4:38 2029/0104 RAID level 0,1, 5, 8 and 10 | Advantage, disadvantage, use Prepressure Prepress, printing, PDF, PostScript, fonts and stuff. = Search RAID RAID is a technology that is used to increase the performance and/or reliability of data storage The abbreviation stands for either Redundant Array of Independent Drives or Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks, which is older and less used. A RAID system consists of two or more drives working in parallel. These can be hard discs, but there is a trend to also use the technology for SSD (Solid State Drives). There are different RAID levels, each optimized for a specific situation. These are not standardized by an industry group or standardization committee. This explains why companies sometimes come up with their own unique numbers and implementations. This article covers the following RAID levels + RAID 0 striping RAID 4 — mirroring RAID 5 — striping with parity RAID 6 — striping with double parity RAID 10 — combining mirroring and striping The software to perform the RAID-functionality and control the drives can either be located on a separate controller card (a hardware RAID controller) or it can simply be a driver. Some versions of Windows, such as Windows Server 2012 as well as Mac OS X, include software RAID functionality. Hardware RAID controllers cost more than pure software, but they also offer better performance, especially with RAID 5 and 6. RAID-systems can be used with a number of interfaces, including SATA, SCSI, IDE, or FC (fiber channel.) There are systems that use SATA disks internally, but that have a FireWire or SCSI- interface for the host system. Ox Download Flutter SDK llect visitor statistics. The ad ne, You are free tol you dislike their use. Got it Activate Paranoid Mode hntips:mww.prepressure.comlibraryechnologytaid sas;4:98 202819724 ADD level, 1, 5,8 and 10 | Advantage, disadvantage uso Sometimes disks in a storage system are defined as JBOD, which stands for Just a Bunch Of Disks, This means that those disks do not use a specific RAID level and acts as stand-alone disks. This is often done for drives that contain swap files or spooling data. Below is an overview of the most popular RAID levels: RAID level o - Striping In a RAID 0 system data are split up into blocks that get written across all the drives in the array. By using multiple disks (at least 2) at the same time, this offers superior I/O performance. This performance can be enhanced further by using multiple controllers, ideally one controller per disk. RAIDO striping RAID 0 - Striping Advantages of RAID o + RAID 0 offers great performance, both in read and write operations. There is no overhead caused by parity controls, + All storage capacity is used, there is no overhead. + The technology is easy to implement. Disadvantages of RAID 0 + RAID 0 is not fault-tolerant. If one drive fails, all data in the RAID 0 array are lost. It should not be used for mission-critical systems. Ideal use RAID 0 is ideal for non-critical storage of data that have to be readiwritten at a high speed, such as on an image retouching or video editing station If you want to use RAID 0 purely to combine the storage capacity of twee drives in a single llect visitor statistics. The ad ne, You are free tol you dislike their use. Got it Activate Paranoid Mode hntips:mww.prepressure.comlibraryechnologytaid 21884:38 2029/0104 RAID level 0,1, 5, 8 and 10 | Advantage, disadvantage, use RAID level 1 - Mirroring Data are stored twice by writing them to both the data drive (or set of data drives) and a mirror drive (or set of drives). If a drive fails, the controller uses either the data drive or the mirror drive for data recovery and continuous operation. You need at least 2 drives for a RAID 1 array. RAID 1 mirroring RAID 1 Mirroring Advantages of RAID 1 + RAID 1 offers excellent read speed and a write-speed that is comparable to that of a single drive, + Incase a drive fails, data do not have to be rebuild, they just have to be copied to the replacement drive. + RAID 1 isa very simple technology. Disadvantages of RAID 1 + The main disadvantage is that the effective storage capacity is only half of the total drive capacity because all data get written twice. + Software RAID 1 solutions do not always allow a hot swap of a failed drive. That means the failed drive can only be replaced after powering down the computer it is attached to. For servers that are used simultaneously by many people, this may not be acceptable ‘Such systems typically use hardware controllers that do support hot swapping Ideal use RAID-1 is ideal for mission critical storage, for instance for accounting systems. It is also suitable for small servers in which only two data drives will be used. RAID level 5 - Striping with parity llect visitor statistics. The ad ne, You are free tol you dislike their use. Got it Activate Paranoid Mode hntips:mww.prepressure.comlibraryechnologytaid 31054:98 202819724 ADD level, 1, 5,8 and 10 | Advantage, disadvantage uso drives, as the drawing below shows. Using the parity data, the computer can recalculate the data of one of the other data blocks, should those data no longer be available. That means a RAID 5 array can withstand a single drive failure without losing data or access to data. Although RAID 5 can be achieved in software, a hardware controller is recommended, Often extra cache memory is used on these controllers to improve the write performance. RAID 5 striping with parity across drives RAID 5 — Striping with parity Advantages of RAID 5 + Read data transactions are very fast while write data transactions are somewhat slower (due to the parity that has to be calculated). + Ifa drive fails, you still have access to all data, even while the failed drive is being replaced and the storage controller rebuilds the data on the new drive. Disadvantages of RAID 5 + Drive failures have an effect on throughput, although this is still acceptable. + This is complex technology. If one of the disks in an array using 47B disks fails and is replaced, restoring the data (the rebuild time) may take a day or longer, depending on the load on the array and the speed of the controller. If another disk goes bad during that time, data are lost forever. Ideal use RAID 5 is a good all-round system that combines efficient storage with excellent security and decent performance. It is ideal for file and application servers that have a limited number of data drives. RAID level 6 - Striping with double parity RAID 6 is like RAID 5, but the parity data are written to two drives. That means it requires at least You are free to leave if you dislike their use A.cookie is used to colle ‘alistics. The ads Got it Activate Paranoid Mode hntips:mww.prepressure.comlibraryechnologytaid 41054:98 202819724 ADD level, 1, 5,8 and 10 | Advantage, disadvantage uso the swapped drive. If another drive dies during that time, you still lose all of your data, With RAID 6, the RAID array will even survive that second failure. RAID 6 striping with dual parity across drives RAID 6 — Striping with double parity Advantages of RAID 6 + Like with RAID 5, read data transactions are very fast. + If two drives fail, you still have access to all data, even while the failed drives are being replaced. So RAID 6 is more secure than RAID 5. Disadvantages of RAID 6 + Write data transactions are slower than RAID 5 due to the additional parity data that have to be calculated. In one report | read the write performance was 20% lower. + Drive failures have an effect on throughput, although this is still acceptable. + This is complex technology. Rebuilding an array in which one drive failed can take a long time. Ideal use RAID 6 is a good all-round system that combines efficient storage with excellent security and decent performance. It is preferable over RAID 5 in file and application servers that use many large drives for data storage. RAID level 10 - combining RAID 1 & RAID o Itis possible to combine the advantages (and disadvantages) of RAID 0 and RAID 1 in one single system. This is a nested or hybrid RAID configuration. It provides security by mirroring all data on secondary drives while using striping across each set of drives to speed up data transfers. You are free to leave if you dislike their use A.cookie is used to colle ‘alistics. The ads Got it Activate Paranoid Mode hntips:mww.prepressure.comlibraryechnologytaid 5105,4:38 2029/0104 RAID level 0,1, 5, 6 and 10 | Advantage, disadvantage, use RAID 1+0 mirroring + striping Aa) Aes Alaa u Aaa [rere [Sere Ces RAID 10 ~ Striping and mirroring Advantages of RAID 10 + If something goes wrong with one of the disks in a RAID 10 configuration, the rebuild time is very fast since all that is needed is copying all the data from the surviving mirror to a new drive. This can take as little as 30 minutes for drives of 1 TB. Disadvantages of RAID 10 + Half of the storage capacity goes to mirroring, so compared to large RAID 5 or RAID 6 arrays, this is an expensive way to have redundancy. What about RAID levels 2, 3, 4 and 7? These levels do exist but are not that common (RAID 3 is essentially like RAID 5 but with the parity data always written to the same drive). This is just a simple introduction to RAID-systems. You can find more in-depth information on the pages of Wikipedia or ACNC. RAID is no substitute for back-ups! All RAID levels except RAID 0 offer protection from a single drive failure. ARAID 6 system even survives 2 disks dying simultaneously. For complete security, you do still need to back-up the data stored on a RAID system. + That back-up will come in handy if all drives fail simultaneously because of a power spike « Itis a safeguard when the storage system gets stolen. + Back-ups can be kept off-site at a different location. This can come in handy if a natural disaster or fire destroys your workplace + The most important reason to back-up multiple generations of data is user error. If someone accidentally deletes some important data and this aoes unnoticed for several A cookie is used to colle alistics. The ads You are free to leave if you dislike their use. Got it Activate Paranoid Mode hntips:mww.prepressure.comlibraryechnologytaid 218s