International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)

Volume 4, Issue 2 Feb 2022, pp: 535-539 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

A Review Paper on Matrices and Its

Application
a)
Prachi Sharmaa), Harvinder Singhb)
M.E Student Department of Electrical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. India 140413
b)
Assistant Professor Department of Electrical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. India
140413

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Submitted: 01-02-2022 Revised: 07-02-2022 Accepted: 10-02-2022
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ABSTRACT: -Vector algebra, differential
calculus, integration, discrete mathematics, 1 3
2*2
matrices, and determinants are the future 7 5
classifications for mathematics. Matrix 1 2 3
mathematics is used in a variety of scientific fields 2 3 6 3*3
as well as in differential mathematics. In matrix, we 4 11 2
Transpose of a matrix: The transpose of a matrix is
must learn about matrix addition, subtraction, and
A= (aij)m*n and is denoted as aT that is, aT =
multiplication. Matrices theory is used to answer
(aij)n*m. [2]
economic challenges involving the most
Example:
economical technique of producing commodities. 1 4
Very sensitive information must be encoded and 1 2 3 T
A= 2*3A = 2 5 3*2
decoded. We also covered the 3*3 linear system of 4 5 6
3 6
equations utilising the row deduction approach in
the matrix equation. This paper also discusses II. OPERATION WITH MATRICES
matrices and how they are used. Matrix theories are SUM:If A and B have the same dimension, the
used to discover economic challenges involving the sum, A+B, can be calculated by adding the
technique by which things can be produced respective entries. (A+B) = aij + bij in symbols. [3]
effectively and correctly. The influence of matrices A =
in the mathematical world is wide because it a b p q
provides an important foundation for many of the B =
c d
2*2
r s 2*2
principles and practises. To unravel the history of a+ p b+q
A+B = 2*2
matrices and their applications, the influence of c+r d+s
matrices in the mathematical world is wide because Example: -
it provides an important base for many of the 7 8 9
A=
principles and practises. This paper also discusses 6 8 9 2*3
about future development and we use this concept 5 4 8
B=
in our everyday life. In this paper we solve matrix 3 2 9 2*3
A+B=
problem by using software which is MATLAB to 12 12 17
show this by programming method. This paper also 9 10 18 2*3
discusses in field of physics, zoology, and MATLAB coding: -
animation. >> clear all
Keywords: matrix, determinant, linear system, >> close all
matrix algebra, MATLAB. >> x1 = [7 8 9; 6 8 9]
x1 =
I. INTRODUCTION 7 8 9
Matrices is a rectangular arrangement of any 6 8 9
number of elements in certain number of rows and >> x2 = [ 5 4 8;3 2 9]
columns within a parenthesis or square bracket.[1] x2 =
Matrix order: If a matrix has 'n' columns and 'm' 5 4 8
rows, its order is m*n. 3 2 9
Example >> x3 = x1+x2

DOI: 10.35629/5252-0402535539 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 535
 International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 2 Feb 2022, pp: 535-539 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

x3 = 2 3 4 5
12 12 17 4 5 6 6
9 10 18 -6 0 -1 -2
>> 5*matrix1
DIFFERENCE: If A and B have the same Ans =
dimensions, the difference between them, A-B, is 10 15 20 25
calculated by subtracting the corresponding entries. 20 25 30 30
(A-B)ij = aij - bij in symbols. [4] -30 0 -5 -10
a b
A = B =
c d 2*2 PRODUCT: If A has dimension k*m and B has
p q
dimension m*n, then the product AB is defined,
r s 2*2
A−B and has dimensions k*n. The entry (AB)ijis
a− p b−q obtained by multiplying corresponding entries
= 2*2 together and then adding the result i.e.,[5]
c−r d−s
2 4 6 (ai1 ai2 ………… aim) b1j
Example: - A= B=
3 4 5
2*3
b2j = ai1b1j + ai2b2j + ……. + aimbmj
2 3 4 M
1 2 3 2*3 Bmj
A−B=
0 1 2 5 3 2 1 4
2 2 2 2*3 Example: -A = 4 6 8 = 2 5
3*3 B 3*2
MATLAB coding: -
>> clear all 7 2 1 3 6
>> close all A*B =
>> X1 = [2 4 6; 3 4 5] 54 67
X1 = 116 140 3*2
2 4 6 48 60
3 4 5 MATLAB Coding: -
>> X2 = [2 3 4; 1 2 3] >> clear all
X2 = >> close all
2 3 4 >> X1 = [5 3 2; 4 6 8; 7 2 1]
1 2 3 X1 =
>> X3 = X1-X2 5 3 2
X3 = 4 6 8
0 1 2 7 2 1
2 2 2 >> X2 = [4 5; 6 8; 8 9]
X2 =
SCALAR MULTIPLICATION: If A = (aij)m*n 4 5
be any matrix and ‘r’ be any scalar then scalar 6 8
multiplication of ‘A’ is denoted as A = r[aij]m*n. 8 9
A = >> X3 = X1*X2
a b X3 =
c d 2*2 54 67
ra rb
rA = 116 140
rc rd 2*2
2 3 4 5 48 60
Example: - A= 4 5 6 6 3*4
−6 0 −1 −2 III. LAWS OF MATRIX ALGEBRA
r=5 The matrix addition, subtraction, scalar
multiplication and matrix multiplication, have the
10 15 20 25 following properties. [6]
rA = 20 25 30 30 3*4  ASSOCIATIVE LAWS:
−30 0 −5 −10 P + (Q + R) = (P+ Q) + R
MATLAB Coding: - (PQ) R = P (QR)
>> clear all
>> close all  COMMUTATIVE LAW FOR
>> matrix1 = [2 3 4 5; 4 5 6 6; -6 0 -1 -2] ADDITION:
matrix1 =
DOI: 10.35629/5252-0402535539 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 536
 International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 2 Feb 2022, pp: 535-539 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

P+Q=Q+P VI. MATRIX FORM USED IN SYSTEM

EQUATION
 DISTRIBUTIVE LAWS: The matrix form in system equation is: -
P (Q + R) = PQ + PR AX=B
(P + Q) R = PR + QR  If B = 0 then the system is not
homogenous system.
IV. DETERMINANT OF MATRIX  If B = 0 then the system is homogenous
The element is a square array of numbers, and the system
determinant is a square array of numbers. The Example:
number of rows in the determinant is always equal >> clear all
to the number of columns. [7] Is the sum of the >> close all
selected products of the matrix's elements, each >> A = [2 3 5; 3 4 7; 1 1 1]
product multiplied by +1 or -1? A=
a b 2 3 5
A= = ad – bc
c d 2*2 3 4 7
1 2 3
1 1 1
Example: A = 7 3 1 3*3
>> B = [5; 10; 13]
1 6 2
>> clear all B=
>> close all 5
>> A = [1 2 3; 7 3 1; 1 6 2] 10
A= 13
1 2 3 >>inv(A)*B
7 3 1 ans =
1 6 2 18.0000
>> det(A) 3.0000
ans = -8.0000
91
VII. REAL LIFE PROBLEM IN
V. INVERSE OF A MATRIX MATRICES AND ITS APPLICATION
A unique matrix matching the connection is an In our daily life matrices are play a very
inverse matrix A-1 that can only be found given a important role while we doing any work like
square and a non-singular matrix A. computer graphics software such as inscape,
A-1A = AA-1 = I photoshop or zimp or any such software when you
The formula for calculating the inverse is as render images in this software actually the software
follows: performs linear transformation on the images
A-1 = adj A/ det A actually the linear transformation is to perform on
Calculation Of Inverse Using Determinants In matrix that stores the data related to the images. [8]
MATLAB In physics and allied fields, such as
>> clear all various branches of engineering, matrices are used
>> close all to investigate electrical circuits in order to research
>> A = [8 5; 6 9] quantum mechanics, and in optics, matrices are
A= used to solve various branches such as KCL and
8 5 KVL in electrical circuits. [9] However, in
6 9 quantum mechanics, it is critical to note that
>> det(A) quantum mechanics can sometimes evolve into
ans = matrix mechanics. [10] Engineers utilise matrices
42 to represent physical systems and conduct precise
>>inv(A) calculations for complicated mechanics in
ans = aeroplanes and spacecraft electronics networks.
0.2143 -0.1190 [11]
-0.1429 0.1905 All of the calculations in chemical
engineering require correctly calibrated
computations, which are obtained by transforming
matrices. Because they manage significant amounts

DOI: 10.35629/5252-0402535539 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 537
 International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 2 Feb 2022, pp: 535-539 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

of data, medical imaging is becoming a popular use of the Department Dr. Himami Goyal Sharma for
matrix in hospitals and research institutes. [12] providing excellent atmosphere throughout the
In programming for coding and session for completing this paper successfully. We
scrambling different messages is a key device s. in would like to take this opportunity to thank all
mechanical technology and in mechanization those who gave directly or indirectly their support
networks are the essential parts for our robot in completion of this work.
development. [13] The contributions for controlling
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DOI: 10.35629/5252-0402535539 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 538
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Volume 4, Issue 2 Feb 2022, pp: 535-539 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

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