly, I would like to thank the almighty and my parents for their
moral support and my friends with whom I shared my day-to-day
experience and received lots of suggestions that improved my
quality of work.

Pankaj kumar choudhary

216310018

M.E. (5th SEM)

Solid modelling (or modelling) is a consistent set of principles for
mathematical and computer modelling of three-dimensional solids. Solid
modelling is distinguished from related areas of geometric modelling and
computer graphics by its emphasis on physical fidelity.Together, the principles
of geometric and solid modelling form the foundation of computer-aided design
and in general support the creation, exchange, visualization, animation,
interrogation, and annotation of digital models of physical objects. The use of
solid modelling techniques allows for the automation of several difficult
engineering calculations that are carried out as a part of the design process.
Simulation, planning, and verification of processes such as machining and
assembly were one of the main catalysts for the development of solid
modelling. More recently, the range of supported manufacturing applications
has been greatly expanded to include sheetmetal manufacturing, injection
molding, welding, pipe routing etc. Beyond traditional manufacturing, solid
modelling techniques serve as the foundation for rapid prototyping, digital data
archival and reverse engineering by reconstructing solids from sampled points
on physical objects, mechanical analysis using finite elements, motion planning
and NC path verification, kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanisms, and
so on. A central problem in all these applications is the ability to effectively
represent and manipulate three-dimensional geometry in a fashion that is
consistent with the physical behavior of real artifacts. Solid modelling research
and development has effectively addressed many of these issues, and continues
to be a central focus of computer-aided engineering.
The historical development of solid modelers has to be seen in context of the
whole history of CAD, the key milestones being the development of the
research system BUILD followed by its commercial spin-off Romulus which
went on to influence the development of Parasolid, ACIS and Solid Modelling
Solutions. Other contributions came from Mäntylä, with his GWB and from the
GPM project which contributed, among other things, hybrid modelling
techniques at the beginning of the 1980s.
The modelling of solids is only the minimum requirement of a CAD system‟s
capabili es. Solid modelers have become commonplace in engineering
departments in the last ten years due to faster computers and compe ve
so ware pricing. Solid modelling so ware creates a virtual 3D representa on
of components for machine design and analysis. A typical graphical user
interface includes programmable macros, keyboard shortcuts and dynamic
model manipula on. The ability to dynamically re-orient the model, in real-
me shaded 3-D, is emphasized and helps the designer maintain a mental 3-D
image.
A solid part model generally consists of a group of features, added one at a
time, until the model is complete. Engineering solid models are built mostly
with sketcher-based features; 2-D sketches that are swept along a path to
become 3-D. These may be cuts, or extrusions for example. Design work on
components is usually done within the context of the whole product using
assembly modelling methods. An assembly model incorporates references to
individual part models that comprise the product.
Another type of modelling technique is 'surfacing' (Freeform surface
modelling). Here, surfaces are defined, trimmed and merged, and filled to
make solid. The surfaces are usually defined with datum curves in space and a
variety of complex commands. Surfacing is more difficult, but be er applicable
to some manufacturing techniques, like injec on moulding. Solid models for
injec on moulded parts usually have both surfacing and sketcher based
features.
SolidWorks is solid modelling CAD (computer-aided design) software that
runs on Microsoft Windows and is produced by Dassault Systèmes
SolidWorks Corp., a subsidiary of Dassault Systèmes, S. A. (Vélizy, France).
SolidWorks is currently used by over 2 million engineers and designers at
more than 165,000 companies worldwide.
Modules in SolidWorks
SolidWorks extends design application through full integration with best-
in-class solutions. Different Modules in SolidWorks:
o Part Modelling
o Assembly Modelling
o Surface Modelling
o Sheet Metal Design
o Drawing

Part Modelling:
This module produces parts easily and rapidly by creating features such as
extrudes, revolves, thin features, lofts, sweeps, advanced shelling, feature
patterns and holes.
The 3D part is the basic building block of the SolidWorks mechanical design
software. In SolidWorks you can design a part by sketching its component
shapes and de ining their size, shpe and inter relationships. By successfully
creating these shapes, called features, you can construct the part. The basic
modelling process for each part is as follows:
o Plan the part
o Create the basic features
o Analyse the remaining features
o Analyse the part
o Modify the features as necessary
Assembly Modelling:
Assembly design gives a user the ability to design with user controlled
associability. SolidWorks builds these individual parts and sub-assemblies into
an assembly in a hierarchical manner. This is based on the relationships defined
by the constraints.
SolidWorks assembly design reference parts directly and maintains
relationships when creating new parts. In the assembly module, you can
perform physical simulation and mechanical interaction between the parts and
avoid any potential design flaws.

Surface Modelling:
For designing dies, castings or injection moulds, surface modelling capability is
important. SolidWorks surface module can create complex models from
freeform shapes. You can create complex surfaces using lofts and sweeps with
guide curves, drag-handles for easy control and innovative surface features. The
basic process to create the surface model is as follows:

o Acquire the wireframe model

o Study the wireframe model
o Create and verify the required surface
o Output the surface model

Sheet Metal Design:

Sheet metal parts are generally used as enclosures for components or to provide
support to other component. We can design a sheet metal parts on its own
without any reference to the parts it will enclose, or you can design the part in
the context of an assembly that contains the enclosed components.

Drawing:
2D drawing module develops complete produc on ready engineering drawings
without drawing the sketches, makes revisions quickly and accurately, and
generates bills of materials and balloons automa cally, easily controlling and
alignment of balloons.
Features in SolidWorks:
SolidWorks is software developed for mechanical design engineers and
contains many features that facilitates the engineers to easily create and
manage designs. Some of the important features of SolidWorkds are as
follows:
o Feature-based
o Parametric
o Solid modelling
o Fully associative
o Constraints

Feature-based:
Just as an assembly is composed of number of individual piece parts, a
SolidWorks model also consists of individual constituent elements. These
elements are called as Features. The features are applied directly to the
work piece as soon as they are created.
Features can be classi ied as either sketched or applied.
Sketched Features: These are created directly upon a 2D sketch. Generally
the sketch is transformed into a solid by extrusion, rotation, sweeping or
lofting.
Applied Features: These are created directly on the solid model. Fillets and
Chamfers are examples of this type of features.

Parametric:
The dimensions and relations used to create a feature are captured and
stored in the model. This enables not only to capture your design intent,
but also to quickly and easily make changes to the model.
In the revolved body, hole size is reduced parametrically since all the
circles are driven by relations and dimension. A change in one hole re lects
the others.
Driving dimensions: These dimensions are used while creating a feature.
They include the dimensions associated with the sketch geometry, as well
as those associated with the feature itself.
Relations: This includes information, such as parallelism, tangency, and
concentricity. By capturing this in the sketch, SolidWorks enables you to
capture your design intent up front, in the model.
The sketch is the basis for most 3D models.
Creating a model usually begins with a sketch. From the sketch, you can
create features. You can combine one or more features to make a part.
Then, you can combine and mate the appropriate parts to create an
assembly. From the parts or assemblies, you can then create drawings.
A sketch is a 2D pro ile or cross section. To create a 2D sketch, you use a
plane or a planar face. In addition to 2D sketches, you can also create 3D
sketches that include a Z axis, as well as the X and Y axes.
There are various ways of creating a sketch. All sketches include the
following elements:

In many instances, you start the sketch at the origin, which provides an
anchor for the sketch.

The sketch on the right also includes a centerline. The centerline is

sketched
through the origin and is used to create the revolve.
Although a centerline is not always needed in a sketch, a centerline helps
to establish symmetry. You can also use a centerline to apply a mirror
relation and to establish equal and symmetrical relations between sketch
entities. Symmetry is an important tool to help create your axis-symmetric
models quicker.
You can create planes in part or assembly documents. You can sketch on
planes with sketch tools such as the Line or Rectangle tool and create a
section view of a model. On some models, the plane you sketch on affects
only the way the model appears in a standard isometric view (3D). It does
not affect the design intent. With other models, selecting the correct initial
plane on which to sketch helps you create a more ef icient model.

Choose a plane on which to sketch. The standard planes are front, top, and
right orientations. You can also add and position planes as needed. This
example uses the top plane.

You can specify dimensions between entities such as lengths and radii.
When you change dimensions, the size and shape of the part changes.
Depending on how you dimension the part, you can preserve the design
intent.

The software uses two types of dimensions: driving dimensions and driven
dimensions.

You create driving dimensions with the Dimension tool. Driving dimensions
change the size of the model when you change their values. For example, in
the faucet handle, you can change the height of the faucet handle from
40mm to 55mm. Note how the shape of the revolved part changes because
the spline is not dimensioned.
To maintain a uniform shape generated by the spline, you need to dimension
the spline.
Some dimensions associated with the model are driven. You can create
driven, or reference dimensions, for informational purposes using the
Dimension tool. The value of driven dimensions changes when you modify
driving dimensions or relations in the model. You cannot modify the values
of driven dimensions directly unless you convert them to driving
dimensions. In the faucet handle, if you dimension the total height as
40mm, the vertical section below the spline as 7mm, and the spline
segment as 25mm, the vertical segment above the spline is calculated as
8mm (as shown by the driven dimension).
You control design intent by where you place the driving dimensions and
relations. For example, if you dimension the total height as 40mm and
create an equal relation between the top and bottom vertical segments, the
top segment becomes 7mm. The 25mm vertical dimension con licts with
the other dimensions and relations (because 40-7-7=26, not 25). Changing
the 25mm dimension to a driven dimension removes the con lict and
shows that the spline length must be 26mm.

Sketches can be fully de ined, under de ined, or over de ined.

In fully de ined sketches, all the lines and curves in the sketch, and their
positions, are described by dimensions or relations, or both. You do not
have to fully de ine sketches before you use them to create features.
However, you should fully de ine sketches to maintain your design intent.
Fully defined sketches appear in black.
By displaying the entities of the sketch that are under de ined, you can
determine what dimensions or relations you need to add to fully de ine the
sketch. You can use the color cues to determine if a sketch is under de ined.
Under de ined sketches appear in blue. In addition to color cues, entities in
under de ined sketches are not ixed within the sketch, so you can drag
them.

Over de ined sketches include redundant dimensions or relations that are

in con lict. You can delete over de ined dimensions or relations, but you
cannot edit them.
Over de ined sketches appear in yellow. This sketch is over de ined because
both vertical lines of the rectangle are dimensioned. By de inition, a
rectangle has two sets of equal sides. Therefore, only one 35mm dimension
is necessary.

Relations establish geometric relationships such as equality and tangency

between sketch entities. For example, you can establish equality between
the two horizontal 100mm entities below. You can dimension each
horizontal entity individually, but by establishing an equal relation
between the two horizontal entities, you need to update only one
dimension if the length changes. The green symbols indicate that there is
an equal relation between the horizontal lines:
Relations are saved with the sketch. You can apply relations in the following
ways:

Interference: Some relations are created by inference. For example, as

you sketch the two horizontal entities to create the base extrude for the faucet
base, horizontal and parallel relations are created by inference.

Add Relations: You can also use the Add Relations tool. For example, to
create the faucet stems, you sketch a pair of arcs for each stem.
To position the stems, you add a tangent relation between the outer arcs and
the top construction line horizontal (displayed as a broken line). For each stem,
you also add a concentric relation between the inner and outer arcs.
Sketch Complexity:
A simple sketch is easy to create and update, and it rebuilds quicker.
One way to simplify sketching is to apply relations as you sketch. You can
also take advantage of repetition and symmetry. For example, the faucet
stems on the faucet base include repeated sketched circles:

Here is one way you can create this sketch:

Features:
Once you complete the sketch, you can create a 3D model using features
such as an extrude (the base of the faucet) or a revolve (the faucet handle).

Some sketch-based features are shapes such as bosses, cuts, and holes.
Other sketch-based features such as lofts and sweeps use a pro ile along a
path. Another type of feature is called an applied feature, which does not
require a sketch.
Applied features include illets, chamfers, or shells. They are called
“applied” because they are applied to existing geometry using dimensions
and other characteristics to create the feature.
Typically, you create parts by including sketch-based features such as
bosses and holes. Then you add applied features.
It is possible to create a part without sketch-based features. For example,
you can import a body or use a derived sketch. The exercises in this
document show sketch-based features.
You can combine multiple parts that it together to create assemblies.
You integrate the parts in an assembly using Mates, such as Concentric and
Coincident. Mates de ine the allowable direction of movement of the
components. In the faucet assembly, the faucet base and handles have
concentric and coincident mates.

With tools such as Move Component or Rotate Component, you can see
how the parts in an assembly function in a 3D context.
To ensure that the assembly functions correctly, you can use assembly tools
such as Collision Detection. Collision Detection lets you ind collisions with
other components when moving or rotating a component.

You create drawings from part or assembly models.

Drawings are available in multiple views such as standard 3 views and
isometric views (3D). You can import the dimensions from the model
document and add annotations such as datum target symbols.
Model Editing:
Use the SolidWorks FeatureManager design tree and the PropertyManager
to edit sketches, drawings, parts, or assemblies. You can also edit features
and sketches by selecting them directly from the graphics area. This visual
approach eliminates the need to know the name of the feature.

Edit Sketch:
You can select a sketch in the FeatureManager design tree and edit it. For
example, you can edit sketch entities, change dimensions, view or delete
existing relations, add new relations between sketch entities, or change the
size of dimension displays. You can also select the feature to edit directly
from the graphics area.

Edit Features:
Once you create a feature, you can change most of its values. Use Edit
Feature to display the appropriate PropertyManager. For example, if you
apply a Constant radius illet to an edge, you display the Fillet Property
Manager where you can change the radius. You can also edit dimensions by
double-clicking the feature or sketch in the graphics area to show the
dimensions and then change them in place.

Hide & Show:

With certain geometry such as multiple surface bodies in a single model,
you can hide or show one or more surface bodies. You can hide and show
sketches, planes, and axes in all documents, and views, lines, and
components in drawings.

Suppress & Surpass:

You can select any feature from the FeatureManager design tree and
suppress the feature to view the model without that feature. When a
feature is suppressed, it is temporarily removed from the model (but not
deleted). The feature disappears from the model view. You can then
unsuppress the feature to display the model in its original state. You can
suppress and unsuppress components in assemblies as well.

Rollback:
When you are working on a model with multiple features, you can roll the
FeatureManager design tree back to a prior state. Moving the rollback bar
displays all features in the model up to the rollback state, until you revert
the FeatureManager design tree back to its original state. Rollback is useful
for inserting features before other features, speeding up time to rebuild a
model while editing it, or learning how a model was built.
The training at FET Autocad Lab of Solidworks 3-D designing and
modelling software was a great learning experience. It gave an
insight to the knowledge about machines tool’s design and
modelling parts.
Through this training, I have gained a thorough knowledge about
computer modelling of three-dimensional solids and computer
graphics and kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanisms and
so on.

So, all in all it was a wonderful learning experience for me, working
under high grade professionals and understanding the
massiveness of the market. This knowledge and experience would
be of immense help in future.