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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of National Parks in India (State Wise)
1. GEOGRAPHY __________________________________ 3 1.37. List of Indian Monuments and their Builders ___ 41
1.1. List of National Parks in India (State Wise) ______ 3 1.38. List of Indian Rivers and their Place of Origin __ 42
1.2. List of Tiger Reserve in India (State Wise) _______ 4 1.39. Major Straits of the world ____________________ 42
1.3. List of Wildlife Sanctuaries in India (State-wise) __ 5 1.40. List of Major Rivers of the World _____________ 43
1.4. List of Biosphere Reserves in India _____________ 8 1.41. Landlocked Countries in the World ___________ 43
1.5. UNESCO Protected Biosphere Reserve in India 1.42. Important cities situated on the banks of river
2022 – International Status ____________________________ 8 (World) 44
1.6. List of Hydro, Thermal & Nuclear Power Plants in 1.43. Distinctive Names of Countries & Towns (World) 44
India 8
1.44. Largest producing countries of agricultural
1.7. List of Airports in India _____________________ 10 commodities in world _______________________________ 44
1.8. List of Major Sea Ports in India _______________ 11 1.45. List of Minerals and their leading producing
countries __________________________________________ 45
1.9. List of Stadiums in India _____________________ 12
1.46. Important facts about Planets ________________ 45
1.10. List of Hill Ranges in India and its Location ____ 14
1.47. Environment related important International
1.11. List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India __ 15
Agreements / Conferences __________________________ 45
1.12. List of Ramsar Sites in India __________________ 16
1.48. Wildlife Conservation efforts in India _________ 46
1.13. List of Important Lakes in India ______________ 17 2. PHYSICS _____________________________________ 46
1.14. List of Important Forts & Palaces in India ______ 18 2.1. List Of Fathers Of Various Fields _____________ 46

1.15. Famous Temples in India & its Location _______ 19 2.2. List of Fathers of Various Fields (India) ________ 46

1.16. Famous Tombs or Mausoleum in India ________ 19 2.3. Inventions and Discoveries __________________ 47

1.17. Nuclear Powerplants of India ________________ 20 2.4. List of Scientific Instruments and Their Uses____ 47

1.18. List of Research & Educational Institutes in India 20 2.5. SI Units ___________________________________ 48

1.19. List of High Courts in India and its Location____ 21 2.6. Common and Chemical Names of Some Important
Chemical Compounds ______________________________ 49
1.20. Important Indian Cities Located in River Banks _ 22
2.7. Important Alloys ___________________________ 49
1.21. List of Important Dams, Reservoirs and Rivers in
3. BIOLOGY _____________________________________ 49
India 23
3.1. Scientific Names of Plants, Fruits And Vegetables 49
1.22. List of Important Festivals in India ____________ 24
3.2. Important Branches of Science ________________ 50
1.23. List of Famous Indian Cities and their Nicknames25
3.3. Important Hormones and Their Functions _____ 50
1.24. Cropping Patterns and Major Crops in India ___ 27
3.4. List of Diseases Caused by Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, and
1.25. Mineral Distribution in India _________________ 30
ProtozoaHuman Diseases ___________________________ 50
1.26. List of International Food Festivals ____________ 34
3.5. PLANT DISEASES__________________________ 51
1.27. Important Boundary Lines around the World ___ 34
3.6. Important Medicinal Plants and Their Uses ____ 51
1.28. International Organizations, Head and 4. POLITY _______________________________________ 51
Headquarters ______________________________________ 35
4.1. Sources of the Constitution __________________ 51
1.29. List of Country Capital and Currency _________ 36
4.2. Important Articles of The Constitution ________ 52
1.30. Deserts of the World ________________________ 38
4.3. INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS SESSIONS __ 54
1.31. States and its formation years ________________ 38
4.4. List of Countries and Their Parliament Names __ 55
1.32. India and its Neighbouring Countries _________ 38
4.5. Distribution of Rajya Sabha Seats in Indian States
1.33. Cremation Grounds of famous personalities of and Union Territories _______________________________ 56
India 40
4.6. Distribution of Lok Sabha Seats in Indian States and
1.34. Important Indian Cities & their Union Territories ___________________________________ 56
Founders/Architects ________________________________ 40
4.7. List of Lok Sabha (House of the People) Speakers 57
1.35. Indian Cities and their famous Industries ______ 40 5. ECONOMICS __________________________________ 58

1.36. List of Important Gardens in India ____________ 41 5.1. New Rupee Denomination and Features _______ 58

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of National Parks in India (State Wise)
5.2. Banks Headquarters and Taglines _____________ 58 8.3. LIST OF HIGHEST CIVILIAN AWARDS OF
MAJOR COUNTRIES _______________________________ 74
5.3. Census in India _____________________________ 59
8.4. Important Intelligence Agencies of The Worlds _ 74
5.4. Public Sector Companies and Headquarters ____ 60
8.5. Important Missiles of India __________________ 75
5.5. Symbols of Indian States and Union Territories _ 60
8.6. Indian Defence Training Institutions __________ 76
5.6. Important Signs or Symbols and Their Meanings 61
9. ART AND CULTURE ___________________________ 76
5.7. List of Important Stock Exchange Around The
9.1. Dance _____________________________________ 76
World 61
9.2. Folk Dances Of India ________________________ 77
5.8. List of Central Banks of Different Countries_____ 62
9.3. Indian Music _______________________________ 79
5.9. CERTIFICATION MARKS IN INDIA __________ 63
9.4. Musical Instruments and Persons Associated ___ 80
5.10. Famous News Papers Names in the World _____ 64
9.5. Indian Paintings ____________________________ 80
5.11. List of Secretaries General of the United Nations 65
9.6. Calendars In India __________________________ 81
5.12. NATIONAL EMBLEMS OF FAMOUS COUNTRIES
65 9.7. Arts And Cultural Institutions in India ________ 82
6. HISTORY______________________________________ 65
9.8. Temples In India ___________________________ 83
6.1. Revolutions in India_________________________ 65
9.9. Indian Languages __________________________ 84
6.2. Important Battles in History __________________ 66
9.10. Awards - India _____________________________ 85
6.3. List of Presidents of India From 1950 To 2020 ___ 68 10. MISCELLANEOUS _____________________________ 85
6.4. List of Prime Ministers of India From 1947 To 2022 10.1. Important Superlatives in India
69 (“Largest/Longest/Highest/Biggest/Smallest”) ________ 86
7. SPORTS ______________________________________ 70
10.2. Books and Authors _________________________ 87
7.1. Sports Terminologies ________________________ 70
10.3. List of Autobiographies of Famous Personalities 90
7.2. Sports Field Names _________________________ 71
10.4. Nicknames of Famous Personalities From India
7.3. FIFA World Cup: Winners, Runners-Up, Host And The World ____________________________________ 91
Nations 71
10.5. Official Books/Documents of Major Countries __ 92
7.4. List of Sports Events and Venues ______________ 72
10.6. Important Awards and Their Fields ___________ 92
7.5. Number of Players in Various Sports __________ 73
10.7. Indian Martial Arts _________________________ 93
7.6. List of Countries and Their National Games ____ 73
10.8. Ancient India Literary Works and Authors _____ 94
8. DEFENCE _____________________________________ 73
10.9. Modern Indian Literature ____________________ 94
8.1. List of Joint Military Exercises ________________ 73
10.10. State & Cuisine ___________________________ 96
8.2. Defence Equipment _________________________ 74

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of National Parks in India (State Wise)

1. GEOGRAPHY
1.1. List of National Parks in India (State Wise)
Important Points: -
❖ Largest National Park: Hemis National Park, Ladakh
❖ Smallest National Park: South Button Island National Park, Andaman and Nicobar Islands

State/UT National parks State/UT National parks

Andaman and • Galathea National Park • Kishtwar National Park
Nicobar Islands • Mahatma Gandhi Marine (Wandoor) Jharkhand (1) • Betla National Park
(9) National Park Karnataka (5) • Bandipur National Park
• Campbell Bay National Park • Anshi National Park
• Mount Harriet National Park • Bannerghata National Park
• Rani Jhansi Marine National Park • Kudremukh National Park
• Saddle peak National Park • Nagarhole (Rajiv Gandhi) National Park
• Middle Button Island National Park Kerala (6) • Eravikulam National Park
• North Button Island National Park • Mathikettan Shola National Park
• South Button Island National Park • Periyar National Park
Andhra Pradesh • Papikonda National Park • Silent Valley National Park
(3) • Sri Venkateswara National Park • Anamudi Shola National Park
• Rajiv Gandhi National Park • Pambadum Shola National Park
Arunachal • Mouling National Park Madhya Pradesh • Pench (Priyaradharshini) National Park
Pradesh (2) • Namdapha National Park (9) • Bandhavgarh National Park
Assam (7) • Nameri National Park • Kanha National Park
• Manas National Park • Panna National Park
• Dibru- Saikhowa National Park • Sanjay National Park
• Kaziranga National Park • Satpura National Park
• Orang National Park • Madhav National Park
• Raimona National Park • Van Vihar National Park
• Dihing Patkai National Park • Mandla Plant Fossils National Park
Bihar (1) • Valmiki National Park Maharashtra (6) • Navegaon national Park
• Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin • Sanjay Gandhi (Borivilli) National Park
Sanctuary • Chandoli National Park
• Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary • Gugamal National Park
Chhattisgarh (3) • Indravati National Park • Tadoba National Park
• Kanger Valley National Park • Pench National Park
• Guru Ghasidas (Sanjay) National Park Manipur (1) • Sirohi National Park*
Goa (1) • Bhagwan Mahavir (Mollem) National • Keibul Lamjao National Park
Park Meghalaya (2) • Nokrek National Park
Gujarat (4) • Gir Forest National Park • Balphakram National Park
• Blackbuck National Park Mizoram (2) • Murlen National Park
• Vansda National Park • Phawngpui Blue Mountain National
• Marine National Park (Gulf of Kutch Park
National Park) Nagaland (1) • Intanki National Park
Haryana (2) • Sultanpur National Park Odisha (2) • Simlipal National Park
• Kalesar National Park • Bhitarkanika National Park
Himachal • Pin Valley National Pak Punjab • Harike Wetland
Pradesh (5) • Simbalbara National Park Rajasthan (5) • Sariska National Park
• Inderkilla National Park • Ranthambore National Park
• Khirganga National Park • Mukundra Hills (Darrah) National Park
• Great Himalayan National Park • Keoladeo Ghana National Park
Jammu and • Dachigam National Park • Desert National Park
Kashmir (3) • Salim Ali National Park • Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Tiger Reserve in India (State Wise)
State/UT National parks State/UT National parks
Sikkim (1) • Khangchendzonga National Park Uttar Pradesh (1) • Dudhwa National Park
Tamil Nadu (5) • Mudumalai National Park Uttarakhand (6) • Jim Corbett National Park
• Mukurthi National Park • Gangotri National Park
• Indira Gandhi (Anamalai) National Park • Govind Pashu Vihar
• Guindy National Park • Rajaji National Park
• Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park • Valley of Flowers National Park
• Palani Hills National Park* • Nanda Devi National Park
Telangana (3) • Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National West Bengal (6) • Buxa National Park
Park • Neora Valley National Park
• Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National • Gorumara National Park
Park • Singalila National Park
• Mrugavani National Park • Jaldapara National Park
Tripura (2) • Clouded Leopard National Park • Sunderbans National Park
• Bison ( Rajbari) National Park Ladakh (1) • Hemis National Park

1.2. List of Tiger Reserve in India (State Wise)

Some Essential Information STATE TIGER RESERVE

Special Name of the Location • Kudremukha
Features Tiger Reserve • Biligiriranga Hills
Largest/ Nagarjunsagar- State: Andhra Pradesh, Kerala • Periyar
Biggest tiger Srisailam Telangana
• Parambikulam
reserve in District: Kurnool, Guntur,
India Prakasam, Mahbubnagar, Madhya • Kanha
Nalgonda Pradesh • Pench
The smallest Bor State: Maharashtra • Bandhavgarh
tiger reserve in District: Wardha • Panna
India • Bori- Satpura
The first tiger Jim Corbett State: Uttarakhand
• Sanjay- dubri
reserve in (ESTD 1936) District: Nainital
India • Ratapani
Maharashtra • Melghat
The Central Government has given its approval for the creation
• Tadoba- Andhari
of a fifth tiger reserve in Tamil Nadu that will encompass the
Meghamalai and Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife • Sahyadri
Sanctuaries. • Bor
STATE TIGER RESERVE • Nawegaon- Nazgira
Andhra • Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Mizoram • Dampa
Pradesh Odisha • Similipal
Arunachal • Namdapha • Satkosia
Pradesh • Kamlang Tiger Reserve • Sunabeda
• Pakke Rajasthan • Ranthambore
• Pakhui
• Sariska
Assam • Manas • Mukandra Hills
• Nameri Tamilnadu • Kalakad- Mundanthurai
• Orang Tiger Reserve
• Anamalai
• Kaziranga
• Mudumalai
Bihar • Valmiki • Sathyamangalam
Chhattisgarh • Udanti- Sitanadi • Meghamalai
• Achanakmar Telangana • Nagarjunasagar Srisailam
• Indravati • Kawal
Jharkhand • Palamau • Amrabad
Karnataka • Bhadra Uttar • Dudhwa
• Dandeli – Anshi Pradesh • Philibhit
• Bandipur • Amangarh (Buffer of Corbett Tiger Reserve)
• Nagarhole • Katerniaghat

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Wildlife Sanctuaries in India (State-wise)
STATE TIGER RESERVE STATE TIGER RESERVE
Uttarakhand • Corbett West Bengal • Sunderbans
• Rajaji • Buxa

1.3. List of Wildlife Sanctuaries in India (State-wise)

Important Points: - STATE WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES

Total Number of Wildlife Sanctuaries in India: 566 • Kishanpur WLS
The maximum number of WLS is in Andaman and Nicobar: 96 • Okhala Bird Sanctuary
STATE WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES
• Patna WLS
Jammu and • Karakoram WLS (Ladakh)
• Nawabganj Bird WLS
Kashmir • Lachipora WLS
• Saman Bird Sanctuary
• Limber WLS
• Sur Sarovar WLS
• Rajparian WLS
• Vijai Sagar WLS
• Gulbarga WLS
• Katarniaghat
• Hirapora WLS
• Ranipur
• Trikuta WLS
Rajasthan • Kailadevi WLS
• Ramnagar Rakha WLS
• Kesarbagh WLS
• Changthang Cold Desert WLS
• Mount Abu WLS
Himachal • Kais WLS
• Sariska WLS
Pradesh • Kibber WLS
• Sawai Man Singh WLS
• Kalatop- Khajjiar WLS
• Todgarh Raoli WLS
• Tundah WLS
• Jawahar Sagar WLS
• Shimla Water Catchment WLS
• Bandh Baratha WLS
• Dhauladar WLS
• Van Vihar WLS
• Rakchham Chitkul( Sangla Valley) WLS
• Sitamata WLS
• Pong Dam Lake WLS
• Bhensrodgarh WLS
• Renuka WLS
• Darrah WLS
• Shikari Devi WLS
• Phulwari Ki Nal WLS
• Chandratal WLS
• Jamwa Ramgarh WLS
• Sech Tuan Nala Wildlife Sanctuary
• Ramgarh Vishdhari WLS
• Kugti Wildlife Sanctuary
Gujarat • Gaga Great Indian Bustard WLS
• Nargu Wildlife Sanctuary
• Gir WLS
Punjab • Abohar WLS
• Girnar WLS
• Harike Lake WLS
• Lala Great Indian Bustard WLS
• Kathlaur Kushlian WLS
• Marine( Gulf of Kachchh) WLS
• Nangal WLS
• Nal Sarovar Bird Santuary
• Jhajjar Bacholi WLS
• Narayan Sarovar (chinkara) WLS
• Takhni- Rehampur WLS
• Porbandar Lake WLS
Uttarakhand • Askot Musk Deer WLS
• Thol Lake WLS
• Nandhaur WLS
• Wild Ass WLS
• Binsar WLS
• Kacchh Desert WLS
• Kedarnath WLS
• Mitiyala WLS
• Mussoorie WLS
• Purna WLS
• Govind Pashu Vihar WLS
• Ratanmahal WLS
• Sonanadi WLS
• Rampara vidi WLS
Uttar • Bakhira WLS
• Khijadiya Bird WLS
Pradesh • Chandraprabha WLS
• Barda WLS
• Dr. Bhimarao Ambedkar bird sanctuary
• Shoolpaneshwar WLS
• Hastinapur WLS
• Balaram-Amji WLS
• Kaimur WLS
Madhya • Gandhi Sagar WLS
• Turtle WLS Pradesh • National Chambal WLS
• Pilibhit WLS
• Orcha WLS
• Jai Prakash Narayan Bird WLS
• Pachmarhi WLS

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Wildlife Sanctuaries in India (State-wise)
STATE WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES STATE WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES
• Panna WLS • Mahuadanr Wolf WLS
• Pench WLS • Topchanchi WLS
• Veerangna Durgawati WLS • Dalma WLS
• Phen WLS West Bengal • Raiganj WLS
• Bagdara WLS • Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary
• Bori WLS • Buxa WLS
• Sanjay Dubri WLS • Lothian Island WLS
• Sardarpur WLS • West Sunderban WLS
• Ralamandal WLS • Jorepokhri Salamander WLS
• Karera WLS • Ballavpur WLS
• Narsinghgarh WLS • Senchal WLS
• Noradehi WLS • Haliday Island WLS
• Singhori WLS Maharashtra • Amba Barwa WLS
Bihar • Bhimbandh WLS • Bhimashankar WLS
• Gautam Buddha WLS • Great Indian Bustard WLS
• Valmiki WLS • Koyana WLS
• Kaimur WLS • Karanja Sohal Blackbuck WLS
• Udaipur WLS • Lonar WLS
• Pant( Rajgir) WLS • Mansingdeo WLS
• Kusheshwar Asthan Bird WLS • Nawegaon WLS
• Barela Jheel Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary • New Bor WLS
• Vikramsila Gangetic Dolphin WLS • New Nagzira WLS
• Kanwarjheel WLS • Thane Creek Flamingo WLS
Arunachal • Dibang WLS • Tungareshwar WLS
Pradesh • Mehao WLS • Umred- Kharngla WLS
• Kamlang WLS • Gangewadi New Great Indian Bustard WLS
• Tale Valley WLS • Andhari WLS
• Eagle Nest WLS • Naigaon Mayur Sanctuary
• Kane WLS • Phansad WLS
• Pakke( Pakhui) WLS Chhattisgarh • Achanakmar WLS
• Sessa Orchid WLS • Bhairamgarh WLS
• Itanagar WLS • Bhoramdev WLS
• Yordi-Rabe Supse WLS • PamedWild Buffalo WLS
Assam • Amchang WLS • Udanti Wild Buffalo WLS
• Barail WLS • Semarsot WLS
• Dihing Patkai WLS • Tamor Pingla WLS
• East Karbi Anglong WLS • Barnawapara WLS
• Marat Longri WLS • Sitanadi WLS
• Sonai Rupai WLS • Badalkohl WLS
• Porbitora WLS Odisha • Bhitarkanika WLS
• Hollongapar Gibbon WLS • Chilika WLS
• Lawkhowa WLS • Balukhand Konark WLS
• Chakrasila WLS • Debrigarh WLS
• Pani- Dihing Bird WLS • Gahirmatha ( Marine ) WLS
• Nambor Doigrung WLS • Similipal WLS
• Garampani WLS • Satkosia Gorge WLS
Jharkhand • Hazaribagh WLS • Kapilash WLS
• Koderma WLS • Kotagarh WLS
• Palamau WLS • Chandaka Dampara WLS
• Palkot WLS • Sunabeda WLS
• Udhwa Lake WLS • Baisipalli
• Lawalong WLS • Kuldiha
• Parasnath WLS Telangana • Manjeera crocodile WLS

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Wildlife Sanctuaries in India (State-wise)
STATE WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES STATE WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES
• Nagarjuna Sagar-Srisailam WLS • Kurinjimala WLS
• Pakhal WLS • Malabar WLS
• Pranahita WLS (with Andhra Pradesh) • Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary
• Lanja Madugu Siwaram WLS • Parambikulam WLS
• Kinnersani WLS • Periyar WLS
• Eturnagaram WLS • Thattekad Bird WLS
• Kawal WLS • Wayanad WLS
Andhra • Coringa WLS • Chimmony WLS
Pradesh • Kolleru WLS • Peechi-Vazhani WLS
• Krishna WLS • Aralam WLS
• Kambalakonda WLS Tamil Nadu • Chitrangudi Bird WLS
• Rollapadu WLS • Gangaikondan Spotted deer WLS
• Pulicat Lake WLS • Indira Gandhi (Anamalai) WLS
• Nellapattu WLS • Kalakad WLS
• Nagarjuna Sagar-Srisailam WLS • Cauvery North WLS
• Sri Venkateswara WLS (with Telangana) • Kodaikanal WLS
• Sri Lankamalleswara WLS • Mudumalai WLS
• Gundla Brahmeswaram Wildlife Sanctuary • Mundanthurai WLS
• Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary • Nellai WLS
• Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary • Ossudu Lake Bird Sanctuary
• Lanjamadugu Wildlife Sanctuary • Point Calimere WLS
Karnataka • Attiveri WLS • Pulicat Lake WLS
• Bhimgad WLS • Sathyamangalam WLS
• Chincholi WLS • Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel WLS
• Cauvery WLS • Vedanthangal WLS
• Brahmagiri WLS • Vellanadu (Black buck) WLS
• Ghataprabha Bird Sanctuary • Megamalai WLS
• Gudekote Sloth Bear WLS • Theerthangal WLS
• Malai Mahadeshwara WLS • Sakkarakotai WLS
• Ranebennur Blackbuck WLS • Vellode WLS
• Ramadevara betta Vulture WLS Sikkim • Barsey Rhododendron WLS
• Sharavathi valley WLS • Fambhong Lho WLS
• Someshwara WLS • Kitam Bird Sanctuary
• Talakaveri WLS • Kyongnosla Alpine WLs
• Jogimatti WLS • Pangolakha WLS
• Thimlapura WLS Manipur • Yangoupokpi-Lokchao WLS
• Yadahalli Chinkara WLS • Khongjaingamba Ching WLS
• Adichunchunagiri WLS Meghalaya • Baghmara Pitcher Plant WLS
• Rangayyanadurga Four-horned Antelope • Narpuh WLS
WLS • Nongkhyllem WLS
• Gudavi Bird WLS • Siju WLS
• Mookambika WLS Mizoram • Dampa WLS
• Nugu WLS • Khawanglung WLS
• Arabithittu WLS • Lengteng WLS
• Adichunchanagiri WLS • Tawi WLS
• Dandeli WLS • Thorangtlang WLS
• Pushpagiri WLS • Tokalo WLS
• Ranebennur Black Buck WLS Nagaland • Fakim WLS
• Shettihalli WLS • Puliebadze WLS
Kerala • Chinnar WLS • Rangapahar WLS
• Chulannur Peafowl WLS Haryana • Abubsehar WLS
• Idukki WLS • Bhindawas WLS
• Kottiyoor WLS

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Biosphere Reserves in India
STATE WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES STATE WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES
• Kalesar WLS • Cotigaon WLS
• Morni Hills WLS • Netravali WLS
• Nahar WLS • Madei WLS
• Khaparwas WLS Delhi • Asola Bhati (Indra Priyadarshini) WLS
Goa • Bhagwan Mahavir (Mollem) WLS Tripura • Gumti Wildlife Sanctuary
• Bondla WLS
1.4. List of Biosphere Reserves in India
Biosphere Reserve - Biosphere Reserves are Protected areas that are meant for conservation of natural plants and animals.
The Indian Government has established 18 biosphere reserves in India

Name State Name State

Sundarbans Biosphere West Bengal Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Arunachal Pradesh
Reserve Reserve
Similipal Biosphere Reserve Odisha Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Assam
Panchmarhi Biosphere Madhya Pradesh Reserve
Reserve Seshachalam Hills Biosphere Andhra Pradesh
Nokrek Biosphere Reserve Meghalaya Reserve
Niligiri Biosphere Reserve Tamil Nadu, Kerela, Great Rann of Kutch Gujarat
Karnataka Biosphere Reserve
Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Tamil Nadu Achanakmar-Amarkantak Madhya Pradesh &
Reserve Biosphere Reserve Chhattisgarh
Nanda devi Biosphere Uttarakhand Agasthyamala Biosphere Kerela & Tamil Nadu
Reserve Reserve
Great Nicobar Biosphere Andaman & Nicobar Kanchenjunga Biosphere Sikkim
Reserve Islands Reserve
Manas Biosphere Reserve Assam Panna Biosphere Reserve Madhya Pradesh
Cold Desert Biosphere Himachal Pradesh
Reserve
1.5. UNESCO Protected Biosphere Reserve in India 2022 – International Status
According to the UNESCO Man & Biosphere Programme List, 12 out of 18 Biosphere Reserves are a part of World Network of
Biosphere Reserves.

Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve West Bengal Great Nicobar Biosphere Andaman & Nicobar
Similipal Biosphere Reserve Odisha Reserve Islands
Panchmarhi Biosphere Reserve Madhya Pradesh Achanakmar-Amarkantak Madhya Pradesh &
Nokrek Biosphere Reserve Meghalaya Biosphere Reserve Chhattisgarh
Niligiri Biosphere Reserve Tamil Nadu, Kerela, Agasthyamala Biosphere Kerela & Tamil Nadu
Karnataka Reserve
Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Tamil Nadu Kanchenjunga Biosphere Sikkim
Reserve Reserve
Nanda devi Biosphere Reserve Uttarakhand Panna Biosphere Reserve Madhya Pradesh

1.6. List of Hydro, Thermal & Nuclear Power Plants in India

Nuclear Power Plant: Madhya Pradesh • Chutka Nuclear Power Plant*

Tarapur Atomic Power Plant-1 (TAPS-1) is the first and the
oldest Nuclear Power Station In India. Proposed nuclear power plant
Asia's first nuclear reactor is the Apsara Research Reactor Thermal Power Plant :
situated in Mumbai. State Name
State Name Andhra • Simhadri Super Thermal Power Station
Maharashtra • Tarapur Nuclear power plant Pradesh • Rayalaseema Thermal power station
Karnataka • Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant • Dr. NarlaTatarao Thermal Power Station
Gujarat • Kakrapar Nuclear Power Plant Assam • Bongaigon Thermal Power Station
• Mithi Virdi Nuclear Power plant* • Lakwa Thermal power Station
Rajasthan • Rawatbhata Nuclear Power Plant • Namrup Thermal Power Station
Uttar Pradesh • Narora Nuclear Power Plant Bihar • Barauni Thermal Power station
Tamil Nadu • Kudankullam Nuclear Power Plant • Kahalgaon Thermal Power Station
• Kalpakkam Nuclear Power Plant

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Hydro, Thermal & Nuclear Power Plants in India
State Name State Name
• Muzaffarpur Thermal Power Plant • Guru Hargobind Thermal Power Station
Chattisgarh • Korba Super Thermal Power Plant Rajasthan • Suratgarh Super Thermal Power Station
• Bhillai Expansion Power Plant • Chhabra Thermal Power Plant
• Sipat Thermal Power Plant • Giral Lignite Thermal Power Station
• Jindal Mega Power Plant • VS Lignite Power Plant
• Dr Shyam Prakash Mukharjee Thermal • Anta Thermal Power Station
Power Plant • Barsingsar Lignite Power Plant
• Lanco Amarkantak • Rajwest Lignite Power Plant
Delhi • Indraprashta Power Station Tamil Nadu • Neyveli Thermal Power Station
• Rajghat Power Station • North Chennai Thermal Power Station
• Badarpur Thermal Power Plant • Ennore Thermal Power Station
Gujarat • Gandhinagar Thermal Power Plant • Tuticorin Thermal Power Station
• Ukai Thermal Power Station • Mettur Thermal Power Station
• Kawas Thermal Power Station Telangana • Kothagudem Themal Power Station
• Jhanor- Gandhar Thermal Power Station • Ramagundam Thermal Power Station
• Kutch Lignite Thermal Power Station • Kaktiya Thermal Power Station
• Mundra Thermal Power Plant Uttar • Rihand Thermal Power Station
• Sabarmathi Thermal Power Station Pradesh • Tanda Thermal Power Plant
• Surat Lignite Thermal Power Station • Obra Thermal Power Station
• Sikka Thermal Power Station • Anpara Thermal Power Station
• Wanakbori Thermal Power Station • Auraiya Thermal Power Station
• Dhuruvan Thermal Power Plant • Harduaganj Thermal Power Station
Jharkhand • Patratu Thermal Power Station • National Capital Thermal Power Plant
• Bokaro Thermal Power Station • Panki Thermal Power Plant
• Chandrapura Thermal Power Station • Parichha Thermal Power Station
Haryana • Rajiv Gandhi Thermal Power Plant • Rosa Thermal Power Station
• Faridabad Thermal Power Station • Feroz Gandhi Unchahar Thermal Power
• Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Plant
Station • Singrauli Super Thermal Power Station
Karnataka • Udupi Thermal Power Plant West Bengal • Durgapur Thermal Power Station
• Bellary Thermal Power Plant • Bakreswar Themal Power Station
• Raichur Super Thermal Power Station • Farakka Super Thermal Power Station
• JSW Vijayanagar TPS • Kolaghat Thermal Power Station
Kerala • Rajiv Gandhi Combined Cycle Power Plant • Mejia Thermal Power Station
• Brahmapuram Diesel Power Plant • Bakreswar Thermal Power Station
Madhya • Amarkantak Thermal Power Station • Bandel Thermal Power Station
Pradesh • Sanjay Gandhi Thermal Power Station • Santaldih Thermal Power Station
• Vindhyanchal Super Thermal Power Station
• Satpura Thermal Power Station
Hydroelectric Power Plants:
• Sant Singaji Thermal Power Plant
State Name
Maharashtra • Chandrapur Super Thermal Power Plant Kerala • Idukki Hydro-electric Plant
• Amravati Thermal Power Plant Maharashtra • Koyna Hydro Electric Power Plant
• Bhusawal Thermal Power Station Odisha • Hirakund Hydro Electric Power Plant
• Parli Thermal Power Station • Balimela Hydro Electric Power Plant
• Khaperkheda Thermal Power Station
Uttarakhand • Tehri Hydro Electric Power Plant
• Nashik Thermal Power Station
Andhra • Nagarjuna Hydro Electric Power Plant
• Tirora Thermal Power Plant Pradesh • Srisailam Hydro Electric Power Plant
• Trombay Thermal Power Station
• Machkund Hydro Electric Power Plant
• Dahanu Thermal Power Station
Himachal • Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Electric Power Plant
Odisha • Talcher Super Thermal Power Station
Pradesh • BhakraNangal Hydro Electric Power Plant
• Hirakud Captive Power Plant
• Dehar Hydro Electric Power Plant
Punjab • Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Power Station
• Baira- Siul Hydro Electric Power Plant

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Airports in India
State Name State Name
Gujarat • Sardar Sarovar Hydro Electric Power Plant Sikkim • Teesta Hydro Electric Power Plant
Madhya • Indirasagar Hydroelectric Power Plant • Rangit Hydro Electric Power Plant
Pradesh • Bansagar Hydro Electric Power Plant Jammu and • Salal Hydro Electric Power Plant
Uttar • Rihand Hydro Electric Power Plant Kashmir • Uri Hydro Electric Power Plant
Pradesh Jharkhand • Subarnarekha Hydro Electric Power Plant
Karnataka • Sharavathi Hydro Electric Power Plant Manipur • Loktak Hydro Electric Power Plant
• Kalinadi Hydro Electric Power Plant
• Shivanasamudra Hydro Electric Power Plant

1.7. List of Airports in India

• Juhu Aerodrome, Mumbai is the First and oldest Airport in India founded in 1928
• Cochin International Airport, Kerala is the first international airport in India developed under PPP- Public-Private Partnership
Model.
• There are 34 operational International Airports in India.

State/UT Location Airport

Andaman and Nicobar Port blair Veer savarkar International Airport
Andhra Pradesh • Vishakapatnam ✓ Vishakapatnam International Airport
• Hyderabad ✓ Begumpet Airport
• Hyderabad ✓ Rajiv Gandhi International Airport
• Rajahmundry ✓ Rajahmundry International Airport
• Kadapa ✓ Kadapa Airport
• Kurnool ✓ Orvakal Airport
Arunachal Pradesh • Daporijo ✓ Daporijo International Airport
• Tezu ✓ Tezu International Airport
• Pasighat ✓ Pasighat Airport
Assam • Guwahati ✓ Lokpriya Gopinath/ Guwahati International
• Dubri Airport
• Dibrugarh ✓ Rupsi Airport
• Silchar ✓ Dibrugarh Airport
• Tezpur ✓ Silchar Airport
✓ Tezpur Airport
Bihar • Patna ✓ Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport
• Gaya ✓ Gaya/Bodhgaya International Airport
New Delhi • Delhi ✓ Indira Gandhi International Airport
• Delhi ✓ Safdarjung Airport
Chhattisgarh • Raipur ✓ Swami Vivekananda Airport
Goa • Dambolim ✓ Goa International Airport
• Mopa ✓ Manohar International Airport
Gujarat • Ahmedabad ✓ Sardar Vallabhai patel International Airport
• Surat ✓ Surat International Airport
• Rajkot ✓ Rajkot Greenfield Airport, Gujarat(Proposed)
Himachal Pradesh • Kangra ✓ Gaggal Airport
• Kullu ✓ Bhuntar Airport
Jammu & Kashmir • Srinagar ✓ Srinagar International Airport
Jharkhand • Jamsedpur ✓ Sonari Airport
• Ranchi ✓ Birsa Munda Airport
• Deoghar ✓ Atal Bihari Vajpayee Airport
Karnataka • Bengaluru ✓ Kempegowda International Airport
• Hubbli ✓ Hubbli Airport
• Mysore ✓ Mysore Airport
• Belgaum ✓ Belgaum Airport
• Mangalore ✓ Mangalore International Airport
• Shivamogga ✓ Shivamogga Airport
Kerala • Thiruvananthapuram ✓ Trivandrum International Airport
• Kochi ✓ Cochin International Airport
• Kozhikode ✓ Calicut International Airport
• Kannur ✓ Kannur International Airport

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Major Sea Ports in India
State/UT Location Airport
Lakshadweep • Agatti Agatti Aerodrome
Madhya Pradesh • Bhopal ✓ Raja Bhoj Airport
• Indore ✓ Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport
• Jabalpur ✓ Jabalpur Airport
Maharashtra • Mumbai ✓ Chhatrapathi Sivaji International Airport
• Nagpur ✓ Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar IA
• Nasik ✓ Gandhinagar Airport
• Nasik ✓ Ozar Airport
• Pune ✓ Pune International Airport
• Mumbai ✓ Juhu Airport
• Kakadai ✓ Shirdi Airport
• Kolhapur ✓ Chatrapathi Rajaram Maharaj Airport
• Mumbai ✓ D.B.Patil International Airport (proposed)
Manipur • Imphal ✓ Bir Tikendrajit International Airport
Meghalaya • Shillong ✓ Zaruki/ Umroi International Airport
Mizoram • Aizawl ✓ Lengpui Airport
Nagaland • Dimapur ✓ Dimapur Airport
Odisha • Bhubaneswar ✓ Biju Patnaik Airport
• Jharsuguda ✓ Veer Surendra Sai Airport
Punjab • Amritsar ✓ Sri Guru Ram DassJee International Airport
Rajasthan • Jaipur ✓ Jaipur International Airport
• Udaipur ✓ Maharana Pratap Airport
• Kota ✓ Kota Airport
Sikkim • Pakyong ✓ Pakyong Airport
Tamilnadu • Chennai ✓ Anna International Airport
• Coimbatore ✓ Civil Aerodrome
• Madurai ✓ Madurai Airport
• Tuticorin ✓ Tuticorin Airport
• Thiruchirapalli ✓ Thiruchirapalli Airport
• Chennai ✓ International Greenfield Airport(Proposed)
Telangana • Hyderabad • Rajiv Gandhi International Airport
Uttar Pradesh • Lucknow ✓ Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport
• Varanasi ✓ Lal BahadurSastri International Airport
• Ayodhya ✓ Maryada Purushottam Sri Ram Airport
• Kushinagar ✓ Kushinagar International Airport
• Gautam Buddha ✓ Jewar International Airport
Nagar(Noida)
Uttarakhand • Dehradun ✓ Atal Bihari Vajpayee Airport
• Pantnagar ✓ Pantnagar Airport
West Bengal • Kolkata ✓ Netaji Subash Chandra Bose IA
• Siliguri ✓ Bagdogra International Airport
Tripura • Agartala • Maharaja Bir Bikram Manikya Kishore Airport

1.8. List of Major Sea Ports in India

▪ Jawahar Lal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) won the award of the Port Name State
‘Best Global Port in India’, the third time in a row in the Atal Visakapatnam Andhra Pradesh
Shastra Markenomy Award 2020. Chennai Tamil Nadu
▪ India’s First corporatized port: Ennore Port Jawaharlal Nehru Port Maharashtra
▪ Known as Tidal Port: Kandla Port (Nhava Sheva)
▪ Largest Natural Port and harbour In India & The busiest Kamarajar port or Ennore Chennai, Tamil Nadu
port in India: Mumbai Port Port
▪ Largest Artificial Port : Jawaharlal Nehru Port Haldia Kolkata, West Bengal
Kochi Port or Cochin Port Kerala
Port Name State New Mangalore Port Mangalore, Karnataka
Kandla (Deendayal Port Gujarat (Panambur Port)
Trust) Mormugao Port Panaji, Goa
Paradip Jagatsinghpur, Odisha
Panjim (Panaji) port Goa
Mumbai Maharashtra

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Stadiums in India
Port Name State Port Name State
Tuticorin (V.O Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu Vizag Port Visakhapatnam
Chidambaram Port)
Port Blair Port Andaman and Nicobar
Islands

1.9. List of Stadiums in India

Cricket -
No. Stadium Name Location State
1 Dr Y.S Rajasekhara Reddy ACA- VDCA Cricket Vishakapatnam Andhra Pradesh
Stadium
2 YS Raja Reddy Stadium Kadapa
3 Indira Gandhi Stadium Vijayawada
4 Indira Priyadarshini Stadium Vishakapatnam
5 Lal Bahadur Sasthri Stadium Hyderabad Telangana
6 Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium Hyderabad
7 Gymkhana Ground Secunderabad
8 Dr Bhupen Hazarika Cricket Stadium Guwahati Assam
9 Moin-ul – Haq Stadium Patna Bihar
10 Arun Jaitely stadium (Feroz Shah Kotla) Delhi New Delhi
11 Wankhede Stadium Mumbai Maharashtra
12 HPCA Stadium Dharamsala Himachal Pradesh
13 Eden Gardens Kolkatta West Bengal
14 M. A Chidambaram Stadium Chennai Tamilnadu
15 Bombay Gymkhana Ground Mumbai Maharashtra
16 Jsca Stadium Ranchi Jharkhand
17 Khanderi Cricket Stadium (Saurashtra Cricket Rajkot Gujarat
Association Stadium)
18 Subrata Roy Sahara Stadium Pune Maharashtra
19 Holkar stadium (Maharani Usharaje Trust Cricket Indore Madhya Pradesh
Ground)
20 Barkatullah Khan Stadium Jodhpur Rajasthan
21 CL Sport Complex Vadodara Gujarat
22 Maulana Azad Stadium Jammu & Kashmir
23 Roop Singh Stadium Gwalior Madhya Pradesh
24 Narendra Modi Stadium Karnavati (Ahmedabad) Gujarat
25 DY Patil Stadium Navi Mumbai Maharashtra
26 Veer Surendra Sai Stadium Sambalpur Odisha
27 DRIEMS ground Cuttack
28 KIIT Stadium Bhubaneswar
29 Barabati Stadium Cuttack
30 East Coast Railway Stadium Bhubaneswar
31 Dhruv Pandove Cricket Stadium Patiala Punjab
32 G.M.C Balayogi Athletic Stadium Hyderabad Telangana
33 Green Park Stadium Kanpur Uttar Pradesh
34 K.D Singh Babu Stadium Lucknow
35 Dr Akhilesh Das Stadium Lucknow
36 Eklavya Sports Stadium Agra
37 Greater Noida Cricket Stadium Greater Noida
38 Atal Bihari Vajpayee Ekana Cricket Stadium Lucknow
39 Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium Dehradun Uttarakhand
40 Maharaja Bir Bikram College Stadium Agartala Tripura
41 Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium Nagpur Maharashtra
42 Guru Gobind Singh Stadium Nanded
43 Narendra Modi stadium-Largest cricket stadium in the Ahmedabad Gujarat
world

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Stadiums in India
Football :
No. Stadium Name Location State
1 Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium Guwahati Assam
2 Satindra Mohan Dev Stadium Silchar
3 Patliputra Sports Complex Patna Bihar
4 Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Delhi Delhi
5 Ambedkar Stadium Delhi
6 Fatorda Stadium Margao Goa
7 Tilak Maidan Stadium Vasco da Gama
8 Duler Stadium Mapusa
9 The Arena Karnavati (Ahmedabad) Gujarat
10 Tau Devi Lal Stadium Gurgaon Haryana
11 Bakhshi Stadium Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir
12 TRC Turf Ground Srinagar
13 JRD Tata Sports Complex Jamshedpur Jharkhand
14 Birsa Munda Football Stadium Ranchi
15 Mangala Stadium Mangalore Karnataka
16 Sree Kanteerava Stadium Bangalore
17 Visvesvaraya Stadium Mandya
18 EMS Stadium Kozhikode Kerala
19 Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Kochin
20 University Stadium Thiruvananthapuram
21 Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium Kollam
22 Chandra sekharan Nair Stadium Thiruvananthapuram
23 Fort Maidan Palakkad
24 TT Nagar Stadium Bhopal Madhya Pradesh
25 Ravi Shankar Shukla Stadium Jabalpur
26 Dr. Rajendra Prasad Football Stadium Neemuch
27 Dadaji Kondadev Stadium Thane Maharashtra
28 B.P.T Ground Mumbai
29 Fr. Agnel Stadium Navi Mumbai
30 Cooperage Football Stadium Mumbai
31 Khuman Lampak Main Stadium Imphal Manipur
32 Lajwanti Stadium Hoshiarpur Punjab
33 Guru Gobind Singh Stadium Jalandhar
34 Guru Nanak Stadium Ludhiana
35 Baichung Stadium Namchi Sikkim
36 Paljor Stadium Gangtok
37 Jorethang Stadium Jorethang
38 Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Chennai Tamilnadu
39 Dr. Sampurnanda Stadium Varanasi UttarPradesh
40 Salt Lake Stadium Kolkata West Bengal
41 Kalyani Stadium Kolkata
42 Mela Ground Kalimpong
43 Mohun Bagan Ground Kolkata
44 Rabindra Sarobar Stadium Kolkata
45 Mohammedan Sporting Ground Kolkata
46 Jadavpur Stadium Kolkata

Hockey:
No. Stadium Name Location State
1 Sector 42 Chandigarh Chandigarh
2 Rajnandgaon International Hockey Stadium Rajnandgaon Chattisgarh
3 Dhyan Chand National Stadium Delhi Delhi
4 Chaudhary Bansi Lal Stadium Rohtak Haryana
5 DilipTirkey Stadium Ranchi Jharkhand
6 Bangalore Hockey Stadium Bangalore Karnataka
7 Kollam International Hockey Stadium Kollam Kerala
8 Aishbagh Stadium Bhopal Madhya Pradesh
9 Mahindra Hockey Stadium Mumbai Maharashtra

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Hill Ranges in India and its Location
No. Stadium Name Location State
10 PCMC Hockey Stadium Pimpri- Chinchwad
11 Kalinga Stadium Bhubaneswar Odisha
12 War Heroes Stadium Sangrur Punjab
13 International Hockey Stadium Ajitgarh
14 Surjit Hockey Stadium Jalandhar
15 Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium Chennai Tamilnadu
16 Dhyan Chand Astroturf Stadium Lucknow Uttar Pradesh
17 Birsa Munda Hockey Stadium Rourkela Odisha
Others:
No. Stadium Name Purpose Location
1 Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Sports & Games Guwahati, Assam
2 Indira Gandhi Arena Spots & Games Delhi
3 Talkatora Stadium Sports & Games
4 Chhatrasal Stadium Sports & Games
5 Dr Shyam Prasad Mukherjee Indoor Stadium Spots & Games Taleigao, Goa
6 Mahabir Stadium Sports & Games Hisar, Haryana
7 BirsaMunda Athletics Stadium Athletics Ranchi, Jharkhand
8 Trivandrum International Stadium Sports & Games Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
9 Kaloor International Stadium (Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium) Multipurpose Kochi, Kerala
10 Rajiv Gandhi Indoor Stadium Multipurpose Kochin, Kerala
11 Hawla Indoor Stadium Basketball Aizawl, Mizoram
12 Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium Gymnastics Cuttack, Odisha
13 Gandhi Ground Multipurpose Udaipur, Rajasthan
14 MGR Race course Stadium Multipurpose Madurai, Tamilnadu
15 Gachibowli Indoor stadium Sports & Games Hyderabad, Telangana
16 Buddh International Circuit Auto Racing Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh
17 K.D Singh Babu Stadium Multipurpose Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
18 Netaji Indoor Stadium Multipurpose Kolkata, West Bengal

1.10. List of Hill Ranges in India and its Location

Hill Ranges: Highest Peak Height (m) States
Hill Range States Saltoro Kangri 7742 Jammu and Kashmir
Eastern Ghats Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Saser Kangri 7672 Ladakh
Odisha, West Bengal Kangto 7090 Arunachal Pradesh
Western Ghats Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Reo Purgyil 6816 Himachal Pradesh
Maharashtra Saramati 3841 Nagaland
Nilgiri Hills Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka Sandakphu 3636 West Bengal
Aravallis Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana Khayang 3114 Manipur
Cardamom Kerala and Tamil Nadu Anamudi 2695 Kerala
Hills DoddaBetta 2636 Tamil Nadu
Anaimalai Hills
Palani Hills Tamil Nadu Important Passes:
Vindhyas Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh Name Location Connects
Satpura Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Khardung La Ladakh Leh & Nubra Valley
Chhattisgarh Zoji La Ladakh Ladakh to Kashmir
Karakoram Ladakh Pensi La Ladakh Suru Valley to Zanskar
Pir Panjal Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir Valley
Garo Hills Meghalaya Chang La Ladakh India & Tibet
KhasiHills Aghil Pass Ladakh Ladakh to Xinjiang
Jaintia Hills province of China
Seshachalam Andhra Pradesh Fotu La Ladakh Srinagar to Leh
Hills Karakoram Ladakh China & Pakistan
Nallamala Hills Pass
Burzil Pass Jammu & Srinagar & Gilgit
Highest Peaks: Kashmir
Highest Peak Height (m) States Banihal Pass Jammu & Jammu to Srinagar
Kanchendzonga 8586 Sikkim Kashmir
Nanda Devi 7817 Uttarakhand Pir Panjal Pass Jammu & Kashmir Valley to
Kamet 7756 Uttarakhand Kashmir Jammu

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India
Name Location Connects ▪ Pir Panjal is the largest range of the lower Himalayas.
Shipki La Himachal Simla with Tibet ▪ Important passes in this range- Pir Panjal pass, Banihal pass
Pradesh
Baralacha La Himachal Lahul to Leh Dhaula Dhar Range -
Pradesh ▪ It is located in lesser Himalayas
Rohtang Pass Himachal Manali and Lahul
Pradesh Zanskar Range -
Lipu Lekh Pass Uttarakhand Uttarakhand to Tibet ▪ It is located in the state of Jammu and Kashmir and
Mana Pass Uttarakhand India & China Uttarakhand.
Muling & Niti Uttarakhand Uttarakhand to Tibet
Pass Ladakh Range -
Nathula Sikkim Sikkim and Tibet ▪ It is a part of Karakoram Mountain.
Jelep la Sikkim Sikkim & Tibet
Others:
Bum La Pass Arunachal Arunachal to Tibet The highest mountain in India Kanchenjunga
Pradesh
The highest peak of Aravalli Guru Sikhar
Dhipu Pass Arunachal India, China & Myanmar
Oldest Mountain range in India Aravallis
Pradesh
The highest peak in the Western Ghats Anamudi
Dihang Pass Arunachal Arunachal Pradesh to
The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats Jindhagadha
Pradesh Myanmar
Peak
BhorGhat Maharashtra Mumbai and Pune
Mountains that divide Northern India Vindhyas
ThalGhat Maharashtra Nasik and Mumbai
from Deccan Plateau
Pal Ghat Tamil Nadu Kerala with Tamil Nadu
Kanchenjunga is the third highest mountain in the world. First
Mountain Ranges:
two highest mountains in the world
Major Himalayan Mountain Ranges are:
1. Mount Everest- 8,848.86 mts
2. K2 also known as Godwin Austin- 8,611 mts
Pir Panjal Range -
3. Kanchenjunga- 8,586 mts
▪ Located in Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir

1.11. List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India

Presently, there are 38 World Heritage Sites located in India. No. UNESCO Site Location Year of
India has the sixth-largest number of sites in the world. Nomination
No. UNESCO Site Location Year of 15 Great Living Chola Tamil Nadu 1987
Nomination Temples
1 Taj Mahal Agra, Uttar 1983 16 Group of Monuments Karnataka 1987
Pradesh at Pattadakal
2 Agra Fort Uttar Pradesh 1983 17 Sundarban National West Bengal 1987
3 Ajanta Caves Maharashtra 1983 Park
4 Ellora Caves Aurangabad, 1983 18 Nanda Devi National Uttarakhand 1988
Maharashtra Park
5 Monuments at Chennai, 1984 19 Buddhist Monuments Madhya 1989
Mahabalipuram Tamil Nadu at Sanchi Pradesh
6 Sun Temple Konark Odisha 1984 20 Humayun’s Tomb Delhi 1993
7 Kaziranga National Assam 1985 21 Qutb Minar and its Delhi 1993
Park Monuments
8 Keoladeo National Rajasthan 1985 22 Mountain Railways of West Bengal 1999
Park India
9 Manas Wildlife Assam 1985 23 Mahabodhi Temple Bodh Gaya, 2001
Sanctuary Complex Bihar
10 Churches and Goa 1986 24 Rock Shelters of Madhya 2003
Convents of Goa Bhimbetka Pradesh
11 Fatehpur Sikri Agra, Uttar 1986 25 Champaner- Pavagadh Gujarat 2004
Pradesh Archaeological Park
12 Group of Monuments Bellary, 1986 26 ChhatrapathiShivaji Mumbai, 2004
at Hampi Karnataka Terminus Maharashtra
13 Khajuraho Group of Madhya 1986 27 Red Fort Complex Delhi 2007
Monuments Pradesh 28 Jantar Mantar Jaipur, 2010
14 Elephanta Caves Mumbai, 1987 Rajasthan
Maharashtra

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Ramsar Sites in India
No. UNESCO Site Location Year of No. UNESCO Site Location Year of
Nomination Nomination
29 Western Ghats Kanyakumari, 2010 35 The archaeological site Nalanda, 2016
Tamil Nadu of Nalanda Mahavihara Bihar
30 Hill Forts of Rajasthan Rajasthan 2013 36 Historic City of Gujarat 2017
31 Rani- ki- Vav (the Patan, Gujarat 2014 Ahmadabad
Queen’s Stepwell) 37 Victorian Gothic and Mumbai, 2018
32 The Great Himalayan Himachal 2014 Art Deco Ensembles of Maharashtra
National Park Pradesh Mumbai
33 Khangchendzonga Sikkim 2016 38 Pink City Jaipur, 2019
National Park Rajasthan
34 The Architectural Work Chandigarh 2016 39 Kakatiya Rudreshwara Telangana 2020
of Le Corbusier, an (Ramappa) Temple
Outstanding 40 Dholavira: A Harappan Gujarat 2021
Contribution to the city
Modern Movement

1.12. List of Ramsar Sites in India

❖ 75 wetlands in India have international importance and are No. Ramsar Site Location
hence recognized as the Ramsar Sites in India. 15 Kolleru Lake Andhra
❖ On 2nd February 2021, India’s first Centre for Wetland Pradesh
Conservation and Management has been set up in Chennai. 16 Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve Punjab
❖ The term was coined when the International Treaty for the 17 Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary Gujarat
18 Loktak Lake Manipur
Conservation and Sustainable Use of Wetlands was signed
19 Lonar Lake Maharashtra
in a city of Iran called Ramsar in 1971.
20 Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary Punjab
❖ Tamil Nadu (14) has the most number of Ramsar Sites in
21 NandurMadhameshwar Maharashtra
India. It has 8 Indian Wetlands. 22 Parvati Agra Bird Sanctuary Uttar Pradesh
❖ Chilika Lake (Orissa) and Keoladeo National Park 23 Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary Uttar Pradesh
(Rajasthan) were recognized as the first Ramsar Sites of 24 Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Tamil Nadu
India. Sanctuary
❖ Sundarbans is the largest Ramsar Site in India. 25 Pong Dam Lake Himachal
❖ Renuka Wetland in Himachal Pradesh is the smallest 26 Renuka Lake Pradesh
wetland in India. 27 Ropar Wetland Punjab
❖ The world’s First Ramsar site was identified in 1974, which 28 Rudrasagar Lake Tripura
29 Saman Bird Sanctuary Uttar Pradesh
was the Cobourg Peninsula in Australia.
30 Samaspur Bird Sanctuary Uttar Pradesh
❖ The United Kingdom has the world’s largest number of
31 Sambhar Lake Rajasthan
Ramsar sites i.e. 175. Bolivia has the largest area with 148,000
32 Sandi Bird Sanctuary Uttar Pradesh
square km under the Convention protection. 33 SarsaiNawarJheel Uttar Pradesh
34 Sasthamkotta Lake Kerala
No. Ramsar Site Location
35 Sunderbans Wetland West Bengal
1 Asan Conservation Reserve Uttarakhand
36 Surinsar- Mansar Lakes Jammu and
2 Ashtamudi Wetland Kerala Kashmir
3 Beas Conservation Reserve Punjab 37 Sur Sarovar Uttar Pradesh
4 Bhitarkanika Mangroves Odisha 38 Tsomoriri Jammu and
5 Bhoj Wetlands Madhya Kashmir
Pradesh 39 Tso Kar Ladakh
6 Chilika Lake Odisha 40 Vembanad Kol Wetland Kerala
7 Chandra Taal Himachal 41 Wular Lake Jammu and
Pradesh Kashmir
8 DeeporBeel Assam 42 Upper Ganga River Uttar Pradesh
9 East Kolkata Wetlands West Bengal 43 Haiderpur Wetland Uttar Pradesh
10 Harike Wetlands Punjab 44 Sultanpur Natioanl Park Haryana
11 Hokera Wetland Jammu and 45 Bhindawas Wildlife Sancturar Haryana
Kashmir
46 Thol Lake Gujarat
12 Kanjli Wetland Punjab
47 Wadhvana Wetland Gujarat
13 Kanwar Taal Wetland Bihar
48 Bakhira Sanctuary Uttar Pradesh
14 Keoladeo Ghana National Park Rajasthan
49 Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary Gujarat
50 Karikili Bird Sanctuary Tamil Nadu

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Important Lakes in India
No. Ramsar Site Location No. Ramsar Site Location
51 Pallikaranai Marsh Reserve Forest Tamil Nadu 64 Sirpur Wetland Madhya
52 Pichavaram Mangrove Tamil Nadu Pradesh
53 Pala wetland Mizoram 65 Hirakud Reservoir Odisha
54 Sakhya Sagar Madhya 66 Tampara Lake Odisha
Pradesh 67 Ansupa Lake Odisha
55 Koothankulam Bird Sanctuary Tamil Nadu 68 Yashwant Sagar Madhya
56 Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Tamil Nadu Pradesh
Reserve 69 Thane Creek Maharashtra
57 Vembannur Wetland Complex Tamil Nadu 70 Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary Tamil Nadu
58 Vellode Bird Sanctuary Tamil Nadu 71 Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary Tamil Nadu
59 Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary Tamil Nadu 72 Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary Tamil Nadu
60 Udhayamarthandapuram Bird Tamil Nadu 73 Suchindram Theroor Wetland Tamil Nadu
Sanctuary Complex
61 Satkosia Gorge Odisha 74 Hygam Wetlands Conservation Jammu and
62 Nanda Lake Goa Reserve Kashmir
63 Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary Karnataka 75 Shallbugh Wetlands Conservation Jammu and
Reserve Kashmir

1.13. List of Important Lakes in India No. Lake Name Location

• Vembanad Lake in Kerala is the longest lake in India. 30 Blue Bird Lake Hisar, Haryana
• Gurudongmar Lake in Sikkim is the highest lake in the 31 Dal Lake Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
32 Tso Moriri Ladakh
world and India.
33 Wular Lake Bandipora, Jammu and
• Lonar Lake is a notified National Geo-heritage
Kashmir
Monument, saline, soda lake, located at Lonar in 34 Manasbal Lake Ganderbal, Jammu and
Buldhana district, Maharashtra. Kashmir
35 Mansar Lake Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir
No. Lake Name Location 36 Sheshnag Lake Anantnag, Jammu, and
1 Kolleru Lake Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh Kashmir
2 Pulicat Lake Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh 37 Bellandur Lake Bengaluru, Karnataka
3 Deepor Beel Kamrup, Assam 38 Ulsoor Lake Bengaluru, Karnataka
4 Chandubi Lake Kamrup, Assam 39 Sankey Lake Bengaluru, Karnataka
5 Haflong Lake Silchar, Assam 40 Lalbagh Lake Bengaluru, Karnataka
6 Son Beel Karimganj, Assam 41 Madiwala Lake Bengaluru, Karnataka
7 Kanwar Lake Begusarai, Bihar 42 Lingambudhi Lake Mysore, Karnataka
8 Hamirsar Lake Kutch, Gujarat 43 Karanji Lake Mysore, Karnataka
9 Kankaria Lake Karnavati, Gujarat 44 Pampa Sarovar Hampi, Karnataka
10 Thol Lake Mehsana, Gujarat 45 Ashtamudi Lake Kollam, Kerala
11 Nal Sarovar Karnavati, Gujarat 46 Maanaanchira Lake Kozhikode, Kerala
12 Lakhota Lake Jamnagar, Gujarat 47 Paravur Kayal Kollam, Kerala
13 Vastrapur Lake Karnavati, Gujarat 48 Punnamada Lake Alapuzzha, Kerala
14 Sursagar Lake Vadodara, Gujarat 49 Shasthamkotta Lake Kollam, Kerala
15 Dhankar Lake Lagaul- Spiti, Himachal 50 Vembanad Lake Kerala
Pradesh 51 Vellayani Lake Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
16 Brighu Lake Kullu, Himachal Pradesh 52 Bhojtal Lake Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
17 Dashir Lake Keylong, Himachal Pradesh 53 Gorewada Lake Nagpur, Maharashtra
18 Khajjar Lake Chamba, Himachal Pradesh 54 Pashan Lake Pune, Maharashtra
19 Kareri Lake Kangra, Himachal Pradesh 55 Shivajisagar Lake Satara, Maharashtra
20 Maharana Pratap Kangra, Himachal Pradesh 56 Umiam Lake Shillong, Meghalaya
Sagar 57 Loktak Lake Moirang, Manipur
21 Macchial lake Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 58 Palak Dil Lake Saiha, Mizoram
22 Nako Lake Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh 59 Anshupa Lake Cuttack, Odisha
23 Pandoh Lake Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 60 Chilka Lake Puri, Odisha
24 Prashar Lake Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 61 Kanjia Lake Bhubaneswar, Odisha
25 Suraj Taal Lahul and Spiti, Himachal 62 Kanjli Wetland Kapurthala, Punjab
Pradesh 63 Harike Wetland Ferozepur, Punjab
26 Rewalsar Lake Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 64 Ropar Wetland Rupnagar, Punjab
27 Brahma Sarovar Thanesar, Haryana 65 Dhebar Lake Udaipur, Rajasthan
28 Surajkund Lake Faridabad, Haryana 66 Pushkar Lake Ajmer, Rajasthan
29 Tilyar Lake Rohtak , Haryana 67 Rajsamand Lake Rajsamand, Rajasthan

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Important Forts & Palaces in India
No. Lake Name Location No. Lake Name Location
68 Sambhar Salt Lake Jaipur, Rajasthan 81 Puzhal Lake Chennai, Tamil Nadu
69 Ramgarh Lake Jaipur, Rajasthan 82 Sholavaram Lake Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu
70 Mansagar Lake Jaipur, Rajasthan 83 Veeranam Lake Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu
71 Fateh Sagar Lake Udaipur, Rajasthan 84 Belasagar Lake Kulpahar, Uttar Pradesh
72 Rangsagar Lake Udaipur, Rajasthan 85 Bhimtal Lake Nainital, Uttarakhand
73 Swaroopsagar Lake Udaipur, Rajasthan 86 Dodital Lake Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand
74 Tsongmo Sikkim 87 Rabindra Sarobar Kolkata, West Bengal
75 Chomalu Gangtok, Sikkim Lake
76 Hussain Sagar Hyderabad, Telangana 88 Senchal Lake Darjeeling, West Bengal
77 Osman Sagar Hyderabad, Telangana 89 East Calcutta Kolkata, West Bengal
78 Himayat Sagar Hyderabad, Telangana Wetlands
79 Mir Alam Tank Hyderabad, Telangana 90 Santragachhi Lake Howrah, West Bengal
80 Chembarambakkam Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Lake

1.14. List of Important Forts & Palaces in India

Forts in India: State Palace Location
State Fort Place Bolgatty Palace Kochi
New Delhi Red fort New Delhi Madhya Jai Vilas Palace Gwalior
Himachal Pradesh Kangara Fort Kangara Pradesh Jahaz Mahal Mandu
Karnataka Sriranga-patnam Sriranga-patnam Maharashtra Aga Khan Palace Pune
Fort Lal Mahal (Red Palace) Pune
Kolkata Fort William West Bengal Shalini Palace Kolhapur
Madhya Pradesh Gwalior Fort Gwalior Farah Bagh Palace Ahmednagar
Maharashtra Panhala Fort Kolhapur Naukhanda Palace Aurangabad
Sindhudurg Fort Sindhudurg Manipur Kangla Palace Imphal
Daulatabad Fort Aurangabad Odisha Brundaban Palace Paralakhemundi,
Rajasthan Ranthambore Fort Sawai Madhopur (Gajapati Palace) Gajapati District
Meharangarh Fort Jodhpur Punjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh Amritstar
Kumbhalgarh Fort Rajsamand Palace
Amber Fort Amber Rajasthan Amber Palace (Amer Jaipur
Junagarh Fort Bikaner Town)
Chittorgarh Fort Chittorgarh City Palace Jaipur
Jaisalmer Fort Jaisalmer (Chandra Mahal and
Tamil Nadu Gingee Fort Villupuram Mubarak Mahal
Fort St. George Chennai palaces)
Telangana Golconda Fort Hyderabad Hawa Mahal Jaipur
Warangal Fort Warangal Jal Mahal (in Jaipur
Uttar Pradesh Agra fort Agra Mansagar Lake)
Rambagh Palace Jaipur
Palaces in India: Monsoon Palace Udaipur
State Palace Location (Sajjan Garh Palace)
Assam Ahom Raja’s Palace Garhgaon Lake Palace Udaipur
Bihar Anand Bagh Palace Darbhanga Shiv Niwas Palace Udaipur
Navlakha Palace Rajnagar (Lake Pichola)
Nargona Palace Darbhanga Island Palace ( Jag Udaipur
Chhattisgarh Kawardha Palace Kawardha Mandir)
Bastar Palace Jagdalpur Lalgarh Palace Bikaner
Kanker Palace Kanker Umaid Bhawan Palace Jodhpur
Gujarat Laxmi Vilas Palace Vadodara Laxmi Vilas Palace Bharatpur
Jammu & Amar Mahal Palace Jammu Udai Vilas Palace Bharatpur
Kashmir Mubarak Mandi Jammu Tamil Nadu Padmanabhapuram Kanyakumari
Palace Palace
Leh Palace Leh, Namgyal Hill Thirumalai Nayakkar Madurai
Karnataka Jagan Mohan Palace Mysore Palace
Mysore Palace Mysore Telangana Chowmahalla Palace Hyderabad
(Amba Vilas Palace) King Kothi Palace Hyderabad
Kerala Shakthan Thampuran Thrissur Falaknuma Palace Hyderabad
Palace Tripura Neer Mahal (Water Lake Rudrasagar,
Kowdiar Palace Trivandrum Palace) Melaghar

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - Famous Temples in India & its Location
State Palace Location State Palace Location
Ujjayanta Palace Agartala West Bengal Hazarduari Palace Hazarduari,
Kunjaban Palace Agartala Murshidabad
Uttar Pradesh Anand Bhawan Prayagraj Marble Palace Kolkata
(Allahabad) Cooch Behar Palace Cooch Behar
(Victor Jubilee Palace)

1.15. Famous Temples in India & its Location

No. Temple Name Location No. Temple Name Location

1 Meenakshi Temple Madurai, Tamil Nadu 21 Yamunotri Temple Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand
2 Ramanathaswamy Rameshwaram, Tamil 22 Gangotri Temple Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand
Temple Nadu 23 Kedarnath Temple Garhwal area,
3 Ranganathaswamy Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Uttarakhand
Temple Nadu 24 Konark Sun Temple Konark, Odisha
4 Brihadeshwara Temple Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 25 Jagannath Temple Puri, Odisha
5 Suchindram Temple Kanyakumari, Tamil 26 Lingaraja Temple Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Nadu 27 Golden Temple Amritsar, Punjab
6 Airavateswara Temple Darasuram, Tamil Nadu 28 Ranakpur Jain Temple Pali, Rajasthan
7 Nataraja Temple Chidambaram, Tamil 29 Padmanabaswamy Thiruvananthapuram,
Nadu Temple Kerala
8 Kanchipuram Temples Kanchipuram, Tamil 30 SanchiStupa Raisen, Madhya Pradesh
Nadu 31 Khajuraho Temple Khajuraho, Madhya
9 Virupaksha Temple Hampi, Karnataka Pradesh
10 Vitthala Temple Hampi, Karnataka 32 Mahabodhi Temple Bodh Gaya, Bihar
11 Gomateswara Temple Karnataka 33 Kamakhya Temple Guwahati, Assam
12 Lord Venkateswara Thirumala, Andhra 34 Iskcon Temple Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh
Temple Pradesh 35 Mukteshwara Temple Bhubaneswar, Odisha
13 Kashi Vishwanath Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 36 Neelkanth Mahadev Pauri Garhwal,
14 Somnath Temple Saurashtra, Gujarat Temple Uttarakhand
15 Dwarakadhish Temple Dwarka, Gujarat 37 Akshardham Temple Delhi
16 Shirdi Sai Baba Temple Shirdi, Maharashtra 38 Shri Digambar Jain Lal Delhi
17 Siddivinayak Temple Mumbai, Maharashtra Mandir
18 Vaishno Devi Temple Katra, Jammu and 39 Gomateshwara Temple Shravanabelagola,
Kashmir Karnataka
19 Amarnath Cave Temple Jammu and Kashmir 40 Tirupati Balaji Temple Tirumala, Andhra
20 Badrinath Temple Chamoli, Uttarakhand Pradesh

1.16. Famous Tombs or Mausoleum in India

No. Name Location No. Name Location

1 Humayun’s Tomb Delhi 16 Gumbaz Srirangapatna, Karnataka
2 Akbar’s Tomb Agra, Uttar Pradesh 17 Ahmed Shah’s Tomb Ahmedabad, Gujarat
3 Tomb of Adham Khan Mehrauli, Delhi 18 Hazira Maqbara Vadodara, Gujarat
4 Gol Gumbaz Bijapur, Karnataka 19 Tomb of Tansen Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh
5 Mahabat Maqbara Junagadh, Gujarat 20 Lal Khan Tomb Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
6 Bibi ka Maqbara Aurangabad, Maharashtra 21 Tomb of Ibrahim Khan Mahendragarh, Haryana
7 Qutb Shahi Tombs Hyderabad, Telangana Sur
8 Tomb of Safdar Jung Delhi 22 Lodi Gardens Tomb New Delhi
9 Sheikh Chilli’s Tomb Kurukshetra, Haryana 23 Tombs of Battashewala Delhi
10 Tomb of Mariam uz Sikandra, Uttar Pradesh Complex
Zamani 24 Gulab Bari Faizabad, UP
11 Sher Shah’s Tomb Sasaram, Bihar 25 Chor Gumbad Mahendragarh, Haryana
12 Isa Khans Tomb Delhi 26 Tomb of I’timad ud Agra, UP
13 Alluri Sitarama Raju Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Daulah
Tomb Pradesh 27 Eklakhi Mausoleum Malda, West Bengal
14 Tomb of Sher Afghan West Bengal 28 Kotla Mubarakpur Delhi
15 Taj Mahal Agra, Uttar Pradesh Complex

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - Nuclear Powerplants of India

1.17. Nuclear Powerplants of India

Department of Atomic Energy

R&D Organizations Public Sector Undertakings Industrial Facilities Aided Institutions
BARC Mumbai HWB Mumbai TIFR Mumbai
IGCAR Karpakkam NPCIL Mumbai NFC Hyderabad TMC Mumbai
RRCAT Indore IREL Mumbai BRIT Mumbai SINP Kolkata
VECC Kolkata UCIL Jaduguda IoP Bhubaneswar
AMD Hyderabad ECIL Hyderabad HRI Allahabad
GCNEP Jassour BHAVINI Kalpakkam NISER Bhubaneshwar
Khairi IMSc Chennai
IPR Ahmedabad
AEES Mumbai
HBNI Mumbai

❖ R&D Organisations ❖ Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs)

➢ BARC - Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai ➢ NPCIL – Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited,
❖ The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is India's Mumbai
premier nuclear research facility, headquartered in Trombay, ❖ The Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited
Mumbai, Maharashtra. Founded by Homi Jehangir Bhabha (NPCIL) is an Indian public sector undertaking based
Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay (AEET) in January in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is wholly owned by the
1954 as a multidisciplinary research program essential for Government of India and is responsible for the
India's nuclear program. It operates under the Department generation of electricity from nuclear power. NPCIL is
of Atomic Energy (DAE), which is directly overseen by the administered by the Department of Atomic Energy
Prime Minister of India. In 1966 after the death of Mr (DAE).
Bhabha, AEET was renamed as Bhabha Atomic Research ➢ BHAVINI – The Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam
Centre (BARC). Limited, Chennai
➢ IGCAR – Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, ➢ ECIL – Electronics Corporation of India Limited,
Kalpakkam Hyderabad
❖ Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR) is ➢ IREL – Indian Rare Earths Limited, Mumbai
one of India's premier nuclear research centres. It is the ➢ UCIL – Uranium Corporation of India, Singhbhum,
second-largest establishment of the Department of Jharkhand
Atomic Energy (DAE), next to Bhabha Atomic ❖ Industrial Facilities
Research Centre (BARC), located at Kalpakkam, 80 km ➢ HWB – Heavy Water Board, Mumbai
south of Chennai, India.[1] It was established in 1971 as ➢ NFC – Nuclear Fuel Complex, Hyderabad
an exclusive center dedicated to the pursuit of fast ➢ BRIT – Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology,
reactor science and technology, due to the vision of Dr Mumbai
Vikram Sarabhai.[2] Originally, it was called as Reactor ❖ Aided Institutions
Research Centre (RRC). It was renamed as Indira ➢ TIFR – Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai
Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR) by the ➢ TMC – Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai
then Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi in ➢ SINP – Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata
December 1985. ➢ IoP – Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar
➢ RRCAT – Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced ➢ HRI – Harish – Chandra Research Institute, Prayagraj
Technology, Indore ➢ NSIR – National Institute of Science Education and
➢ VECC – Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata Research
➢ AMD – Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration ➢ IMSc – Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai
and Research, Hyderabad ➢ IPR – Institute of Plasma Research, Ahmedabad
➢ GCNEP – Global Centre for Nuclear Energy ➢ AEES – Atomic Energy Education Society, Mumbai
Partnership, Bahadurgarh, Haryana ➢ HBNI – Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai

1.18. List of Research & Educational Institutes in India

No. Research Institute Name Location No. Research Institute Name Location
1 Indian Agricultural Research New Delhi 2 Central Sugarcane Research Coimbatore
Institute Institute

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of High Courts in India and its Location
No. Research Institute Name Location No. Research Institute Name Location
3 Central Forest Research Dehradun, 27 Central Leprosy Training and Tamil Nadu
Institute Uttarakhand Research Institute
4 Indian Cancer Research Mumbai 28 National Institute of Goa
Institute Oceanography
5 Indian Institute of Petroleum Dehradun 29 Central Glass and Ceramic West Bengal
6 Indian Meteorological New Delhi Research Institute
Observatory 30 Central Scientific Instruments Chandigarh
7 Indian Veterinary Research Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh Organization
Institute 31 National Geophysical Hyderabad, Telangana
8 Central Rice Research Cuttack, Odisha Research Institute
Institute 32 National Aeronautical Bengaluru, Karnataka
9 Central Potato Research Shimla, Himachal Laboratory
Institute Pradesh 33 Vallabhai Patel Chest New Delhi
10 Central Fuel Research Dhanbad, Jharkhand Institute
Institute 34 High Altitude Research Jammu and Kashmir
11 National Sugar Research Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh Laboratory
Institute 35 Central Marine Research Tamil Nadu
12 Central Road Research New Delhi Station
Institute 36 Council of Scientific and New Delhi
13 Central Leather Research Chennai, Tamil Nadu Industrial Research
Institute 37 Indian Space Research Bangalore, Karnataka
14 Central Drug Research Lucknow, Uttar Organization (ISRO)
Institute Pradesh 38 Indira Gandhi Centre for Tamil Nadu
15 National Institute of Virology Pune, Maharashtra Atomic Research
16 Central Building Research Roorkee, Uttarakhand 39 Institute of Plasma Research Gujarat
Institute 40 National Botanical Research Uttar Pradesh
17 Central Mining Research Dhanbad, Jharkhand Institute
Institute 41 National Council for Cement Hyderabad, Telangana
18 Central Electro-chemical Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu and Building Materials
Research Institute 42 National Metallurgical Jharkhand
19 Central Coconut Research Chowki, Kerala Laboratory
Institute 43 National Tuberculosis Karnataka
20 National Institute of Hyderabad, Telangana Institute
Nutrition 44 Seismic Research Centre Karnataka
21 National Tuberculosis Bengaluru, Karnataka 45 Wool Research Association Maharashtra
Institute 46 Structural Engineering Tamil Nadu
22 National Dairy Research Karnal, Haryana Research Centre
Institute 47 National Institute of Gujarat
23 National Botanical Research Lucknow, Uttar Occupational Health
Institute Pradesh 48 National Environmental Maharashtra
24 Archaeological Survey of New Delhi Engineering Research
India Institute
25 Textile Research Institute Ahmadabad, Gujarat 49 National Institute of New Delhi
26 All India Malaria Research New Delhi Communicable Diseases
Institute 50 Uranium Corporation of Jharkhand
India

1.19. List of High Courts in India and its Location

High Court Territorial Jurisdiction Bench Chief Justice

1 Madras Tamil Nadu Pondicherry Madurai Sanjay V.Gangapurwala
2 Bombay Maharashtra, Goa, Daman & Diu Aurangabad, Nagpur, Nitin Madhukar Jamdar(Acting)
Dadra& Nagar Haveli Panaji
3 Kolkata West Bengal Andaman & Nicobar Port Blair, Jalpaiguri T.S.Sivagnanam
Islands
4 Allahabad Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Pritinker Diwaker
5 Patna Bihar Patna K. Vinod Chandan
6 Karnataka Karnataka Dharwad, Kalaburagi Prasanna B. Varale
7 Odisha Odisha Cuttack S. Muralidhar
8 Jammu & Kashmir Jammu & Kashmir Srinagar N.Kotishwar Singh

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - Important Indian Cities Located in River Banks
High Court Territorial Jurisdiction Bench Chief Justice
9 Guwahati Assam Nagaland Mizoram Arunachal Aizawl, Itanagar, Kohima Sandeep Mehta
Pradesh
10 Kerala Kerala Lakshadweep Ernakulam Sarasa Venkatanarayana Bhatti
11 Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Amaravati Akula Venkata Sesha
Sai(Acting)
12 Rajasthan Rajasthan Jaipur Augustine George Masih
13 Gujarat Gujarat Karnavati (Ahmedabad) Ashish Jitendra Desai
14 Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Gwalior and Indore Ravi Malimath
15 Delhi Delhi Delhi Satish Chandra Sharma
16 Uttarakhand Uttarakhand Nainital Vipin Sanghi
17 Sikkim Sikkim Gangtok Biswanath Somadder
18 Chattisgarh Chattisgarh Bilaspur Ramesh Sinha
19 Jharkhand Jharkhand Ranchi Sanjaya Kumar Mishra
20 Tripura Tripura Agartala Aparesh Kumar Singh
21 Meghalaya Meghalaya Shillong Sanjib Banerjee
22 Manipur Manipur Imphal M.V.Muralidharan(Acting)
23 Telangana Telangana Hyderabad Ujjal Bhuyan
24 Punjab & Haryana Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh Chandigarh Ravi Shankar Jha
25 Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh Shimla M.S.Ramachandra Rao

1.20. Important Indian Cities Located in River Banks

State City River State City River

Andhra Pradesh Rajahmundry Godavari Gwalior Chambal
Vijayawada Krishna Jabalpur Narmada
Kurnool Tungabadra Ashta Parwati
Nellore Pennar Maharashtra Karjat Ulhas
Srikakulam Nagavali Pune Mula, Mutha
Amaravati Krishna Malegaon Girna River
Assam Dibrugarh Brahmaputra Karad Krishna, Koyna
Guwahati Brahmaputra Nashik Godavari
Bihar Bhagalpur Ganges Nanded Godavari
Patna Ganges Sangli Krishna
Gaya Falgu Mahad Savitri
(Neeranjana) Odisha Rourkela Brahmani
Hajipur Ganges Sambalpur Mahanadi
Munger Ganges Cuttack Mahanadi
Jamalpur Ganges Banki Mahanadi
Purnia Koshi Brahmapur Rushikulya
Delhi New Delhi Yamuna Chhatrapur Rushikulya
Daman Daman Daman Ganga Punjab Ferozpur Sutlej
River Rajasthan Kota Chambal
Gujarat Surat Tapti Telangana Hyderabad Musi
Karnavati Sabarmati Nizamabad Godavari
(Ahmedabad) Tamil Nadu Chennai Cooum, Adyar
Bharuch Narmada Coimbatore Noyyal
Vadodara Vishwamitri Madurai Vaigai
Jammu and Srinagar Jhelum Thirichirapalli Kaveri
Kashmir Erode Kaveri
Karnataka Mangalore Netravati, Tirunelveli Thamirabarani
Gurupara Kanchipuram Vegavathi, Palar
Hospet Tungabhadra Thanjavur Vennaru,
Shimoga Tunga River Vadavaaru
Karwar Kali Uttar Pradesh Prayag (Allahabad) Ganges,Yamuna,
Bhadravati Bhadra Saraswati
Bagalkot Ghataprabha Agra Yamuna
Bangalore Vrishabhavathi Kanpur Ganges
Honnavar Sharavathi Ayodhya Saryu
Madhya Pradesh Ujjain Shipra Varanasi Ganges

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Important Dams, Reservoirs and Rivers in India
State City River State City River
Jaunpur Gomti Kanpur Cantonment Ganges
Etawah Yamuna Chakeri Ganges
Mathura Yamuna Mirzapur Ganges
Auraiya Yamuna Budaun Sot
Kannauj Ganges Uttarakhand Murshidabad Hooghly
Farrukhabad Ganges Haridwar Ganges
Fatehgarh Ganges Badrinath Alaknanda
Gorakhpur Rapti West Bengal Kolkatta Hooghly
Shuklaganj Ganges Sikkim Rangpo Teesta
Lucknow Gomti

1.21. List of Important Dams, Reservoirs and Rivers in India

Highest Dam in India: Tehri Dam (Uttarakhand) State Dams/ Reservoir River
Longest Dam in India: Hirakud Dam (Odisha) NathpaJakhri Sutlej
Oldest Dam in India: Kallanai Dam (Tamil Nadu) Dam
Koldam Sutlej
State Dams/ Reservoir River Kishau Tons
Andhra Pradesh Nagarjunasagar Krishna Pong Dam Beas
Dam Gobind Sagar Sutlej
Somasila Dam Penna Reservoir
Nizamsagar Dam Manjira Maharana Pratap Pong Dam Lake
Srisailam Krishna Sagar Reservoir
Kalyani Dam Swarnamukhi Jammu and Salal Dam Chenab
Veligallu Dam Papagni Kashmir Uri Dam Jhelum
Ramagundam Godavari Baglihar Dam Chenab
Singur dam Manjira Cholal Dam Cholal Choe
Jalaput Dam Godavari Chutak Suru
Tatipudi Gosthani Hydroelectric
Reservoir Plant
Gandipalem Pillaperu Nimoo Bazgo Indus
Reservoir Hydroelectric
Gandikota Penna Plant
Reservoir Jharkhand Konar Dam Konar
Arunachal Dibang Dibang Tenughat Damodar
Pradesh Ranganadi Ranganadi Maithon Barakar
Bihar Nagi Dam Nagi River Panchet Damodar
Chhattisgarh Dudhawa dam Mahanadi Chandil Subarnarekha
Minimata Bango Hasdeo Karnataka Lakhya Lakya
(Hasdeo) Almatti Krishna
Gangreal Dam Mahanadi Bhadra Bhadra
(R.S. Sagar) Hemavathi Hemavathi
Kutaghat Kharang Hidkal Ghataprabha
Gujarat Sardar Sarovar Narmada Malaprabha Malaprabha
Dam Linganamakki Sharavathi
Ukai Dam Tapi Supa Kalinadi (Kali)
Dantiwada West Banas River
Kandana Mahi Tunga Bhadra Thunga Bhadra
Kamleshwar Hiran Kadra Kalinadi
Dharoi Sabarmathi Krishnaraja Sagar Kaveri
Dholidhaja Bhogavo Basava Sagar Krishna
Karjan dam Karjan Dam
Himachal Chamera Dam Ravi (Narayanpur)
Pradesh Maharana Pratap Beas Kodasalli Dam Kali
Sagar Dam Ghataprabha Ghataprabha
Pandoh Dam Beas Reservoir
Bhakra Nangal Sutlej Hemavathi Hemavathi
Dam Reservoir
Kerala Malampuzha Malampuzha

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Important Festivals in India
State Dams/ Reservoir River State Dams/ Reservoir River
Idukki Arch Dam Periyar Bakhra Nangal Bakhra Nangal
Kulamavu Kaliyar Dam
Cheruthoni Periyar river Damsal Dam Damsal
Idamalayar Edamalayar/ Rajasthan Jawahar Sagar Chambal
Periyar Bisalpur Banas
Kakki Kakki Jawai Jawai/ Luni
Mullaiperiyar Periyar Mahai Bajaj Sagar Mahi
Neyyar Dam Neyyar Dam
Parambikulam Parambikulam Rana Pratap Chambal
Banasura Sagar Kabini Sagar Dam
Walayar Walayar Tamilnadu Mettur Dam Cauveri
Ladakh Dumkar Indus BhavaniSagar Bhavani
Hydroelectric Kallanai Dam Kaveri
Dam
Aliyar Aliyar
Madhya Pradesh Bargi Narmada
Bansagar Son Amaravathi Amaravathi
Indira Sagar Dam Narmada Sholaiyar Sholaiyar
Gandhi Sagar Dam Chambal Vaigai Vaigai
Madikheda Dam Sindh River Chittar Chittar
Omkareshwar Narmada Pechiparai Kodayar
Tawa Tawa Manimuthar Manimuthar
Rajghat Betwa Shoolagiri Chinnar
Maharashtra Koyna Koyna Chinnar
Bhatsa Bhatsa & Chorna Reservoir
River Kullursandai Arjuna Nadi
Isapur Dam Penganga Reservoir
Jayakwadi Godavari Perunchani Paralayar
(Paithan) Telangana Ramagundam Godavari
Totladoh Pench Manair Manair
Warna Warna Dindi Reservoir Krishna
Ujjani (Bhima) Bhima NizamSagar Manjira
Yeldari Purna Singur Manjira
Mulshi Mula Somasila Pennar
Panshet Ambi SriramSagar Godavari
Girna Girna and Srisailam Krishna
Godavari River Uttar Pradesh Dhanraul Ghaghar
Radhanagiri Bhogawati Parichha Betwa
Khadakwasla Mutha Rihand Rihand
Vaitarna Vaitarna Rajghat Betwa
Odisha Indravati Indravati GovindBallabh Rihand
Mandira Sankh Pant Sagar Dam
Hirakud Mahanadi Matatila Betwa
Muran Muran Uttarakhand Tehri Bhagirathi
Rengali Brahmni Dhauliganga Dhauliganga
Kapur Kapur Lakhwar Yamuna
Upper Kolab Kolab Jamrani Gola
Podagada Podagada Koteshwar Bhagirathi
Balimela Sileru Ramganga Ramganga
Reservoir West Bengal Kangasabati Kangasabati,
Punjab Siswan Dam Siswan Kumari
Ranjit Sagar Ranjit Sagar Panchet Dam Damodar
(Thein) Dam (Thein) Durgapur Barrage Damodar
Farakka barrage Ganges

1.22. List of Important Festivals in India

State Festival State Festival

Andhra Sankranthi, Deepothsavam Tyagaraja Festival, Telangana Ugadi, Bathukamma, Kothakonda Jakara
Pradesh Ugadi (New year), Rottela Panduga, Bihar Chhath, Sama Chakeva, Rajgir Dance festival,
Brahmotsavam Jivitputrika, Bihula, Madhushravani

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Famous Indian Cities and their Nicknames
State Festival State Festival
Haryana Surajkund Craft Mela, Baisakhi Festival Barsha, Nandikar National Theatre festival,
Delhi Bharat Rang Mahotsav, Qutub Festival, Kobita Utsav (Poetry festival)
Sabrang Utsav, Siffcy, Jahan- e- Kusrau Sikkim International Flower festival, Saga Dawa
Assam Bihu, Bohag Bihu, Kati Bihu (or Kangali Bihu) Ladakh (UT) Sindhu Darshan Festival, Hemis Festival
, Porag, Gaan- Ngai, Majuli festival, Dehing Nagaland Metemneo Festival, Hornbill
Patkai Festival, Ambubasi festival. Chhattisgarh Bastar Dussehra
Gujarat Navaratri, Kite Festival, Modhera Dance Manipur Kut festival, Orange festival, Sangai Festival
Festival, Saptak Music Festival, Holi Arunachal Losar Festival
Goa Feast of Three Kings, Sunburn Festival, Pradesh
Gokulastami, Feast of St Francis Xavier, Jharkhand Tusu festival
Fontainhas Festival of Art, Mando Festival Mizoram Chapchar Kut Festival, Zo Festival
Himachal MinjarMela, Kullu Dussehra, Jwalamukhi Fair, Meghalaya Cherry Blossom Festival
Pradesh Losar Festival
Jammu and Accession Day, Sont, Galdan Namchot, Jeth List of (Season-specific) Harvest Festivals in India –
Kashmir Asthami, Mela at Hemis Gampa, Har Navami, ▪ North India : Makar Sankranti, Baisakhi, Ladakh
Chhari Festival, Tulip Festival harvest festival, Lohri, Basant Panchami
Karnataka Makara Sankranthi, Ugadi, Japan Habba, ▪ South India: Onam, Pongal, Ugadi, Vishu
Karaga, Kanakadasa Jayanthi.
▪ East & West India : Bhogali Bihu, Wangala, Ka
Kerala Onam, Theyyam, Poorum, Nehru Trophy Boat
Pomblang Nongkrem, Nuakhai, Gudi Padwa, Nabanna
Race
Maharashtra GudiPadva, Rishi Panchami, Ganesh
Chaturdi, Kala Ghoda Arts Festival
Other festivals –
Madhya Khajuraho Dance Festival, Malwa Utsav,
▪ Tihar is one of the festivals of India that is dedicated to
Pradesh Tansen Music Festival, Mandu Festival
certain animals, and things besides gods. They are
Odisha Rathyatra, Nuakhai, Dhanuyatra, Konark
festival, International sand art festival. classified as a day for dogs (Kukur Tihar), a day for
Punjab and Teej, Tikka, Holla Mohalla, Lohri, Guruprab, cows (Gai Tihar), etc.
Haryana Baisakhi ▪ Snake Boat Races are held in Kerala and several dozens
Rajasthan Camel Festival, Baneshwar fair, Gangaru, of men race on a boat in Kerala’s waterways and canals.
Chaksu Fair, Teej, Pushkar Fair, Urs at Ajmer,
Desert festival, Mewar Festival, Gangaur
Festival, Kolayat Fair New Year Festival -
Tripura Karachi Puja, Tripureshwari temple Festival, • Ugadi / Chaitra Suddha Padyami: Andhra Pradesh
Hornbill Festival, Lai Haraoba and Karnataka
Tamil Nādu Pongal, Panguni Uthiram, Puthandu (Tamil • Gudi Padva: Maharashtra
new year), Thaipoosam, JanguraHabba,
• Samvastsar Padvo: Goa
VaikundaEkadasi
• Naba Barsha: West Bengal
Uttar Brahmotsav, Ram Navami, Ban Yatra, Sravana
Pradesh Festival, Kans Ka Mela,Taj Mahotsav, Kumbh • Puthando: Tamil Nadu
Mela • Vishu: Kerala
West Bengal Dushera, Gangasagar Mela, Poush Mela,
Ramakrishna Utsav, Vasant Panchami, Naba

1.23. List of Famous Indian Cities and their Nicknames

State City • Nickname State City • Nickname

Andhra Guntur • City of Chillies Bihar Nalanda • The land of
Pradesh Vijayawada • The Place of Victory Knowledge
Tirupati • Spiritual Capital of Bhagalpur • Silk City of India
Andhra Pradesh Chhattisgarh Bhilai • Steel Capital of India
Visakhapatnam • The City of destiny Korba • Power Hub of India
• The Jewel of the East Chandigarh Chandigarh • Beautiful City
Coast Delhi New Delhi • City of Rallies
• Goa of the East Haryana Gurgaon • Millennium City of
Kakinada • City of Kaja India
• Pensioners Paradise Bhiwani • Mini Cuba
Rajahmundry • Cultural city Panipat • City of Weavers
Assam Guwahati • Gateway to North- • City of Handloom
east India Jammu and Kashmir • Switzerland of India
Tezpur • The city of Blood Kashmir Sri Nagar • City of Lakes
Dibrugarh • Tea city of India

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Famous Indian Cities and their Nicknames
State City • Nickname State City • Nickname
Jharkhand Dhanbad • Coal Capital of India • Banyan City
Jamshedpur • Steel City • World capital of
• Pittsburgh of India Garba
Karnataka Mangalore • Rome of the East Karnavati • Boston of India
• Cradle of Indian (Ahmedabad) • Manchester of India
Banking Tamil Nadu Chennai • Detroit of India
Bengaluru • Science City of India • Auto Hub of India
• Garden city of India • Health Capital of
• Silicon Valley of India
India • Gateway of South
• Space City India
Coorg • Scotland of India Coimbatore • Manchester of South
Mysore • The heritage city of India
Karnataka • Textile City of India
• City of Palaces • Pump City
• Green City Ooty • Queen of Hill
Kerala Kollam • Cashew Capital of Stations
the World Kodaikanal • Princess of Hill
• Prince of Arabian stations
Sea Vaniyambadi • Leather city of South
• Gateway of India
Backwater Tirunelveli • City of Paddy Fields
Kochi • Queen of Arabian • Oxford City of South
Sea India
• Gateway to Kerala • Halwa City of India
Kozhikode • City of Spices Thiruchirappalli • Rock Fort City
Thrissur • Gold capital of India • Tucker Trichy
Madhya Indore • Mini Mumbai • Energy Equipment
Pradesh Bhopal • City of Lakes and fabrication
capital of India
Ujjain • City of Temples
Madurai • Athens of the East
Maharashtra Mumbai • Financial Capital of
• City of Festivals
India
• Temple city
• City of Seven Islands
• Sleepless City
• City of Dreams
• City of Four
Pune • Queen of Deccan
Junctions
Nagpur • City of Oranges Nilgiri • Blue Mountain
Nasik • Wine Capital of India Telangana Hyderabad • City of Pearls
• Grape City of India • HITECH City
• California of India • City of Nizams
Kolhapur • City of Wrestlers • City of Briyani
Meghalaya Shillong • Scotland of the East Warangal • City of Lakes
Nagaland Zunheboto • Land of Warriors • City of Temples
Odisha Rourkela • Steel city of Odisha • Second City of
Cuttack • Silver City Nizam
Bhubaneswar • Temple City of India Uttar Agra • City of Taj
Pondicherry Pondicherry • Paris of the East Pradesh • Petha Nagri
Punjab Ludhiana • Manchester of Punjab Kanpur • Leather City of India
Patiala • Royal City • Manchester of North
Rajasthan Jodhpur • Blue City India
• Sun City Prayagraj • City of Prime
Jaipur • Pink City (Allahabad) Ministers
• Sangam city
• Paris of India
• Abode of the God
• City of Palaces
Udaipur • Venice of the East
Varanasi • The City of Light
• Spiritual Capital of
• White city
India
• City of Lakes
• Oldest Living city on
Jaisalmer • Golden City of India
Earth
Gujarat Surat • Diamond City of • Holy City
India
• City of Learning
• Textile City of India
Lucknow • The Golden City of
Vadodara • Cultural City of India India
• SayajiNagari • City of Nawabs

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - Cropping Patterns and Major Crops in India
State City • Nickname State City • Nickname
• Constantinople of the • Gateway of Eastern
East India
• Shiraz-e Hind Asansol • Land of Black
Uttarakhand Rishikesh • Yoga capital of the Diamonds
world Purulia • Manbhum City
Mussoorie • Queen of the Malda • Mango City
Mountains Durgapur • Ruhr of India
Nainital • City of Lakes Darjeeling • Queen of Hills
West Bengal Kolkatta • City of Joy
• Heaven of the Aged

1.24. Cropping Patterns and Major Crops in India

Two-thirds of India’s population is engaged in agricultural ▪ It is the staple food crop of the majority of Indian
activities. It is a primary activity, which produces food grains people.
and raw materials for industries. India is geographically a vast ▪ India is the second-largest producer of rice in the world
country so it has various food and non-food crops which are
after China.
cultivated in three main cropping seasons which are rabi, Kharif,
and Zaid. ▪ In states like Assam, West Bengal, and Odisha, three
Major crops can be classified into- crops of paddy are grown in a year. These are Aus,
▪ Food crops- Rice, Wheat, Millets, Maize, and Pulses. Aman, and Boro.
▪ Cash crops- Sugarcane, Oilseeds, Horticulture crops, ▪ National Food Security Mission, Hybrid Rice Seed
Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Cotton, and Jute. Production, and Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana are a few
government initiatives to support rice cultivation.
Cropping Seasons
No Cropping Time Crops States Wheat
Season Period ▪ Temperature: Between 10-15°C (Sowing time) and 21-
1 Rabi Sown: Wheat, Punjab, 26°C (Ripening & Harvesting) with bright sunlight.
October- barley, Haryana, ▪ Rainfall: Around 75-100 cm.
December peas, gram, Himachal
▪ Soil Type: Well-drained fertile loamy and clayey loamy
Harvested: mustard, Pradesh,
(Ganga-Satluj plains and black soil region of the Deccan)
April-June etc. Jammu and
Kashmir, ▪ Top Wheat Producing States: Uttar Pradesh > Punjab >
Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh > Haryana > Rajasthan.
and Uttar ▪ India is the second-largest producer after China.
Pradesh ▪ This is the second most important cereal crop and the
2 Kharif Sown: Rice, maize, Assam, West main food crop, in the north and north-western India.
June-July jowar, Bengal,
▪ The success of the Green Revolution contributed to the
Harvested: bajra, tur, coastal
growth of Rabi crops, especially wheat.
September- moong, regions of
October urad, Odisha, ▪ Macro Management Mode of Agriculture, National
cotton, jute, Andhra Food Security Mission, and Rashtriya Krishi Vikas
groundnut, Pradesh, Yojana are a few government initiatives to support
soybean, Telangana, wheat cultivation.
etc. Tamil Nadu,
Kerala, and Millets (Nutri-Cereals)
Maharashtra ▪ Temperature: Between 27-32°C
3 Zaid Sown and Seasonal Most of the ▪ Rainfall: Around 50-100 cm.
harvested: fruits, northern and
▪ Soil Type: Can be grown in inferior alluvial or loamy
March-July vegetables, northwestern
soil because they are less sensitive to soil deficiencies.
(between fodder states
Rabi and crops, etc. Jowar- Rain-fed crop grown in moist areas
Kharif) with less or no irrigation.
Major Food Crops Bajra- Sandy soils and shallow black soil.
Rice Ragi- Red, black, sandy, loamy, and shallow
▪ Temperature: Between 22-32°C with high humidity. black soils. (dry regions)
▪ Rainfall: Around 150-300 cm. ▪ Top Millets Producing States: Rajasthan > Karnataka >
▪ Soil Type: Deep clayey and loamy soil. Maharashtra > Madhya Pradesh > Uttar Pradesh
▪ Top Rice Producing States: West Bengal > Punjab >
Uttar Pradesh > Andhra Pradesh > Bihar.

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - Cropping Patterns and Major Crops in India
Jowar: Maharashtra > Karnataka > Madhya ▪ Top Sugarcane Producing States: Uttar Pradesh >
Pradesh > Tamil Nadu > Andhra Pradesh. Maharashtra > Karnataka > Tamil Nadu > Bihar.
Bajra: Rajasthan > Uttar Pradesh > Gujarat > ▪ India is the second-largest producer of sugarcane after
Madhya Pradesh > Haryana. Brazil.
▪ These are also known as coarse grains, which have high ▪ It can be grown on a variety of soils ranging from sandy
nutritional value. Ragi is very rich in iron, calcium, loam to clay loam given these soils should be well-
other micronutrients , and roughage. drained.
▪ Jowar is the third most important food crop with respect ▪ It needs manual labour from sowing to harvesting.
to area and production. ▪ It is the main source of sugar, gur (jaggery), khandsari,
▪ National Agricultural Insurance Scheme and Initiative and molasses.
for Nutritional Security through Intensive Millets ▪ Scheme for Extending Financial Assistance to Sugar
Promotion are examples of the government’s efforts to Undertakings (SEFASU) and National Policy on
support millet production. Biofuels are two of the government initiatives to
support sugarcane production and the sugar industry.
Maize
▪ Temperature: Between 21-27°C Oil Seeds
▪ Rainfall: High rainfall. ▪ Temperature: Between 15-30°C
▪ Soil Type: Old alluvial soil. ▪ Rainfall: Around 30-75 cm.
▪ Top Maize Producing States: Karnataka > Maharashtra ▪ Soil Type: Loam to clayey loam and well-drained sandy
> Madhya Pradesh > Tamil Nadu > Telangana loams.
▪ India is the seventh-largest producer worldwide. ▪ Top Oilseeds Producing States: Madhya Pradesh >
▪ It is used both as food and fodder. Rajasthan > Gujarat > Maharashtra > Uttar Pradesh.
▪ The use of modern inputs such as High-Yielding Variety ▪ The main oil seeds produced in India are groundnut,
seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation have contributed to mustard, coconut, sesamum (til), soybean, castor seeds,
the increasing production of maize. cotton seeds, linseed, and sunflower.
▪ Technology Mission on Maize is one of the ▪ Most of these are edible and used as cooking mediums.
government’s initiatives for mazie. However, some of these are also used as raw materials
in the production of soap, cosmetics, and ointments.
Pulses ▪ Yellow Revolution and Integrated Scheme on Oilseeds,
▪ Temperature: Between 20-27°C
Pulses, Oil Palm, and Maize (ISOPOM) are examples of
▪ Rainfall: Around 25-60 cm. government initiatives for oilseeds.
▪ Soil Type: Sandy-loamy soil. ▪ Groundnut is a Kharif crop and accounts for about half
▪ Top Pulses Producing States: Madhya Pradesh > of the major oilseeds produced in the country.
Rajasthan > Maharashtra > Uttar Pradesh > Karnataka. ▪ Linseed and mustard are rabi crops.
▪ India is the largest producer as well as the consumer of ▪ Sesamum is a Kharif crop in the north and a rabi crop in
pulses in the world. south India.
▪ These are the major source of protein in a vegetarian ▪ Castor seed is grown both as rabi and Kharif crop.
diet.
▪ Horticulture Crops
▪ Major pulses grown in India are tur (arhar), urad, o Horticulture is the branch of
moong, masur, peas and gram. agriculture concerned with the cultivation,
▪ Being leguminous crops, all these crops except arhar production, and sale of fruits, vegetables,
help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the flowers, herbs, and ornamental or exotic
air. Therefore, these are mostly grown in rotation with plants.
other crops.
▪ National Food Security Mission for Pulses, Pulses Fruits States
Development Scheme, and Technological Mission on Mangoes Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh,
Pulses are a few of the government’s plans to support Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, and West
pulses production. Bengal
Oranges Nagpur and Cherrapunjee (Meghalaya)
Major Cash Crops Bananas Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra, and
Sugarcane Tamil Nadu
▪ Temperature: Between 21-27°C with a hot and humid Litchi and Guava Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
climate.
Pineapples Meghalaya
▪ Rainfall: Around 75-100 cm.
Grapes Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and
▪ Soil Type: Deep rich loamy soil.
Maharashtra

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - Cropping Patterns and Major Crops in India
Apples, Pears, Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal ▪ Temperature: Above 25°C with a moist and humid climate.
Apricots, and Pradesh ▪ Rainfall: More than 200 cm.
Walnuts ▪ Soil Type: Rich well-drained alluvial soil.
▪ India is the second-largest producer of fruits and ▪ Top Rubber Producing States: Kerala > Tamil Nadu >
vegetables and it produces both tropical and temperate
Karnataka.
fruits.
▪ It is an equatorial crop, but under special conditions, it
▪ India produces about 13 percent of the world’s is also grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas.
vegetables. It is an important producer of peas,
▪ Rubber is an important industrial raw material.
cauliflower, onions, cabbage, tomato, brinjal, and
▪ Rubber Plantation Development Scheme and Rubber Group
potato.
Planting Scheme are examples of government-led initiatives
▪ Golden Revolution, Mission for Integrated for rubber.
Development of Horticulture (MIDH) and Coordinated
Horticulture Assessment and Management using geo- Fibre Crops
informatics (Project CHAMAN) are government Cotton
initiatives to help the horticulture sector. ▪ Temperature: Between 21-30°C
▪ Rainfall: Around 50-100cm.
Plantation Crops ▪ Soil Type: Well-drained black cotton soil of Deccan Plateau.
Tea
▪ Top Cotton Producing States: Gujarat > Maharashtra >
▪ Temperature: Between 20-30°C
Telangana > Andhra Pradesh > Rajasthan.
▪ Rainfall: Around 150-300 cm.
▪ India is believed to be the original home of the cotton
▪ Soil Type: Deep and fertile well-drained soil, rich in
plant. Cotton is one of the main raw materials for the cotton
humus and organic matter.
textile industry.
▪ Top Tea Producing States: Assam > West Bengal >
▪ Cotton needs 210 frost-free days and bright sunshine for its
Tamil Nadu.
growth.
▪ India is the second-largest producer of tea.
▪ It is a Kharif crop and requires 6 to 8 months to mature.
▪ It was introduced on the eastern hill slopes of India by
▪ Silver Fibre Revolution and Technology Mission on
the British.
Cotton are the government initiatives for increasing cotton
▪ Slopes of eastern hills have humid climate and evenly
production in India.
distributed rainfall without water logging which are
▪ Cotton has been genetically modified into BT Cotton to fight
optimal conditions for terrace farming of tea.
environmental stress and pest attacks.
▪ Tea is a labour-intensive industry. It requires abundant,
cheap, and skilled labour. Tea is processed within the Jute
tea garden to retain its freshness. ▪ Temperature: Between 25-35°C
▪ Tea Development and Promotion Scheme, Wage ▪ Rainfall: Around 150-250 cm
Compensation Scheme, and Tea Boutiques are a few of ▪ Soil Type: Well-drained alluvial soil
the government schemes for tea. ▪ Top Jute Producing States: West Bengal > Bihar > Assam >
Andhra Pradesh > Odisha.
Coffee ▪ It is mainly concentrated in eastern India because of the rich
▪ Temperature: Between 15-28°C
alluvial soil of the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta.
▪ Rainfall: Around 150-250 cm.
▪ India is the largest producer of jute.
▪ Soil Type: Well-drained, deep friable loamy soil.
▪ It is known as golden fiber.
▪ Top Coffee Producing States: Karnataka > Kerala > Tamil
▪ It is used in making gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets,
Nadu.
and other artifacts.
▪ India is the seventh-largest producer.
▪ Due to its high cost, it is losing the market to synthetic fibers
▪ Coffee was initially brought from Yemen and introduced to
and packing materials, particularly nylon.
the Baba Budan Hills.
▪ Golden Fibre Revolution and Technology Mission on Jute
▪ Hills with a well-defined shade canopy, comprising
and Mesta are two of the government initiatives to boost jute
evergreen leguminous trees provide the optimal condition
production in India.
for coffee cultivation which is why it is mainly concentrated
in the hilly regions. Changing Cropping Patterns of India
▪ Indian variety of coffee ‘Arabica’ is famous worldwide. ▪ A cropping pattern is a dynamic concept because it changes
▪ Various Integrated Coffee Development Projects and over space and time. It can be defined as the proportion of
schemes have been launched by the government to support area under various crops at a point in time. Sometimes
coffee production. several crops are cultivated in combinations and rotations
over a period.
Rubber

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - Mineral Distribution in India
▪ In India, the cropping pattern is determined by rainfall, ▪ Climate change has affected the Indian monsoon due to
climate, temperature, soil type, technology, and socio- which cropping patterns are also changing.
economic conditions of the farmers. ▪ Population explosion and urbanization have led to land
▪ These changes in the cropping pattern mainly occurred due conversion, boosting intensive farming, and have brought
to an increase in the prices of crops. After independence, a changes in cropping patterns.
lot of changes had been recorded in the cropping pattern in ▪ At the beginning of the present century, nearly 83 percent of
India. the total cultivable land of India was put under food
▪ Green Revolution also led to changes in the cropping crops and the remaining 17 percent was put under non-food
patterns. Rice was introduced to Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar crops. But in 1944-45, there was a change in the cropping
Pradesh. pattern in India, and the area under food crops came down
▪ Cultivation of food crops has become very remunerative and to 80 percent and the area under non-food crops
productive due to the introduction of new technologies in slightly increased to 20 percent.
Indian agriculture. ▪ Among all the food crops, the largest increase in the
▪ Farmers are more intensively moving towards the area since 1950- 51 has already been recorded by wheat
cultivation of cash/commercial crops such as oilseeds, fruits, cultivation which shows an increase of 132 percent by 1987-
vegetables, spices, etc. from the traditional non-cash/non- 88. But in the case of both rice and pulses, the increase in the
commercial crops such as cereals and pulses. area has been restricted to only 23 percent; Coarse
▪ Farmers have changed their crop patterns to reap the cereals have recorded an only a marginal increase of 11
benefits of economic expansion as well. percent by 1987-88.

1.25. Mineral Distribution in India

India is richly endowed with mineral resources. Explorations 1. Chota Nagpur Belt (Northeastern Plateau region)
have found over 20,000 known mineral deposits and • Kyanite reserves (100%)
recoverable reserves of more than 60 minerals. • Iron ore (93%)
11 states account for 90 % of the total number of operational
mines (Andhra Pradesh, Orrisa, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West • Coal (84%)
Bengal, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, • Chromite (70%)
Rajasthan, and Karnataka).
Mineral Belts in India 2. The Himalayan Belt
Overall, India is home to the following mineral reserves: • Generally poor in metallic minerals
• Metallic and non-metallic minerals: iron, chromite,
copper, mica, and manganese. 3. The Indian Ocean
• Energy reserves: coal, petroleum, thorium, and • Presence of Mineral oil and Natural gas in the
uranium. Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal
• Contains poly-metallic nodules (around 4000 m deep
under the ocean)
• Comprises minerals like Phosphate, Manganese,
Barium, Silicon, Iron Aluminium, etc.

4. The Midland Belt

• Rich in Manganese, Bauxite, Copper, Graphite, Mica,
Lignite, marble, and Limestone.
• Stretch around the states of Jharkhand, Odisha,
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh.

5. The Western Belt

• Constitutes non-ferrous metals
• Spreads around the states of Maharashtra )oil
resources and granaries near Mumbai coast), Gujarat
and Rajasthan (sandstone, marble, granite, fullers,
gypsum, etc)
• Both Gujarat and Rajasthan are rich in salt
production.

6. The South-western Belt

• Contains rich deposits of iron ore

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - Mineral Distribution in India
• Located in the states of Goa (iron ore deposits), Kerala
(thorium, Mozart, and bauxite clay), and Karnataka.

Coal Industries in India

• Over 97% of the coal reserves surface along the river
basins of Godavari, Mahanadi, Son, and Damodar.
• Significant coal mining centers in India are Madhya
Pradesh (Singhrauli), Raniganj, Jharia, and Bokaro.
• Singareni collieries are the largest coal-producing firm
in India.

Coking Coal
Metallurgical coal or coking coal is a grade of coal that can be
used to produce good-quality coke. Coke is an essential fuel
Iron Industries in India
and reactant in the blast furnace process for primary steel
making. The demand for metallurgical coal is highly coupled • Most of the iron reserves are found in the states of
with the steel demand. Primary steelmaking companies often Maharashtra (Ratnagiri), Jharkhand (Harizabag and
have a division that produces coal for coking, to ensure a stable Singbum), Chhattisgarh (Bailadila), Odisha, Goa,
and low-cost supply. Karnataka (Bellary and Chitradurga), Andhra
Pradesh, Telangana, and Tamil Nadu.
• Kudremukh mines (one of the largest worldwide) in
the Western Ghats export iron res to foreign nations.

Steel Industries in India

• Jharkhand → Jamshedpur (TISCO), Bokaro
• West Bengal → Durgapur, Burnpur
• Odisha → Rourkela
• Chhattisgarh → Bhilai
• Andhra Pradesh → Visakhapatnam
• Karnataka → Vishveshwarya
• Tamil Nadu → Salem

Petroleum
• Extracted from Sedimentary rocks.
• Digboi in Assam is a major petroleum-producing unit
in India.
• Major fields in Ankleshwar, Gujarat, Navagam, Lunej,
Kosaniba, etc.
Coking coal is required for the following reasons:
• Also found in basins of rivers Godavari, Krishna, and
• To remove the oxide part from iron ore.
Kaveri
• For the above process, blend the iron ore with carbon
• There are 22 petroleum refineries in India.
dioxide.
• Other major locations of petroleum deposits include
• For this reason, coking coal comprises a high carbon
the KG basin, Saurashtra shelf, Brahmaputra shelf,
density as compared to lignite.
and Bengal Bangladesh shelf.
• This variety of coal is suitable for heating.
• Out of the 22 refineries, 17 are owned by the public
Iron sector.
There are four types of iron ore:
1. Manganite: used in electronic industries (around 70%
of iron))
2. Hematite: India is the second-largest (after Russia)
producer of this ore
3. Limonite: Used in paint manufacturing industries
(around 50% of iron)
4. Siderite: Contains a mix of magnesium and
manganese

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - Mineral Distribution in India
• The government of India has proposed to install new
natural gas pipelines between Iran and India and
Russia, Central Asia, and India.

Natural Gas Nuclear Energy Resources in India

• Exercises a wide usage in petrochemical industries as • Sources such as uranium and thorium comprise this
a natural and compressed raw material. category.
• An environment-friendly resource with low trances of • Dhaiwarrocks, Singbhum, Alwar, Jhunjhuru,
carbon dioxide. Bhandara, Kullu, etc are some famous districts that
• Generally found around the Godavari-Krishna basin. contain these nuclear energy sources.
• A cross-country gas pipeline of around 1700 km runs • Tamil Nadu is the key source of thorium in the
between Mumbai High and Bassein in the west and country.
north India respectively.

• The Atomic Energy Commission (1948) regulates the

production of uranium and thorium in the country.
• In 1984, The Gas Authority of India was set up to
monitor the sources of natural gas in the country. • The major nuclear power plants in India are located in
Narora (Uttar Pradesh), Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu),
• Ethane, methane, propane, butane, and hydrogen
Kota (Rajasthan) Kakrapar (Gujarat), and Kaiga
sulfide are the key gaseous contributors to natural
(Karnataka).
gas.
• Propane and Butane find wide usage in LPG (liquid Biogas
Petroleum Gas) • Rural areas feature as key consumers of biogas in the
• Tight gas sands are present deep within the country.
sedimentary rocks • Biogas is elementally composed of human and animal
• TAPI (Turkmenistan- Afghanistan- Pakistan-India) is waste, shrubs, and farm waste.
a natural gas pipeline stretching across these four • Gobar gas is a famous source of biogas in India.
countries.
• Biogas is a rich source of natural manure.
• IPI (Iran- Pakistan- India) is another natural gas
• Overall, a very efficient source of events for domestic
pipeline covering these three nations
and agricultural uses.

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - Mineral Distribution in India
Manganese • Andhra Pradesh produces a substantial amount of
• Odisha features at the heart of Manganese production Mica in India.
in India (Bonai, Sundargarh, Gangpur, Korput). • The districts of Jaipur, Udaipur, and Bhilwara are
• Other Manganese-producing states are Karnataka some Mica-producing regions in Rajasthan.
(Dharwad, Bellari, North Canara, Chitradurga, • Karnataka and Kerala and West Bengal also produce
Tumkur, etc.), Jharkhand (Chaibasa), Madhya Mica in large amounts.
Pradesh (Bala Ghat), and Maharashtra (Nagpur, • Mica has excellent insulating and resistant properties
Ratnagiri, and Bandra). against high voltage.
• Use to manufacture steel and ferromanganese alloy. • It can be beaten or spread into thin sheets for further
• To produce 1 kg of steel, around 10kg of manganese use.
needs to be processed • In Jharkhand, the mica belt is about 150 km long and
• Manganese plants are generally located far from steel 22 km wide.
plants, adding to their disadvantage. • It stretches around the Hazaribagh plateau.
• In Rajasthan, the mica extends around Jaipur and
Udaipur.

Bauxite
• The leading producer of bauxite minerals in India is
Odisha (34.9% of the country’s total production).
• Other Bauxite producing states are Gujarat
(Bhavnagar and Jamnagar), Madhya Pradesh, and
Jharkhand (Lohardaga)
• Usually found in places with laterite rocks in hills and
plateaus.
• Other important locations of rich bauxite deposits are
Amarkantak plateau, Lohradaga, Katni-Jabalpur,
Kolaba, Thane, Ratnagiri, etc.
Copper • It is useful to manufacture aluminum.
• Copper deposits are mostly in the states of Jharkhand, • Generally found where there is a rich concentration of
Rajasthan (Jhunjhunu and Alwar districts), Andhra laterite rocks.
Pradesh (in Guntur),
• Karnataka (in Chitradurga and Hasan) and Madhya
Pradesh (Balghat mines). Aluminium-Bauxite Refining
• Despite the above, India imports most of the premium • Aluminum is abundant on this planet while bauxite
quality copper (such as ballerina copper) from can be extracted from specific remote locations.
abroad. • Primarily, bauxite is crushed and blended with
• One ton of copper requires a total of 1400 KW of caustic soda to remove its impurities.
energy. • Further, the above blend is left for drying to remove
• Power plants located at Lonavala and Hyderabad moisture (alumina is obtained from this mixture).
recycle scrap copper • This process of conversion also leads to weight loss.
• The overall yield of copper is low in India • This subsequently reduces the transportation cost of
• Copper smelting leads to air pollution due to the the final product.
release of sulfur dioxide gas.

Copper Refineries in India

1. Hindustan Copper → Khetri, Jhunjhunu district,
Rajasthan
2. BALCO → Korba, Chhattisgarh
3. Hindalco (Birla) → Dahej, Bharuch district of Gujarat
4. Sterlite Industries → Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu

Mica
• Odisha (Koradarma is the largest manganese
producer in the world)Extracted

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of International Food Festivals
• India doesn’t have sufficient lead and zinc ores and
therefore most of these minerals in India are imported
from other countries.
• Some of the lead belts in India are in Jharkhand
(Toondoo) and Andhra Pradesh (Visakhapatnam).
• Some of the zinc belts in India are in Rajasthan
(Debari and Chanderia) and Kerala.

Aluminum Industries in India

• UP → Hindalco (Birla)
• Odisha → Hirakund (Birla), Jharsuguda (Vedanta)
• Chhattisgarh → Korba (Vedanta)
• BALCO → Ratnagiri, Maharashtra
• NALCO → Koratpur, Odisha
• MALCO → Mettur, TN

Lead and Zinc

• These ores are produced and refined through the
processes of smelting and electrolysis.
• Ores are mixed with water, oil, and chemicals for
processing.
1.26. List of International Food Festivals

No. Festival Name Celebrated in No. Festival Name Celebrated in

1 Orange Festival Poland 10 Alba White Truffle Alba, Italy
2 International Mango New Delhi, India Festival
Festival 11 Baltic Herring Festival Helsinki, Finland
3 Pancake Festival Moscow, Russia 12 Chocolate Festival London, UK
4 Marine Lobster Festival Rockland USA 13 Tomato Festival Spain
5 Mistura Food Festival Lima, Peru 14 Monkey Buffet Festival Lopburi Province, Thailand
6 Melbourne Food & Wine Melbourne, Australia 15 Potato Festival Sweden
Festival 16 Onion Eating Festival Spain
7 San Francisco Street Food San Francisco, Australia 17 Vegetarian Festival Thailand
Festival 18 Ivrea Orange Festival Ivrea, Italy
8 Oktoberfest Munich, Germany 19 Abergavenny Food Wales, UK
9 Chinchilla Melon Australia Festival
Festival (Watermelon) 20 Grape Throwing Festival Mallorca, Spain

1.27. Important Boundary Lines around the World

▪ Line of Control- It divides Kashmir between India and ▪ Siegfried Line- Germany and France
Pakistan ▪ Radcliffe Line- India and Pakistan
▪ Durand Line- Boundaries of Pakistan and Afghanistan ▪ Mannerheim Line- Russia and Finland
▪ Hindenburg Line- Germany and Poland ▪ Maginot Line- France and Germany
▪ Marginal Line- Russia and Finland Border ▪ Curzon Line- Poland and Russia
▪ Medicine Line- Canada and the United States (49 Parallel ▪ Mason–Dixon line: Maryland and Pennsylvania/Delaware
North) in Colonial America
▪ McMahon Line- India and China ▪ Blue Line- Israel and Lebanon
▪ Order- Neisse Line- Poland and Germany ▪ Purple Line- Israel and Syria

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - International Organizations, Head and Headquarters
▪ Green Line- Israel and Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria (Israel ▪ 35th Parallel North- US- it serves as a border b/w
neighbors) Tennessee/ Mississippi, Tennessee/ Alabama, Tennessee/
▪ Line of Actual control- India, and China on the Northern Georgia, North Carolina/ Georgia
Border ▪ 36th Parallel North- Southernmost Boundary of the state of
▪ Military Demarcation Line or Armistice Line- North Korea Missouri with the state of Arkansas
and South Korea ▪ 37th Parallel North- Southern boundary of the historic and
▪ 16th parallel North- Angola and Namibia extralegal Territory of Jefferson
▪ 17th Parallel- North Vietnam and South Vietnam ▪ 38th Parallel North- North Korea and South Korea
▪ 20th Parallel North- Libya and Sudan ▪ 40th Parallel North- US - it serves as a border b/w Nebraska
▪ 22nd Parallel North- Egypt, and Sudan and Kansas
▪ 24th Parallel- India and Pakistan ▪ 41st Parallel North- US- it forms the border b/w Wyoming /
▪ 25th Parallel North- Mauritania and Mali Utah border, Wyoming/ Colorado, Nebraska, and Colorado
▪ 26th Parallel North- Western Sahara and Mauritania ▪ 42nd Parallel North- US- it serves as a border of New York
▪ 31st Parallel North- Iraq, and Iran and Pennsylvania
▪ 33rd Parallel North- North Africa and parts of the Middle ▪ 43rd Parallel North- US- it serves as a border b/w State
East and China Nebraska and the State of South Dakota
▪ 45th Parallel North- US- it forms the boundary b/w
Montana and Wyoming

1.28. International Organizations, Head and Headquarters

No. Organization Name Headquarters Head

1 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) Beijing, China Jin Liqun
2 Asian Development Bank (ADB) Manila, Philippines Masatsugu Asakawa
3 New Development Bank Shanghai, China Dilma Rousseff
4 World Bank Washington D.C, US David Malpass
5 International Monetary Fund (IMF) Washington D.C, US Kristalina Georgieva
6 United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) New York, US Catherine M. Russell
7 United Nations Organization (UN) New York, US Antonio Guterres
8 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) New York, US Dr. Natalia Kanem
9 United Nations Conference on Trade & Development Geneva, Switzerland Rebeca Grynspan
(UNCTAD)
10 World Health Organization (WHO) Geneva, Switzerland Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
11 World Economic Forum (WEF) Geneva, Switzerland Borge Brende
12 International Labour Organization (ILO) Geneva, Switzerland Gilbert Houngbo
13 World Trade Organization Geneva, Switzerland Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
14 World Intellectual Property Organization Geneva, Switzerland Daren Tang
15 World Meteorological Organization Geneva, Switzerland Gerhard Adrian
16 United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Paris, France Audrey Azoulay
Organization (UNESCO)
17 International Committee of Red Cross Geneva, Switzerland Ms. Mirjana Spoljaric
18 United Nations Industrial Development Organization Vienna, Austria Gerd Müller
(UNIDO)
19 Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development Paris, France Mathias Cormann
(OECD)
20 Amnesty International London, UK Dr. Agnes Callamard
21 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Vienna, Austria Rafael Mariano Grossi
22 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Vienna, Austria Haitham Al-Ghais
23 International Maritime Organization London, UK Kitack Lim
24 Commonwealth of Nations London, UK King Charles III
25 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Kathmandu, Nepal Esala Weerakoon
(SAARC)
26 Association of South East Nations (ASEAN) Jakarta, Indonesia Kao Kim Hourn
27 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Brussels, Belgium Jens Stoltenberg
28 International Cricket Council (ICC) Dubai, UAE Greg Barclay
29 Food & Agricultural Organization (FAO) Rome, Italy Qu Dongyu
30 International Court of Justice Hague, Netherlands Joan E. Donoghue

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Country Capital and Currency
No. Organization Name Headquarters Head
31 The Federation International de Football Association Zurich, Switzerland Gianni Infantino
(FIFA)
32 International Olympic Committee Lausanne, Thomas Bach
Switzerland
33 World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF) Switzerland Dr. Adil Najam
34 Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Basel, Switzerland Agustín Carstens
35 World Anti-Doping Agency Montreal, Canada Witold Banka
36 World Squash Federation Hastings, United Zena Wooldridge
Kingdom
37 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers California, US Sally Costerton
38 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Montreal, Quebec, Salvatore Sciacchitano [president]
Canada
39 Inter-Parliamentary Union Geneva, Switzerland Duarte Pacheco
40 International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Rome, Italy Alvaro Lario
41 International Golf Federation Laussanne, Annika Sorenstam
Switzerland
42 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Geneva, Switzerland Bogdan Martin
43 Universal Postal Union (UPU) Bern, Switzerland Masahiko Metoki
44 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Vienna, Austria Ghada Waly
45 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Geneva, Switzerland Filippo Grandi
(UNHCR)
46 United Nations World Food Program (WFP) Rome, Italy Cindy McCain
47 The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Beijing, China Zhang Ming
David Beasley, Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Programme, receives the Nobel Peace Prize awarded to WFP in
2020.

1.29. List of Country Capital and Currency

Countries with Rupee/Rupiah as Currency - 18 Netherlands Amsterdam
No. Country Capital Currency 19 Portugal Lisbon
1 India New Delhi Rupee 20 San Marino San Marino
2 Indonesia Jakarta Rupiah 21 Slovakia Bratislava
22 Slovenia Ljubljana
3 Maldives Male Rufiyaa
23 Spain Madrid
4 Mauritius Port Louis Mauritian Rupee
24 Vatican City Vatican City
5 Nepal Kathmandu Rupee
6 Pakistan Islamabad Rupee Peso as Currency :
7 Seychelles Victoria Rupee No. Country Capital
1 Argentina Buenos Aires
8 Sri Lanka Sri Rupee
Jayawardenepura 2 Chile Santiago
Kota 3 Colombia Bogota
4 Cuba Havana
Euro as Currency – 5 Dominican Santo Domingo
No. Country Capital Republic
1 Andorra Andorra la Vella 6 Mexico Mexico City
2 Austria Vienna 7 Philippines Manila
3 Belgium Brussels 8 Uruguay Montevideo
4 Cyprus Nicosia
5 Estonia Tallinn Pound as Currency:
6 Finland Helsinki No. Country Capital
7 France Paris 1 Egypt Cairo
8 Germany Berlin
9 Greece Athens 2 Lebanon Beirut
10 Ireland Reykjavik 3 South Sudan Juba
11 Italy Rome
4 Sudan Khartoum
12 Latvia Riga
13 Lithuania Vilnius 5 Syria Damascus
14 Luxembourg Luxembourg 6 United London
15 Malta Valletta Kingdom
16 Monaco Monaco
17 Montenegro Podgorica Rial/ Riyal as Currency:

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY -
No. Country Capital No. Country Capital Currency
8 Benin Porto-Novo West African CFA
1 Cambodia Phnom Penh
Franc
2 Oman Muscat 9 Brazil Brasilia Brazilian real
3 Qatar Doha 10 Bulgaria Sofia Bulgarian Lev
11 Burundi Bujumbura Burundian franc
4 Saudi Riyadh 12 China Beijing Renminbi
Arabia 13 Cape Verde Praia Cape Verdean escudo
14 Cayman George Town Cayman Islands
Dinar/Dirham as Currency: Islands Dollar
No. County Capital Currency 15 Chad N’Djamena CFA Franc
1 Algeria Algiers Dinar 16 Congo Brazzaville CFA Franc
2 Bahrain Manama Dinar 17 Croatia Zagreb Croatian Kuna
3 Iraq Baghdad Denar 18 Czech Prague Czech Koruna
4 Jordan Amman Dinar Republic
5 Kuwait Kuwait City Dinar 19 Denmark Copenhagen Danish Krone
6 Libya Tripoli Dinar 20 Democratic Kinshasha Congolese Franc
7 Macedonia Skopje Denar Republic of
8 Serbia Belgrade Dinar Congo
9 Tunisia Tunis Dinar 21 Eritrea Asmara Tallero
10 UAE Abu Dhabi UAE Dirham 22 Ethiopia Addis Ababa Ethiopian Birr
23 Gabon Libreville CFA Franc
Dollar as Currency : 24 Gambia Banjul Gambian dalasi
No. Country Capital 25 Gautemala Gautemala Guatemalan quetzal
1 Australia Canberra City
2 Bahamas Nassau 26 Georgia Tbilisi Georgian Lari
3 Barbados Bridgetown 27 Ghana Accra Ghanaian Cedi
4 Bermuda Hamilton 28 Guinea Conakry Guinean franc
5 Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan 29 Hungary Budapest Hungarian forint
6 Belize Belmopan 30 Haiti Port-au-Prince Haitian gourde
7 Canada Ottawa 31 Iceland Reykjavik Icelandic Krona
8 Dominica Roseau 32 Israel Jerusalem Israeli new shekel
9 Fiji Suva 33 Iran Tehran Toman
10 Guyana George town 34 Japan Tokyo Japanese Yen
11 Grenada Saint George 35 Kazakhstan Astana Kazakhstani Tenge
12 Jamaica Kingston 36 Kenya Nairobi Kenyan Shilling
13 Liberia Monrovia 37 Krygyzstan Bishkek KrygyzstaniSom
14 Namibia Windhoek 38 Laos Vientiane Lao Kip
15 Nauru Yaren 39 Lesotho Maseru Lesotho Loti
16 New Zealand Wellington 40 Madagascar Antananarivo Malagasy Ariary
17 Palau Ngerulmud 41 Malaysia Kuala Malaysian Ringgit
18 Panama Panama City Lumpur
19 Singapore Singapore 42 Macedonia Skopje Macedonian denar
20 Soloman Islands Honiara 43 Mali Bamako West African CFA
21 Taiwan Taipei franc
22 Trinidad and Port of Spain 44 Malawi Lilongwe Kwacha
Tobago 45 Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Mongolian Togrog
23 Timor- Leste Dili 46 Moldova Chisinau Moldovan leu
24 Tuvalu Funafuti 47 Mozambique Maputo Metical
25 United States Washington D.C 48 Myanmar Naypyidaw Burmese Kyat
26 Zimbabwe Harare 49 Nicaragua Managua Nicaraguan Cordoba
50 North Korea Pyongyang North Korean Won
Countries with different currencies : 51 Norway Oslo Norwegian Krone
No. Country Capital Currency 52 Nigeria Abuja Nigerian Naira
1 Afghanistan Kabul Afghan Afghani 53 Paraguay Asuncion Paraguayan Guarani
2 Albania Tirana Albanian Lek 54 Peru Lima Sol
3 Angola Luanda Angolan Kwanza 55 Poland Warsaw Polish Zloty
4 Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladeshi Taka 56 Romania Bucharest Romanian Leu
5 Belarus Minsk Belarusian Ruble 57 Russia Moscow Russian Ruble
6 Bhutan Thimphu Bhutanese ngultrum 58 Rwanda Kigali Rwandan Franc
7 Bolivia Sucre La Paz Bolivian Boliviano 59 Senegal Dakar CFA Franc

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - Deserts of the World
No. Country Capital Currency No. Country Capital Currency
60 Sierra Leone Freetown Sierra Leonean Leone 64 Tajikistan Dushanbe Tajikistani Somoni
61 Somalia Mogadishu Somali Shilling 65 Tanzania Dodoma Tanzanian Shilling
62 South Africa Capetown South African Rand 66 Thailand Bangkok Thai bhat
(Legislative) 67 Turkey Ankara Turkish Lira
Bloemfontein 68 Turkmenistan Ashgabat Turkmenistan Manat
( judicial) 69 Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistani Som
63 South Korea Seoul South Korean Won 70 Venezuela Caracas Venezuelan Bolivar

1.30. Deserts of the World 1.31. States and its formation years
• A land area that is barren and where little precipitation
State Formation years
occurs is known as desert. Any area that receives less than 10
Andhra Pradesh 1953
inches or 250 millimetres of precipitation is classified as a Gujarat 1960
desert. Maharashtra 1960
• Desert plants : Xerophytes (Xero means dry) Kerala 1956
• Examples of xerophytes : Cactus, Casuarina, Opuntia, Date- Nagaland 1963
palm, Acacia, Zizyphus, Calotropis Haryana 1966
Karnataka 1956
African Deserts : Himachal Pradesh 1971
• Sahara desert : Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Manipur, Tripura 1972
Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Western Sahara, Sudan and Meghalaya 1972
Tunisia. Bedouins are the nomadic herdsmen rearing here. Sikkim 1975
Mizoram 1987
• Kalahari desert : Bushmen are the famous herdsmen.
Arunachal Pradesh 1987
• Namib desert : Namibia. Cooled by cold Benguela current.
Goa 1987
• Somalian desert : Somalia Uttarakhand 2000
Chhattisgarh 2000
South America : Jharkhand 2000
• Patagonia desert : Argentina
Telangana 2014
• Atacama desert : Northern Chile. Cooled by cold Peruvian
current.
1.32. India and its Neighbouring Countries
• Sechura desert : Peru
• India is located latitudinally in the Northern Hemisphere and
• Monte desert : Argentina
longitudinally in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Asia : • India is the second-most populous country in the world and
• Rub-al-Khali desert : Saudi Arabia, Oman, UAE, Yemen seventh-largest country in the world in terms ofarea.
• An-Nafud desert : Saudi Arabia • India is called as Peninsula because it is surrounded by the
• Syrian desert : Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq Indian Ocean on the south, the Bay of Bengal onthe east, and
• Dast-e-Lut & Dast-e-Kavir desert : East & North Iran. the Arabian Sea on the west. In the north, India is attached to
• Karakum desert : Turkmenistan landmass.
• Kyzyl kum desert : Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan. • India has 15,106.7 km. of land border and a coastline of 7,516.6
km including island territories(Lakshadweep Islands and
• Gobi desert : China & Mongolia
Andaman and Nicobar Islands)
• Taklamakan desert : Xinjiang, China
• India shares its land border with seven countries- Afghanistan
• Negev desert : Isreal
and Pakistan to the North-West, China,Bhutan and Nepal to
Australia : the north, Myanmar to the Far East and Bangladesh to the
• Great sandy desert east.
• Victoria desert • India shares its maritime borders with Sri Lanka (from the
• Gibson desert south-east) and Maldives (from the south-west)
• Simpson desert • India has the third-largest international border in the world
after China and Russia
North America : • The list of Indian states/UTs that share the borders with
• Mojave desert Neighbouring countries are given below:
• Sonoran desert
• Chihuahuan desert Neighbouring Bordering States/UTs
• Great Basin dese Country
Afghanistan Ladakh

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - India and its Neighbouring Countries

Neighbouring Bordering States/UTs CHINA

Country • Capital: Beijing
• President: Xi Jinping
Bangladesh West Bengal, Meghalaya, Mizoram,
Tripura and Assam • Formal Name: People's Republic of China
• Border Length with India: 3488 km
Bhutan West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh
& Assam • Official Language: Mandarin
• Currency: Chinese Yuan
China Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand,
Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh • States/ Provinces: 26 Provinces
• National Game: Table Tennis
Myanmar Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram
and Manipur • India Bangladesh border Name: McMahon Line

Nepal Bihar, Uttarakhand, UP, Sikkim and West MYANMAR

Bengal • Capital: Naypyidaw
Pakistan Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Punjab, • President: Myint Swe (Acting)
Rajasthan and Gujarat • Border Length with India: 1643 km
Sri Lanka An island nation in the Indian Ocean and • Official Language: Burmese
separated from peninsular India by the • Currency: Burmese Kyat
Palk Strait
• National Game: Caneball
Maldives An island nation in the Indian Ocean • Formal Name: Republic of the Union of Myanmar

Neighbouring Countries of India NEPAL

AFGHANISTAN • Capital: Kathmandu
• Capital: Kabul • Formal Name: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
• Currency: Afghan Afghani • Border Length with India: 1751 km
• India Afghanistan border Name: Durand Line • Official Language: Nepali
• Official languages: Dari and Pashto • Currency: Nepalese Rupee
• National Game: Buzkashi • States/ Provinces: 7 Provinces
• States/ Provinces: 34 Provinces • President: Bidhya Devi Bhandari
• Border Length with India: 106 kilometres • Prime Minister: Sher Bahadur Deuba
• Formal Name: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
• Independence Day: 19th August 1919 PAKISTAN
• Capital:Islamabad
BANGLADESH • Formal Name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
• Capital: Dhaka • Border Length with India: 3323 km
• Currency: Bangladeshi taka • Official Language: Urdu, English
• State/ Provinces: 8 Provinces • Currency: Pakistani Rupee
• National Game: Volleyball • States/ Provinces: 4 Provinces
• Official languages: Bengali • National Game: Field Hockey
• Formal Name: People's Republic of Bangladesh • President: Arif Alvi
• President: Abdul Hamid • Prime Minister: Shehbaz sharif
• Prime Minister: Sheikh Hasina • India Pakistan border Name: Radcliffe Line
• Border Length with India: 4096 kilometres • Pakistan Independence Day : August 14, 1947
• India shares the longest border with Bangladesh
SRI LANKA
• National animal: Royal Bengal tiger
• Capital: Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (legislative),Colombo
• India Bangladesh border Name: Radcliffe Line
(executive and judicial)
BHUTAN • Official Language: Sinhala, Tamil
• Capital:Thimphu • Currency: Sri Lankan Rupee
• Formal Name: Kingdom of Bhutan • States/ Provinces: 9 Statess
• Border Length with India: 699 km • Formal Name: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
• Official Language: Dzongkha • National game: Volleyball
• Currency: Ngultrum • President: Ranil Wickremesinghe
• States/ Provinces: 20 States • Prime Minister: Dinesh Gunawardena
• Prime Minister: Lotay Tshering • Sri Lanka independence day: February 4, 1948
• Monarch: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
• National Game: Archery

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - Cremation Grounds of famous personalities of India
MALDIVES City State Founder/Architect
• Official Language: Dhivehi 6 Amritsar Punjab Guru Ram Das
• Currency : Maldivian Rufiyaa 7 Bijapur Karnataka Yosuf Adil Shah
• Formal Name: Republic of Maldives (Vijayapura)
8 Bhopal Madhya Raja Bhoj
• President: Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
Pradesh
• National Game: Football
9 Bhubaneswar Odisha Otto Konigsberger
• Capital: Male 10 Bengaluru Karnataka Kempe Gowda I
11 Chandigarh Chandigarh Le Corbusier
EXTRA SHOTS
12 Chennai Tamil Nadu Francis Day and
• Military control line between India and Pakistan: Line of (Madras) Andrew Cogan
Control (LoC) 13 Daulatabad Maharashtra Muhammad bin
• Water Body Separating India From Srilanka : Palk Strait Tughluq
• Shortest international border of India : India share Shortest 14 Fatehpur Uttar Pradesh Akbar
border with Afghanistan Sikri
• Neighboring countries with water and land boundary 15 Gangaikonda Tamil Nadu Rajendra Chola I
:Bangladesh, Myanmar, Pakistan cholapuram
16 Hyderabad Telangana Muhammad Quli
• India shares its borders with seven different countries;
Qutb Shah
Pakistan, China, Nepal, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Bangladesh
17 Hampi Karnataka Harihara I
& Myanmar. These international borders are guarded by 17 Jaipur Rajasthan Sawai Jai Singh
different paramilitary forces. 18 Jodhpur Rajasthan Rao Jodha
19 Kolkata West Bengal Job Charnok
International Border Guarded by 20 Moradabad Uttar Pradesh Rustam Khan
Indo-Pakistan Border Border Security Force (BSF) 21 Mahabalipura Tamil Nadu Pallava king
Indo-Bangladesh Border Border Security Force (BSF) m Narasimhavarman
Indo-China Border Indo-Tibetan Border Police I
(ITBP) 22 Pondicherry Pondicherry François Martin
Indo-Nepal Border Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) 23 Patna Bihar Ajatashatru
Indo-Bhutan Border Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) (Pataliputra)
Indo-Myanmar Border Assam Rifles (AR) 24 Srinagar Jammu & Pravarsena II
Kashmir
1.33. Cremation Grounds of famous personalities 25 Hisar Haryana Firozshah Tuglaq
of India
1.35. Indian Cities and their famous Industries
Cremation Ground Famous person
Raj Ghat Mahatma Gandhi No. City/Town State Industries
Vijay Ghat Lal Bahadur Shastri 1 Ahmedabad Gujarat Cotton Textiles
Shanti Van Jawahar Lal Nehru 2 Agra Uttar Pradesh Leather, Marble,
Shakti Sthal Indira Gandhi Carpets, stoneware
Abhay Ghat Morarji Desai 3 Aligarh Uttar Pradesh Locks, Cutlery
Samata Sthal Jagjeevan Ram 4 Adoni Andhra Cotton textiles
Kishan Ghat Chaudhary Charan Singh Pradesh
Veer Bhoomi Rajiv Gandhi 5 Alwaye Kerala Rare earths factory
Ekta Sthal Giani Zail Singh, Chandra 6 Ambernath Maharashtra Machine Tools
Shekhar Prototype Factory
Uday Bhoomi K.R. Narayanan 7 Ankleshwar Gujarat Oil fields
Karma Bhumi Dr.Shankar Dayal Sharma (Petrochemical
Mahaprayan Ghat Dr. Rajendra Prasad industry)
Sadaiv Atal Atal Bihari Vajpayee 8 Anand Gujarat Dairy products
(AMUL)
9 Amritsar Punjab Printing Machines
1.34. Important Indian Cities & their
10 Bangaluru Karnataka Telephones, Aircrafts,
Founders/Architects toys, carpets
11 Bareilly Uttar Pradesh Resin Industries, Match
City State Founder/Architect Factory
1 Agra Uttar Pradesh Sikandar Lodhi 12 Bokaro Jharkhand Steel Plant
2 Ahmedabad Gujarat Ahmed Shah I 13 Bhilai Chhattisgarh Steel Plant
3 Ajmer Rajasthan Ajayraja II 14 Burnpur West Bengal Steel Plant
4 Allahabad Uttar Pradesh Akbar 15 Batanagar West Bengal Shoes
(Prayagraj) 16 Bhagalpur Bihar Silk Industries
5 Ambala Punjab Amba Rajput King

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Important Gardens in India
No. City/Town State Industries No Name of the Gardens Name of the location
17 Chittaranjan West Bengal Locomotive 2 Auroville Botanical Gardens Auroville, Tamil Nadu
18 Churk Madhya Cement 3 Balasinor Dinosaur Fossil Mahisagar, Gujarat
Pradesh Park
19 Cochin Kerala Ship-building 4 Brindavan Garden Mysore, Karnataka
20 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu Cotton Industries 5 Victoria Memorial Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
21 Dhariwal Punjab Woolen mill Company Garden
22 Durgapur West Bengal Steel Plant 6 Chashme Shahi Srinagar, Jammu and
23 Digboi Assam Petroleum Kashmir,
24 Darjeeling West Bengal Tea 7 Chaubatia Garden Chaubatia, Uttrakhand
25 Dindigul Tamilnadu Locks 8 Chambal Garden Kota, Rajasthan
26 Firozabad Uttar Pradesh Glass refinery, Bangles 9 Government Botanical Ooty, Tamil Nadu
27 Guntur Andhra Tobacco Garden
Pradesh 10 Hanging Garden Mumbai, Maharashtra
28 Haldia West Bengal Chemical Fertilizer 11 Jallianwala Bagh Amritsar, Punjab
29 Hazira Gujarat Artificial Rayon 12 Jawaharlal Nehru Botanical Gangtok, Sikkim
30 Jalandhar Punjab Surgical Goods & Garden
Sports Articles 13 Jhansi Botanical Garden Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
31 Jabalpur Madhya Bidi Industry 14 Kalindi Kunj New Delhi
Pradesh 15 Lalbagh Botanical Garden Bangalore, Karnataka
32 Jharia Jharkhand Coal mines 16 Law garden Ahmedabad, Gujarat
33 Koyali Gujarat Petrochemical 17 Lloyd‘s Botanical Garden Darjeeling, West Bengal
Industries 18 Lodi Garden New Delhi
34 Kolar Karnataka Gold Mining Center 19 Malampuzha Garden Palakkad, Kerala
35 Karnal Haryana Dairy Products 20 Mehtab Bagh Agra, Uttar Pradesh
36 kanpur Uttar Pradesh Leather 21 Mughal garden New Delhi (Located in
37 Kanchipuram Tamil Nadu Silk Clothes Rashtrapati Bhawan)
38 Kollegal Karnataka Handloom silk saree 22 Nishat Bagh Srinagar, Jammu and
industry Kashmir,
39 Lucknow Uttar Pradesh Embroidery work 23 Pilikula Botanical Garden Mangalore, Karnataka
40 Ludhiana Punjab Hosiery 24 Pinjore Garden (Yadavindra Panchkula, Haryana
41 Mysore Karnataka Silk, Sandalwood oil Gardens)
42 Nangal Panjab Fertilizers 25 Rock Garden Darjeeling , West Bengal
43 Neyveli Tamil Nadu Lignite Industries 26 Rock Garden of Chandigarh Chandigarh
44 Nashik Maharashtra Security Printing Press 27 Rao Jodha Desert Rock Park Jodhpur, Rajasthan
45 Panna Madhya Diamond Mining 28 Saharanpur Botanical Saharanpur, Uttar
Pradesh Garden Pradesh
46 Perambur Tamilnadu Integral Coach Factory 29 Sajjan Niwas Garden (Gulab Udaipur, Rajasthan
47 Rourkela Odisha Steel Plant, Chemical Bagh)
Fertilizer 30 Sarita Udyan Gandhinagar, Gujarat
48 Pimpri Maharashtra Pencillin Factory 31 Shalimar Bagh (Shalimar Srinagar, Jammu and
(Pune) Bagh is a Mughal garden ) Kashmir,
49 Sivakasi Tamil Nadu Fireworks, Matches 32 Sim‘s Park Coonoor, Tamil Nadu
50 Surat Gujarat Textiles, Diamond 33 Indira Gandhi Memorial Srinagar, Jammu and
51 Thumba Kerala Rocket Launching Tulip garden Kashmir
Station
52 Tuticorin Tamil Nadu Pearl fishing 1.37. List of Indian Monuments and their Builders
53 Varanasi Uttar Pradesh Rail Engines,Sari Monuments Place Builders
Industries, Handloom Agra Fort Agra Fort Akbar
54 Tiruppur Tamil Nadu Textiles and garments Jama Masjid Delhi Shahjahan
55 Worli Maharastra Baby Food Deewan-E- Khas Agra Fort, Agra Shahjahan
56 Moradabad Uttar Pradesh Brass works Shish Mahal Agra Shahjahan
57 Gadwal Telangana Gadwala sarees Moti Masjid Agra Fort Shahjahan
Taj Mahal Agra Shahjahan
Fatehpur Sikri
1.36. List of Important Gardens in India
Jodha Bai Palace
Birbal Palace Agra Akbar
No Name of the Gardens Name of the location
Panch Mahal
1 Acharya Jagadish Chandra Howrah, West Bengal
Buland Darwaza
Bose Indian Botanic Garden
Rock cut temple Mamallapuram Mahendravarma
(officially called 'Indian
(Tamil Nadu) n-I
Botanic Garden, Howrah)
Shore temple Mamallapuram Mahendravarma

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 Static GK-2: GEOGRAPHY - List of Indian Rivers and their Place of Origin
Monuments Place Builders Monuments Place Builders
(Tamil Nadu) n-I Tughlaq
Brihadeshwara Tanjore (Tamil Rajaraja chola I Qutub Minar Delhi Qutubuddin
temple Nadu) Aibak
Gangaikondachol Gangaikonda Rajendra I Red Fort Delhi Shahjahan
apuram cholapuram
(Tamil Nadu) 1.38. List of Indian Rivers and their Place of Origin
Hawa Mahal Jaipur Maharaja Pratap
(Rajasthan) Singh River Place of Origin Fall into
Vijaya Stambha Chittorgarh Maharana Ganga Gangotri (Uttarakhand) Bay of Bengal
(Rajasthan) Kumbha Sutlej Lake Rakshastal in Tibet Chenab
Dilwara Jain Mount Abu Vimal Shah
Indus Indus rises in Tibet, near Arabian Sea
Temple (Rajasthan)
Lake Mansarowar
Khajuraho Madhya Chandellas
Jhelum Verinag Spring Chenab
Temples Pradesh
Yamuna Yamunotri (Uttarakhand) Ganga
Char- Minar Hyderabad Quli Qutub Shah
Narmada Maikal Hills, Amarkantak Gulf of
(Telangana)
(MP) Khambat
Golconda Fort Hyderabad Qutub Shahi
Tapti Satpura Range, Betul (MP) Gulf of
(Telangana) rulers
Khambat
Ajanta Caves Aurangabad Gupta rulers
(Maharashtra) Mahanadi Nagri Town Bay of Bengal
(Chhattisgarh)
Ellora Caves Maharashtra Rashtrakuta
rulers Brahmaputra Chemayungdung (Tibet) Bay of Bengal
Elephanta Caves Mumbai Rashtrakuta Sutlej Mt Kailash (Tibet) Chenab
(Maharashtra) rulers Beas Rohtang Pass (Himachal Satluj
Vikramasila Bihar Dharma Pala Pradesh)
Monastery Godavari Nasik (Maharashtra) Bay of Bengal
Nalanda Bihar Kumargupta I Krishna Mahabaleshwar Bay of Bengal
University (Maharashtra)
Shalimar Garden Srinagar Jahangir Cauvery Brahmagiri Hills, Coorg Bay of Bengal
(Jammu and (Karnataka)
Kashmir) Sabarmati Udaipur, Aravalli Hills Arabian Sea
Sun Temple Konark Narsimhadeva I (Rajasthan)
(Black pagoda) (Odisha) Ravi Chamba (Himachal Chenab
Jagannath Temple Puri (Odisha) Anantvarman Pradesh)
(white pagoda) Ganga Tungabhadra Koodli Krishna River
Shantiniketan West Bengal Rabindra Nath Pennar Nandi Hills, Bay of Bengal
Tagore Chickballapur
Gol Gumbaz Bijapur, Muhammad (Karnataka)
Karnataka Adil Shah Luni Pushkar, Aravalli Hills Rann of
Lal Bagh Bangaluru Hyder Ali (Rajasthan) Kachchh
(Karnataka) Chambal Janapav, Indore, Vindhyas Yamuna
Moti Masjid Delhi Fort, Aurangzeb (MP)
Delhi
Ferozshah Kotla Delhi Ferozshan

1.39. Major Straits of the world

Strait Joining water bodies Separates
Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb Red Sea to Gulf of Aden Yamen (Asia) from Djibouti & Eritrea (Africa)
Bass strait Pacific Ocean Tasmania from the Australian mainland
Bering Strait Bering Sea (Pacific Ocean) to Russia from Alaska
Chukchi Sea (Arctic Ocean)
Palk Strait Bay of Bengal to Gulf of Mannar India from Sri Lanka
Gibraltar Strait Atlantic Ocean to Mediterranean Sea Spain (Europe) from Morocco (Africa)
Malacca Strait The Pacific Ocean to the east Malaysia and Sumatra
with the Indian Ocean to the west
Sunda Strait Indian Ocean to Java Sea Islands of Java from Sumatra (Indonesia)
100 Channel Bay of Bengal to Andaman Sea Island of Little Andaman from Car Nicobar Island (of India)
90 Channel Indian Ocean Laccadive Islands of Kalpeni from Suheli Par, and Maliku
Atoll
Denmark strait Atlantic Ocean Iceland from Greenland
Florida Strait Gulf of Mexico to Atlantic Ocean Florida (USA) from Cuba

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 Static GK-2: - List of Major Rivers of the World
Strait Joining water bodies Separates
Korea Strait East China Sea and Sea of Japan Japan and South Korea
Hormuz strait Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf UAE & Oman from Iran
North Channel Irish Sea & Atlantic Ocean Ireland-England
Davis Strait The Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea Between Greenland and Canada
Jamaica Channel The Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Jamaica and Hispaniola
Hudson strait Atlantic Ocean to Hudson Bay Baffin Island from Quebec

1.40. List of Major Rivers of the World

River Source Outflow Km
Nile Tributaries of Lake Victoria, Africa Mediterranean Sea 6690
Amazon Glacier-fed lakes, Peru Atlantic Ocean 6296
Mississippi-Missouri- Source of Red Rock, Gulf of Mexico 5970
Red Rock Montana
Chang Jiang Tibetan plateau, China China Sea 5,797
(Yangtze)
Ob Altai Mts.,Russia Gulf of Ob 5567
Huang He (Yellow) Eastern part of Kunlan Mts., West China Gulf of Chihli 4667
Yenisei Tannu-Ola Mts., western Tuva, Russia Arctic Ocean 4506
Parana Confluence of Paranaiba and Grande rivers Río de la Plata 4498
Irtish Altai Mts., Russia Ob River 4,438
Zaire (Congo) Confluence of Lualab and Luapula rivers, Congo Atlantic Ocean 4371
Heilong (Amur) Confluence of Shilka (Russia) and Argun (Manchuria) Tatar Strait 4352
rivers
Lena Baikal Mts., Russia Arctic Ocean 4268
Mackenzie Head of Finlay River, British Columbia, Canada Beaufort Sea (Arctic Ocean) 4241
Niger Guinea Gulf of Guinea 4184
Mekong Tibetan highlands South China Sea 4023
Mississippi Lake Itasca, Minnesota Gulf of Mexico 3779
Missouri Confluence of Jefferson, Gallatin, and Madison rivers, Mississippi River 3726
Montana
Volga Valdai plateau, Russia Caspian Sea 3687
Purus Peruvian Andes Amazon River 3207
Yukon Junction of Lewes and Pelly rivers, Yukon Territory, Bering Sea 3185
Canada
Brahmaputra Himalayas Ganges River 2897
Indus Himalayas Arabian Sea 2897
Danube Black Forest, Germany Black Sea 2842
Ural Southern Ural Mts., Russia Caspian Sea 2533
Ganges Himalayas Bay of Bengal 2506
Orange Lesotho Atlantic Ocean 2092
Don Tula, Russia Sea of Azov 1968
Tigris Taurus Mts., Turkey Shatt-al-Arab 1899

Country Name Location

1.41. Landlocked Countries in the World
Bhutan Asia (Locked by India &
Country Name Location China)
Lesotho Africa (Locked by South Nepal Asia (Locked by India &
Africa) China)
Botswana, Burkina Faso, Chad, Africa Andorra Europe (Locked by
Czech Republic, Ethiopia, France & Spain)
Malawi, Mali, Niger,Rwanda,
Liechtenstein Europe (it is one of the
South Sudan, Uganda, Zambia,
double landlocked
Zimbabwe
countries between
Vatican City Europe (Locked by Italy) Switzerland & Austria)
San Marino Europe (Locked by Italy) Moldova Europe (Locked by
Mongolia Asia (Locked by Russia & Ukraine & Romania)
China) Swaziland Africa (Locked by South

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 Static GK-2: - Important cities situated on the banks of river (World)

Country Name Location DISTINCTIVE NAMES COUNTRIES / TOWNS

Africa & The Battlefield of Europe Belgium
City of the Golden Gate San Francisco
Mozambique) City of Magnificent Washington D.C.
Bolivia South America Distances
Afghanistan, Armenia, Asia City of Popes Rome
Azerbaijan, City of Seven Hills Rome
City of Skyscrapers New York
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Cockpit of Europe Belgium
Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,
Dark Continent Africa
Uzbekistan, Laos
Dairy of Northern Europe Denmark
Austria, Belarus, Hungary, Europe Emerald Island Ireland
Kosovo, Empire City New York
Luxembourg, Macedonia, Eternal City Rome, Italy
Moldova, Serbia,Slovakia, Forbidden City Lhasa (Tibet)
Switzerland Garden of England Kent (England)
Gate of Tears Babel-Mandab, Jerusalem
1.42. Important cities situated on the banks of river Granite City Aberdeen (Scotland)
(World) Gift of Nile Egypt
Gibraltar of the Indian Aden
City Country River
Ocean
Adelaide Australia Torrens
Herring Pond Atlantic Ocean
Amsterdam Netherlands Amsel
Hermit Kingdom Korea
Alexandria Egypt Nile
Land of Cakes Scotland
Ankara Turkey Kazil
Land of the Golden Pagoda Myanmar (Burma)
Bangkok Thailand Chao Praya
Land of Kangaroos Australia
Basra Iraq Elupharates and
Land of Lilies Canada
Tigris
Land of the Midnight Sun Norway
Baghdad Iraq Tigris
Land of the Rising Sun Japan
Berlin Germany Spree
Land of a Thousand Lakes Finland
Bristol UK Avon
Land of Thunderbolt Bhutan
Buenos Aires Argentina Laplata
Land of White Elephants Thailand
Chittagong Bangladesh Maiyani
Lady of Snow Canada
Canton China Si-Kiang
Playground of Europe Switzerland
Cairo Egypt Nile
Pearl of the Pacific Guayaquil Port (Ecuador)
Dublin Ireland Liffy
Quaker City Philadelphia
Kabul Afghanistan Kabul
Queen of the Arabian Sea Kochi (India)
Karachi Pakistan Indus
Roof of the World Pamir (Tibet)
Lahore Pakistan Ravi
The Sea of Mountains British Columbia
Liverpool England Messey
Sorrow of China River Hwang Ho
London England Thames
Sugar Bowl of the World Cuba
Moscow Russia Moskva
Venice of the North Stockholm
Montreal Canada St. Lawrence
Yellow River Hwang Ho (China)
New Orelans U.S.A. Mississipi
The Imperial City Rome
New York U.S.A. Hudson
City of Arabian Nights Baghdad
Ottawa Canada Ottawa
Paris France Seine The Modern Babylon London
Perth Australia Swan
Rome Italy Tiber 1.44. Largest producing countries of agricultural
Stalingrad Russia Volga commodities in world
Sidney Australia Darling PRODUCT COUNTRY
Saint Luis U.S.A. Mississippi Barley Russia
Tokyo Japan Arakava Oat Russia
Washington U.S.A. Potomac Rice China
D.C. Wheat China
Yangoon Myanmar Irawaddy Grapes China
Kiwifruit China
1.43. Distinctive Names of Countries & Towns Watermelon China
(World) Cucumber China
Tea China
DISTINCTIVE NAMES COUNTRIES / TOWNS
Chestnut China
Britain of the South New Zealand
Peanut China

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 Static GK-2: - List of Minerals and their leading producing countries
PRODUCT COUNTRY
Egg China 1.45. List of Minerals and their leading producing
Honey China countries
Tobacco China Minerals Largest Producers Second
Cotton China Largest
Silk China Producers
Tomato China Coal China India
Potato China Fluorite China Mexico
Spinach China Aluminium China Russia
Almond United States Bismuth China Mexico
Maize United States Gold China Australia
Corn United States Iron Ore Australia Brazil
Soybean United States Tin China Indonesia
Apple China Zinc China Australia
Avocado Mexico Natural Gas United States Russia
Banana India Petroleum United States Saudi Arabia
Mango India Uranium Kazakhstan Canada
Papaya India Diamond Russia Botswana
Lemon India Palladium Russia South Africa
Guava India Bauxite Australia China
Okra India Lithium Australia Chile
Pomegranate India Titanium Australia South Africa
Jackfruit India Manganese South Africa China
Milk India Platinum South Africa Russia
Jute India Silver Mexico China
Ginger India Nickel Philippines Russia
Blueberry United States
Cocoa Ivory coast 1.46. Important facts about Planets
Olive Spain
Biggest planet Jupiter
Coconut Indonesia
Biggest satellite Ganymede (Jupiter)
Cinnamon Indonesia
Blue planet Earth
Vanilla Indonesia
Green planet Uranus
Cloves Indonesia
Brightest planet Venus
Avocado Mexico
Closest star of solar system Proxima Centauri
Cherry Turkey
Coldest planet Neptune
Fig Turkey
Evening Star Venus
Coffee Brazil
Planet with maximum number Saturn
Sugar cane Brazil of satellites
Rubber Thailand Morning Star Venus
Saffron Iran Hottest planet Venus
Wool Australia Fastest rotation in solar system Jupiter
Black Pepper Vietnam
Nearest planet to sun Mercury
Cashew nut Vietnam
Dates Egypt
Cardamom Guatemala
1.47. Environment related important International Agreements / Conferences
Convention Place/Year Remarks
Ramsar Convention Ramsar (1971) The convention on wetlands is called as Ramsar convention. It is an
intergovernmental treaty that provides a framework for the
conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources
United Nations Conference on Stockholm,
the Human Environment Sweden (1972)
Convention on migratory Bonn(1973) It is a Convention on the Conservation of Migratory
species Species of Wild Animals.
Nairobi Declaration Nairobi (1982)
Vienna Convention for the Vienna(1985) It is a convention for the
Protection of the Ozone Layer Protection of Ozone Layer.
Montreal Protocol Montreal (1987) The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
is an international agreement made
in 1987.
Basel Convention Basel (1989 ) The Basel Convention regulates the transboundary movements of

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 Static GK-2: - Wildlife Conservation efforts in India
Convention Place/Year Remarks
hazardous wastes and other wastes and obliges its Parties to ensure
that such wastes are managed and disposed of in an
environmentally sound
manner.
Earth Summit / United Nations Rio de Janeiro
Conference on Environment (1992)
and
Development (UNCED)
Kyoto Protocol Kyoto (1997) The Kyoto Protocol is an
international agreement adopted in 1997 that aimed to reduce
carbon dioxide emissions and the presence of
greenhouse gases.
Nagoya Protocol Nagoya, Japan
(2010)
United Nations Conference on Rio de Janeiro
Sustainable Development (2012)
Paris Agreement (COP -21) Paris (2015) The Paris Agreement is a
legally binding internationaltreaty on climate change.

No Project Year
1.48. Wildlife Conservation efforts in India 8 Project manipur thamin 1977
No Project Year 9 Project Rhino 1987
1 Hangul project 1970 10 Project vulture 2006
2 Gir Lion project 1972 11 Project snow Leopard 2009
3 Project Tiger 1973 12 Great Indian bustard 2014
4 Project Elephant 1992 project
5 Red panda project 1996
6 Project Olive riddy turtles 1975
7 Crocodile breeding 1975
scheme

2. PHYSICS
No Field Father
2.1. List Of Fathers Of Various Fields 21 Father of Ayurveda Acharya Charaka
No Field Father 22 Father of Computer Charles Babbage
1 Father of Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev 23 Father of Computer Science George Boole and Alan
2 Father of Vaccination Edward Jenner Turing
3 Father of Nuclear Physics Ernest Rutherford 24 Father of Numbers Pythagoras
4 Father of the Green Norman Borlaug 25 Father of political science Aristotle
Revolution 26 Father of Sanskrit Grammar Panini
5 Father of Modern Nicolaus Copernicus 27 Father of Psychology Wilhelm Wundt
Astronomy 28 Father of Bangladesh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
6 Father of Economics Adam Smith 29 Father of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah
7 Father of Classification Carl Linnaeus 30 Father of Modern Tourism Thomas Cook
8 Father of Evolution Charles Darwin 31 Father of American Football Walter Chauncey Camp
9 Father of Modern Physics Galileo Galilei 32 Father of Modern Olympic Baron de Coubertin
10 Father of Biology Aristotle 33 Father of mathematics Archimedes
11 Father of Genetics Gregor Mendel 34 Father of Email Raymond Samuel
12 Father of Internet Vint Cerf Tomlinson
13 Father of Botany Theophrastus 35 Father of Railways George Stephenson
14 Father of Modern Antoine Lavoisier 36 Father of Modern Medicine Hippocrates
Chemistry 37 Father of Relativity Albert Einstein
15 Father of Blood groups Landsteiner
16 Father of Blood Circulation William Harvey 2.2. List of Fathers of Various Fields (India)
17 Father of Geometry Euclid No Field Father
18 Father of Trigonometry Hipparchus 1 Father of the Nation Mohandas
19 Father of Geography Erithosthenus Karamchand Gandhi
20 Father of Homeopathy Samuel Hahnemann

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 Static GK-2: PHYSICS - Inventions and Discoveries
No Field Father Invention/Discovery Inventor
2 Father of White Revolution Verghese Kurien Electric battery Alessandro Volta
in India Electricity Benjamin Franklin
3 Father of Modern India Raja Ram Mohan Roy Electron J.J. Thomson
4 Father of the Indian nuclear Homi J. Bhabha Electric generator Michael Faraday
programme Electric lamp Edison
5 Father of the Indian space Vikram Sarabhai Electric Iron Henry W. Seeley
program Fountain pen Lewis Edson Waterman
6 The Father of Modern Raja Ravi Varma Fiber Optics Narinder Singh Kapany
Indian Art Insulin Sir Frederick Grant Banting
7 Father of the Indian Bhimrao Ramji Jet engine Frank Whittle
Constitution Ambedkar Lift or Elevator Elisha Otis
8 Father of the Green M.S.Swaminathan Lightning conductor Benjamin Franklin
Revolution in India Machine gun Jordan Gatling
9 Father of Blue Revolution in Arun Krishnan Magnifying Glass Roger Bacon
India Mercury thermometer Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
10 Father of the country's A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Microscope Zacharias Janssen
missile programme Neutron Chadwick
11 Father of silver revolution in Indira Gandhi Nuclear Reactor Enrico Fermi
India
Paper clips Johan Vaaler
12 Father of Golden Revolution Nirpakh Tutej
Penicillin Alexander Fleming
in India
Piano Bartolomeo Cristofori
13 Father of yellow revolution Sam Pitroda
Plague vaccine Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine
in India
Polio vaccine Jonas Edward Salk
14 Father of red revolution in Vishal Tewari
Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg
India
Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev
15 Father of Pink Revolution in Durgesh Patel
Proton Rutherford
India
Rabies vaccine Louis Pasteur
16 Father of civil engineering Mokshagundam
in India Visvesvaraya Radio Guglielmo Marconi
17 Father of veterinary science Salihotra Radium Marie curie
in India Railway engine George Stephenson
18 Father of Paleobotany in Birbal Sahni Raman effect C.V.Raman
India Radioactivity Henri Becquerel
19 Father of Indian medicine Acharya Charak Revolver Samuel Colt
20 Father of Indian Psychology MOP Iyengar Richter Scale Charles Richter
21 Father of Indian ecology Ramdeo Misra safety pin Walter Hunt
Sewing machine Elias Howe
Smallpox vaccine Edward Jenner
2.3. Inventions and Discoveries
Watt Steam engine James watt
Invention/Discovery Inventor
Stethoscope René Laennec
Adding machine Pascal
Structure of DNA James Watson & Francis Crick
Aeroplane Wright brothers
Stainless Steel Harry Brearley
Air Conditioner Willis Carrier
Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin
Anemometer Leon Battista Alberti
Telescope Hans Lippershey
Air brake George Westinghouse
Telephone Alexander Graham Bell
Atom Bomb Julius Robert Oppenheimer
Television John Logie Baird
Ball point pen John Loud
Telegraph Samuel Morse
Barometer Evangelista Torricelli
Typewriter Christopher Scholes
Bicycle Macmillan
Vernier caliper Pierre Vernier
Blood group Karl Landsteiner
Vulcanized rubber Charles Goodyear
Braille Louis Braille
Waterproof rubber Charles Macintosh
Bacteria Leeuwenhoek
World Wide Web Tim Berners Lee with Robert
Calculating machine Blaise Pascal
Cailliau
Centigrade scale Andres Celsius
X-rays Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
Computer Charles Babbage
Xerox Machine Chester Carlson
Cement Joseph Aspdin
Circulation of blood William Harvey
Centigrade scale Anders Celsius 2.4. List of Scientific Instruments and Their Uses
Diesel engine Rudolf Diesel Instrument Uses
Dynamite Alfred Nobel 1 Altimeter Measures altitude. It‘s used in
Dynamo Michael Faraday aircrafts
Electric tram Fyodor Pirotsky 2 Ammeter Measures electric current

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 Static GK-2: PHYSICS - SI Units
Instrument Uses Instrument Uses
3 Anemometer Used for measuring wind speed resistance
and direction 35 Periscope It is used to view object above the
4 Audiometer Measures Intensity of Sound sea level
5 Barograph Continuous recording of 36 Phonograph It is a device for the mechanical
atmospheric pressure recording and
6 Barometer Measures atmospheric pressure reproduction of sound
7 Binoculars Optical instrument used for 37 Rain Gauge An apparatus for recording
magnified view of rainfall at a particular
distant object place.
8 Bolometer To measure heat Radiation 38 Salinometer It determines the salinity of
9 Callipers Measure diameter of thin cylinder solutions
or wire 39 Sphygmometer It measures the blood pressure
10 Calorimeter Measures quantities of heat 40 Stroboscope To view rapidly moving objects
11 Cardiogram Traces movements of the heart 41 Seismograph The instrument used to detect and
and recorded on a record
Cardiograph earthquakes
12 Colorimeter Compares Intensity of colours 42 Spring Balance It is used to measures weight
13 Commutator Used in generators to reverse the 43 Tachometer A tachometer is an instrument
direction of measuring the rotation speed of a
electric current shaft or disk, as in a motor or
14 Crescograph Used to measure the growth of other machine. An instrument
plants used in measuring
15 Cryometer Used to measure very low speeds of aero planes and motor
temperatures boats
16 Dynamometer Measures electrical power 44 Telescope Used for magnified view of
Dynamo Converts mechanical energy to distant objects
electrical energy 45 Theodolite It measures horizontal and
17 Electroscope It detects presence of an electric vertical angles.
charge 46 Spectrometer Properties of light
18 Endoscope To examine internal parts of the 47 Voltmeter It measures the electric potential
body difference
19 Fathometer Measure depth of the ocean between two points.
21 Fluxmeter Measures magnetic flux 48 Viscometer It is used to measure the viscosity
22 Galvanometer Measures electric current of a fluid.
23 Hydrometer Instrument used for measuring 49 Wattmeter The wattmeter is an instrument
the relative density for measuring the
of liquids electric power
24 Hygrometer It measures humidity of air 50 Wavemeter To measure the wavelength of a
25 Hydrophone Measures sound under water radiowave
26 Kymograph A device which graphically
records motion or
pressure (as of blood)
2.5. SI Units
No Quantity SI Unit
27 Lactometer It determines the purity of milk
1 Length Metre
28 Machmeter Determines the speed of an
2 Mass Kilogram
aircraft relative to the
3 Time Second
speed of sound
4 Electric current Ampere
29 Microscope To obtain a magnified view of
5 Thermo dynamic Kelvin
small objects
temperature
30 Manometer It measures the pressure of gases.
6 Amount of substance Mole
31 Photometer The instrument Compares the
7 Luminous intensity Candela
luminous intensity
8 Area Square metre
of the source of light.
9 Volume Cubic metre
32 Pyrometer Measure very high temperature
10 Velocity Metre/second
especially in furnaces and kilns
11 Acceleration Metre/second square
33 Odometer The instrument used for
12 Density Kilogram/metre Cube
measuring the distance
traveled by a vehicle such as a 13 Work Joule
bicycle or car 14 Energy Joule
34 Ohmmeter The electrical instrument that 15 Force Newton
measures electrical 16 Weight Newton
17 Pressure Pascal

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 Static GK-2: BIOLOGY - Common and Chemical Names of Some Important Chemical Compounds
No Quantity SI Unit Chemical Chemical Common names
18 Frequency Hertz Compounds formula
19 Power Watt Mercurous Hg2Cl2 Calomel
20 Impulse Newton-second chloride
21 Angular velocity Radian /second Sucrose C12H22O11 Sugar
22 Electric charge Coulomb Silver nitrate AgNO3 Lunar caustic
23 Electric potential(voltage) Volt Ethyl Alcohol C2 H5OH Alcohol
24 Capacitance Farad Hydrochloric acid HCl Muriatic acid
25 Inductance Henry Nitrous Oxide N2O Laughing Gas
26 Resistance Ohm Magnesium Mg(OH)2 Milk of magnesia
27 Impedance Ohm hydroxide
28 Reactance Ohm
29 Electrical conductance siemens 2.7. Important Alloys
30 Magnetic flux Weber Alloy Combinations
31 Magnetic flux density Tesla Solder Lead and Tin
32 Heat Joule Brass Copper and zinc
33 Angle Radian Stainless steel Iron, Chromium and Nickel
34 Radioactivity Becquerel Bronze Copper and Tin
35 Luminous flux Lumen Invar Iron and Nickel
36 Momentum kilogram meter per Constantan Copper and Nickel
second Gun metal Copper, tin and zinc
37 Torque Newton metre Sterling silver Silver and copper
38 Specific heat Joule per kilogram German silver Copper, zinc and Nickel
kelvin

2.6. Common and Chemical Names of Some

Important Chemical Compounds
3. BIOLOGY
Chemical Chemical Common names
Compounds formula 3.1. Scientific Names of Plants, Fruits And
Calcium oxide Cao Quick lime Vegetables
Calcium Ca(OH)2 Slaked lime Common Name Scientific Name
hydroxide Mango Mangiferaindica
Calcium carbonate CaCO3 Limestone Lemon Citrus Limonium
Trichloro Methane CHCl3 Chloroform Bamboo Bamboosaaridinarifolia
Sodium Borate Na2B4O7.10H Borax Banyan Ficusbenghalensis
2O Banana Musa paradisicum
Calcium CaOCl2 Bleaching powder Cucumber Cucumissativas
Oxychloride Guava Psidiumguajava
sodium NaHCO3 Baking soda Orange Citrus aurantium
hydrogencarbonat Watermelon Citrulluslanatus
e Pineapple Ananascomosus
Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 Washing soda Tomato Lycopersicanesculentum
Calcium sulphate CaSO4 Plaster of paris Soybean Glycine Max
hemihydrate .1/2H2O Sandalwood Santalum album
calcium sulfate CaSO4 .2H2O Gypsum Rice Oryza sativa
dihydrate Spinach Spinaciaoleracea
Acetic acid CH3COOH Vinegar Potato Solanumtubersum
Silicon Oxide SiO2 Sand Onion Allium cepa
Methane CH4 Marsh Gas Pepper Capsicum Annum
Nitrous oxide N2O Laughing Gas Mustard Brassica Juncea
Deuterium Oxide D2O Heavy water Neem Azadhirachtaindica
Solid CO2 Dry ice Drumstick Moringaoleifera
Carbondixide Corn Zea Mays
Calcium CaCo3 Chalk Carrot Daucascarota
Carbonate Capsicum Capsicum fruitscence
Sulphuric Acid H2SO4 Oil of vitriol Ginger Zingiberofficinale
Zinc sulphate ZnSO4 White Vitriol Brinjal Solanummelongena
Copper sulphate CuSO4.5H2O Blue Vitriol Turmeric Curcuma longa
Sodium hydroxide NaOH Caustic Soda Pea Pisumsativum
Potassium K2CO3 Potash Ash Coriander Coriandrumsativum
carbonate Carrot Daucuscarota

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 Static GK-2: BIOLOGY - Important Branches of Science
Common Name Scientific Name • Study of Snakes is called – Serpentology
Rose Rosa • Production of Raw Silk by rearing of Silk Worms is called –
Sugarcane Saccharum Sericulture
Sunflower Helianthus annuus
• Study of Algae is called –Phycology
Tea Camellia sinensis
• Study of diseases, symptoms, cause and remedy is called –
Tulsi Ocimumtenuiflorum
Pathology
3.2. Important Branches of Science
• Study of Serum is called – Serology
• Study of Bones is called – Osteology
• The Breeding, Rearing, and Transplantation of Fish is called
• Study of Soils is called – Pedology
– Pisciculture
• Branch of science dealing with Urinary system is called –
• Study of Eyes and its diseases is called – Opthamology
Urology
• Study of Heavenly bodies is called –Astronomy
• Study of Viruses is called – Virology
• Study of bacteria and the diseases caused by them is called –
• Study of resistance of body against infection (immunity) is
Bacteriology
called – Immunology
• Science dealing with the origin and development of
• Study of Muscles is called – Myology
mankind is called – Anthropology
• Study of development of Embryos is called – Embryology
• Study of cells is called – Cytology
• Study of Insects is called – Entomology
• Science dealing with the functions and the diseases of heart
• Study of the Nervous system, its functions and its disorders
is called – Cardiology
is called – Neurology
• Study of skin is called – Dermatology
• Branch of Biology dealing with the phenomena of Heredity
• Study of Blood Vascular System is called – Angiology
is called – Genetics
• Study of Fungi and fungus diseases is called – Mycology
• Study of causes of Diseases is called – Etiology
• Study of Tumors is called – Oncology
• Study of Ears and their diseases is called – Otology
• Study of Liver and its diseases is called – Hepatology
• Study of Condition and Structure of Earth is called –
• Study of fungi is called – Mycology
Geology
• Study of skill worm breeding – Sericulture
• Study of Kidneys and its function is called – Nephrology
• Study of bodily diseases – Pathology
• Study of Birds is called – Ornithology
• Study of poisons – Toxicology
• Study of Fossils is called – Paleontology
• Study of Female Reproductive System is called –
Gynecology
• Study of production of Three Dimensional Image using
Laser is called – Holography
3.3. Important Hormones and Their Functions

S.No Hormone Endocrine Gland Functions

1 Growth hormone Pituitary gland Stimulates growth in all organs
2 Thyroxin Thyroid gland Regulates metabolism for body growth
3 Insulin Pancreas Regulates blood sugar level
4 Glucagon Pancreas Glucagon is a hormone that is involved in controlling blood sugar
(glucose) levels
5 Testosterone Testes Male sex hormone
6 Oestrogen Ovaries Development of female sex organs, regulates menstrual cycle, etc
7 Adrenaline Adrenal gland
8 Releasing Harmones Stimulates pituitary gland to release hormones
9 Prolactin Pituitary Promotes breast-milk production

3.4. List of Diseases Caused by Bacteria, Virus, • Rabies : It is caused by Rabies virus (Rhabdoviridae family).
Fungi, and ProtozoaHuman Diseases • Dengue fever :It is caused by Dengue virus
• Influenza: It is caused by H1N1 virus
DISEASE CAUSED BY VIRUSES
• Chicken pox :It is caused by Varicella-zoster virus.
DISEASE CAUSED BY BACTERIA
• Small Pox : It is caused by Variola virus.
• Whooping Cough: It is caused by a bacterium called Bordetella
• Common Cold : It is caused by Rhinovirus.
pertussis.
• AIDS (Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome) :It is caused by
• Diphtheria: It is caused by Coryne bacterium diphtheriae.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
• Cholera: It is caused by Vibrio cholerae.
• Measles :It is caused by Measles virus.
• Leprosy : It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
• Mumps :It is caused by Mumps virus.
• Pneumonia: It is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

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 Static GK-2: - PLANT DISEASES
• Tetanus : It is caused by Clostridium tetani.
• Typhoid : It is caused by Salmonella typhi. 3.6. Important Medicinal Plants and Their Uses
• Tuberculosis : It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. India is known for its herbs and spices from ancient times. Some
• Plague : It is caused by Yersinia pestis 2,000 plants have been described in Ayurveda and at least 500 are
in regular use. The World Conservation Union‘s Red List has
named 352 medicinal plants of which 52 are critically threatened
and 49 endangered.
DISEASE CAUSED BY PROTOZOAN
• Malaria: It is spread by Anopheles mosquitoes. The The commonly used plants in India are:
Plasmodium parasite that causes malaria Amoebic Sarpagandha : Used to treat blood pressure; it is found only in
dysentery: It is caused by Entamoebahistolytica. India.
• Sleeping sickness: It is caused by Trypanosomabrucei.
• Kala-azar: It is caused by Leishmaniadonovani Jamun : The juice from ripe fruit is used to prepare vinegar, which
is carminative and diuretic, and has digestive properties. The
DISEASE CAUSED BY FUNGI powder of the seed is used for controlling diabetes.
• Ringworm: Three different genera of fungi namely
Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton cause Arjun : The fresh juice of leaves is a cure for earache. It is also used
ringworm. to regulate blood pressure.

DISEASE CAUSED BY WORMS Babool : Leaves are used as a cure for eye sores. Its gum is used as
• Tapeworm : They are intestinal parasites. It cannot live on its a tonic.
own. It survives within the intestine of an animal including
human. Neem : Has high antibiotic and antibacterial properties.
• Filariasis : It is caused by thread.
• Pinworm : It is caused by small, thin, white roundworm called Tulsi : Is used to cure cough and cold.
Enterobius vermicularis.
Kachnar : Is used to cure asthma and ulcers. The buds and roots
3.5. PLANT DISEASES are good for digestive problems.

VIRAL DISEASES Ashgandh: Stress Tolerance, Immunity, Joint Pains, Skin Sores
• Mosaic disease of tobacco: It is caused by Tobocco mosaic virus
• Bunchy top of banana: This disease is caused by banana virus Ashok: Menstrual Irregularities, Uterine Stimulant
BACTERIAL DISEASE
Amla: Antioxidant, Antistress, Constipation, Fever
• Wilt of potato: It is caused by Pseudomonas solonacearum
bacteria
Elaichi: Nausea, Vomiting, Dry Cough
• Bacterial blight of rice: This disease caused by
Xanthomonasoryzae
Mandukparni: Sedative, Antibiotic, Detoxifier, Laxative
• Black arm of cotton: This disease caused by Xanthomonas
bacteria
Pippali: Asthma, Cough, Indigestion Varun: Kidney Stones,
• Citrus canker: The factor of this disease is Xanthomonascitri Bladder Stones
bacteria
FUNGAL DISEASE Dalchini: Antibacterial, Antiseptic
• Rust of wheat is a disease caused by fungi puccinia
• Damping off of seedling is caused by fungus Aloe vera: Constipation, Digestive distress, Acne, Poor body
pythiumdebaryanum Red root of sugarcane is caused by immunity
fungus colletorichumfalcatum
4. POLITY
Sources Features Borrowed
4.1. Sources of the Constitution bicameralism
Sources Features Borrowed • Office of comptroller & auditor general
Government of • Judiciary Constitution of • Fundamental rights
India Act of 1935 • Public Service Commissions USA • Independence of judiciary
• Federal Scheme • Judicial review
• Office of governor • Impeachment of the president
• Emergency provisions • Removal of Supreme Court and high
• Administrative details courtjudges
Constitution of • Parliamentary government • Post of vice president
Britain • Rule of Law Constitution of • Directive Principles of State Policy
• Legislative procedure Ireland • Nomination of members to Rajya
• Single citizenship Sabha
• Cabinet system • Method of election of president
• Prerogative writs Constitution of • Federation with a strong Centre
• Parliamentary privileges and Canada • Vesting of residuary powers in the

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 Static GK-2: POLITY - Important Articles of The Constitution
Sources Features Borrowed Articles Deals with
Centre Article 24 Prohibition of employment of children in
• Appointment of state governors by the factories, Etc.
Centre Article 25 Freedom of conscience and free profession,
• Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme practice and propagation of religion
Court. Article 26 Every religious denomination or any of its
Australian • Concurrent List section shall have the right to manage its
Constitution • Freedom of trade, commerce and inter religious affairs
course Article 29 Any section of the citizens shall have the
• Joint sitting of the two Houses of right to conserve its distinct
Parliament language, script or culture
Weimar • Suspension of Fundamental Rights Article 30 Right of minorities to establish and
Constitution of during administer educational institutions
Germany • Emergency Article 31 C Saving of laws giving effect to certain
French • Republic and the ideals of liberty, directive principles
Constitution equality Article 32 Remedies for enforcement of fundamental
• and fraternity in the Preamble rights including writs
South African • Procedure for amendment of the PART IV DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE
Constitution Constitution POLICY
• Election of members of Rajya Sabha Article 38 State to secure a social order for the
Japanese • Procedure established by Law promotion of welfare of the people
Constitution Article 40 Organisation of village panchayats
Constitution of • Fundamental duties Article 41 Right to work, to education and to public
USSR(Russia) • The ideal of justice in the Preamble assistance in certain cases
4.2. Important Articles of The Constitution Article 44 Uniform civil code for the citizens
Articles Deals with Article 45 Provision for early childhood care and
PART I THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY education to children below the age of 6 years
Article 1 Name and territory of the Union Article 46 Promotion of educational and economic
Article 2 Admission and establishment of the state. interests of scheduled castes, scheduled
Article 3 Formation of new states and alteration of tribes and other weaker sections
areas, boundaries or Article 48 Organization of agriculture and animal
names of existing states husbandry.
PART II CITIZENSHIP Article 50 Separation of judiciary from executive
Article 5-11 Citizenship Article 51 Promotion of international peace and security
Article 5 Citizenship at the commencement of the PART IV A
Constitution Article 51 A Fundamental duties
Article 7 Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to PART V THE UNION
Pakistan. Article 52 The president of India
Article 10 Continuance of the rights of citizenship Article 53 Executive power of the Union.
Article 11 Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship Article 54 Election of president
by law. Article 59 Conditions of President's office
PART III Fundamentals Rights Article 61 Procedure for impeachment of the president
Article 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of Article 63 The vice president of India
the fundamental rights Article 64 The vice president of India to be ex officio
Article 14 Equality before law chairman of the council of states
Article 15 The State shall not discriminate against any Article 66 Election of vice president
citizen on the ground of religion, race, caste, Article 72 Pardoning powers of president.
sex or place of birth Article 74 Council of ministers to aid and advise the
Article 16 Equality of opportunity in matters of public president
employment Article 76 Attorney-General for India
Article 17 Abolition of untouchability Article 78 Duties of Prime Minister as respects the
Article 18 Abolition of titles furnishing of information to the President,
Article 19 Protection of certain rights regarding etc.
freedom of speech, etc Article 79 Constitution of parliament
Article 20 Protection in respect of conviction for Article 80 Composition of the Rajya Sabha
offences Article 81 Composition of the Lok Sabha
Article 21 Protection of life and personal liberty Article 83 Duration of houses of parliament
Article 21 A Right to elementary education Article 86 Right of president to address and sent
Article 23 Prohibition of traffic human beings and messages to houses
forced labor Article 87 Special address by the president

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 Static GK-2: POLITY - Important Articles of The Constitution
Articles Deals with Articles Deals with
Article 88 Rights of ministers and attorney general as Article 239 Administration of Union territories.
respects houses Article 241 High Courts for Union territories.
Article 93 The speaker and deputy speaker of the Lok Article Special provisions with respect to Delhi
Sabha 239AA
Article 98 Secretariat of parliament Article 239 to The Union Territories
Article 99 Oath of affirmation by members 242
Article 100 Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act Part IX
notwithstanding vacancies and quorum. Article 243 to The Panchayats
Article 107 Provisions as to introduction and passing of 243-0
bills Part IX-A
Article 108 Joint sitting of both houses in certain cases Article 243-P The Municipalities
Article 109 Special procedure in respect of money bills to 243-ZG
Article 110 Definition of Money Bills Part IX-B The Cooperative Societies
Article 111 Assent to bills Part X
Article 112 Annual financial statement (Budget) Article 244 Administration of Scheduled Areas and
Article 116 Votes of account, votes of credit and Tribal Areas.
exceptional grants Part 11
Article 117 Special provisions as to financial bills Article 248 Residuary powers of legislation.
Article 123 Power of president to promulgate ordinances Article 249 Power of Parliament to legislate with respect
during recess of Parliament to a matter in the
Article 124 Establishment and construction of supreme State List in the national interest
court Article 260 Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to
Article 137 Review of judgments or orders by the territories outside India.
supreme court Article 262 Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of
Article 141 Law declared by supreme court to be binding inter-state rivers or
on all courts river valleys
Article 143 Power of president to consult Supreme Court Article 263 Provisions with respect to an inter-state
Article 148 Comptroller and auditor-General of India council
Article 149 Duties and powers of the comptroller and Part 12
auditor-general Article 265 Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of
PART VI THE STATES law
Article 153 Governors of States. Article 266 Consolidated Funds and public accounts of
Article 155 Appointment of governor India and of the States.
Article 156 Term of office of Governor. Article 267 Contingency Fund.
Article 161 Power of governor to grant pardons, etc., and Article 275 Grants from the Union to certain states
to suspend, remit or commute sentences in Article 280 Finance Commission
certain cases Article 300 Suits and proceedings
Article 162 Extent of executive power of State. Article 300 A Right to property
Article 163 Council of ministers to aid and advise the Part 13
governor Article 301 Freedom to trade, commerce, and intercourse
Article 165 Advocate-General for the State. Article 302 Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on
Article 167 Duties of chief minister with regard to the trade, commerce, and intercourse.
furnishing of information to governor, etc Article 304 Restrictions on trade, commerce and
Article 169 Abolition or creation of legislative councils in intercourse among States.
states Part 14
Article 175 Right of Governor to address and send Article 311 Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of
messages to the House or Houses. persons employed in civil capacities under
Article 176 Special address by the Governor. the Union or a state
Article 200 Assent to bills by governor (including Article 312 All-India Services
reservation for President) Article 315 Public service commissions for the Union and
Article 213 Power of governor to promulgate ordinances for the states
during recess of the state legislature Article 320 Functions of Public service commissions
Article 214 High Courts for States. Part 14 A
Article 222 Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to Article 323 A Administrative tribunals
another. Article 323 B Tribunals for other matters
Article 226 Power of high courts to issue certain writs Part 15
Article 227 Power of superintendence over all courts by Article 324 Superintendence, direction and control of
the High Court. elections to be vested in
Article 228 Transfer of certain cases to High Court. an Election Commission
Part VIII

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 Static GK-2: POLITY - INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS SESSIONS
Articles Deals with Articles Deals with
Article 326 Elections to the house of the people and to Article 368 Power of Parliament to amendment the
the legislative assemblies of states to Constitution
be on the basis of adult suffrage Part 21
Part 16 Article 369 Temporary power to Parliament to make
Article 330 Reservation of seats for scheduled castes and laws with respect to certain matters in
scheduled tribes in the House of the People the State List as if they were matters in the
Article 331 Representation of the Anglo-Indian Concurrent List.
Community in the House of the People. Article 370 Temporary provisions with respect to the
Article 335 Claims of scheduled castes and scheduled state of Jammu and Kashmir
tribes to services and Posts Article 371 Special provision with respect to the States of
Article 338 National Commission for Scheduled Castes. Maharashtra and Gujarat.
Article 338-A National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. Article 371-A Special provision with respect to the State of
Part 17 Nagaland.
Article 343 Official language of the Union. Article 371-B Special provision with respect to the State of
Article 345 Official language or languages of a State. Assam
Part 18 Article 371-C Special provision with respect to the State of
Article 352 Proclamation of Emergency (National Manipur.
Emergency) Article 371-D Special provisions with respect to the State of
Article 356 Provisions in case of failure of constitutional Andhra Pradesh.
machinery in states (President‘s Rule) Article 371-E Establishment of Central University in
Article 357 Exercise of legislative powers under Andhra Pradesh.
Proclamation issued under article 356. Article 371-F Special provisions with respect to the State of
Article 360 Provisions as to financial emergency. Sikkim.
Part 19 Article 371-G Special provision with respect to the State of
Article 364 Special provisions as to major ports and Mizoram.
aerodromes Article 371-H Special provision with respect to the State of
Article 365 Effect of failure to comply with, or to give Arunachal Pradesh.
effect to, directions given by the Union Article 371-I Special provision with respect to the State of
(President‘s Rule) Goa.
Part 20 Article 393 Constitution of India: Short title

4.3. INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS SESSIONS

• The Indian national congress was founded in 1885 on the advice of Allan Octavian Hume, a retired EnglishICS officer
• The first session of the congress was held at Bombay. Chaired by W.C.Bannerjee
• The first session of the Indian National Congress was held on 28 December 1885.
• The list of Indian National Congress sessions with their Presidents

Year Place President Importance

1885 Bombay W C Bannerjee First session attended by 72 delegates
1886 Calcutta Dadabhai Naoroji
1887 Madras Syed Badruddin Tyabji First Muslim president
1888 Allahabad George Yule George Yule was the first English President of INC
1889 Bombay Sir William Wedderburn
1890 Calcutta Feroz Shah Mehta
1892 Allahabad W C Bonnerjee
1893 Lahore Dadabhai Naoroji
1895 Poona Surendranath Banerjee
1896 Calcutta Rahimtullah M. Sayani National song ‗Vande Mataram‘sung for the first time by
Rabindranath Tagore
1905 Benares Gopal Krishna Gokhale
1906 Calcutta Dadabhai Naoroji The word swaraj used first time
1907 Surat Rash Behari Ghosh Party splits into extremists and moderates
1911 Calcutta Bishan Narayan Dar ‗Jana Gana Mana‘ sung for the first time
1916 Lucknow Ambica Charan Mazumdar Lucknow Pact – joint session with the Muslim League
1917 Calcutta Annie Besant First woman president of the INC
1919 Amritsar Motilal Nehru Under the presidentship of Motilal Nehru, the Congress
condemned the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in the strongest of
terms.
1920 Calcutta Lala Lajpat Rai Gandhiji moved the Non- cooperation resolution

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 Static GK-2: POLITY - List of Countries and Their Parliament Names
Year Place President Importance
1922 Gaya C R Das
1924 Belgaum M K Gandhi Only session presided over by Mahatma Gandhi
1925 Kanpur Sarojini Naidu First Indian woman president
1927 Madras M.A.Ansari A resolution was passed which advocated the boycott of the
Simon Commission ―at every stage and in every form―.
1928 Calcutta Motilal Nehru All India Youth Congress
formed
1929 Lahore Jawaharlal Nehru • Passed the Resolution on ‗Poorna Swaraj.‘
• 26 January to be observed as ‗Poorna Swaraj Day‘
• Civil Disobedience movement for complete independence to
belaunched
1931 Karachi Vallabhbhai Patel • Gandhi-Irwin pact endorsed.
• Gandhi nominated to represent INC in the second-round
table conference.
• Adopted a resolution on Fundamental Rights and Duties
and provided an insight into what the economic policy of an
independent India
1934 Bombay Rajendra Prasad Amendment in the Constitution of Congress
1936 Lucknow Jawaharlal Nehru Push towards socialist ideas by Jawaharlal Nehru
1936 Faizpur Jawaharlal Nehru First Session to be held in a
(Maharashtra) village
1938 Haripura Subhas Chandra Bose National planning committee set up under Jawaharlal Nehru
1939 Tripuri Subhas Chandra Bose • Subhas Chandra Bose was re-elected but had to resign due
to protest by Gandhiji
• Rajendra Prasad was appointed in his place
• Subhash Chandra Bose formed Forward Bloc
1940 Ramgarh Abul Kalam Azad Civil Disobedience movement to be launched at appropriate
timeand circumstances.
1946 Meerut Acharya Kripalani Last session before independence
1948 Jaipur Pattabhi Sitaramayya First session after independence

No Country Parliament Name

4.4. List of Countries and Their Parliament Names 26 Denmark Folketinget
No Country Parliament Name 27 Ecuador National Congress
1 Afghanistan Shora (National Assembly) 28 East Timor National Parliament
2 Albania People‘s Assembly 29 El Salvador Legislative Assembly
3 Algeria National People‘s Assembly 30 Ethiopia Federal Council and House of
4 Andorra General Council Representative
5 Angola National People‘s Assembly 31 Egypt People's Assembly
6 Argentina National Congress 32 Finland Eduskusta (Parliament)
7 Australia Federal Parliament 33 France National Assembly
8 Austria National Assembly 34 Germany Bundestag (Lower House) Bundesrat
9 Azerbaijan Melli Majlis (National Assembly) (UpperHouse)
10 Bahamas General Assembly 35 Guyana National Assembly
11 Bahrain Consultative Council 36 Greece Chamber of Deputies
12 Bangladesh Jatia Parliament (Jatiya sansad) 37 Hungary National Assembly
13 Belize National Assembly 38 Iceland Althing
14 Bhutan Tsogdu 39 India Parliament
15 Bolivia National Congress 40 Indonesia People‘s Consultative Assembly
16 Botswana National Assembly 41 Iran Majlis
17 Brazil National Congress 42 Iraq National Assembly
18 Britain Parliament 43 Ireland Oireachtas
19 Brunei National Assembly 44 Israel The Knesset
20 Bulgaria Narodno Sabranie 45 Italy Chamber of Deputies and Senate
21 Cambodia National Assembly 46 Japan Diet
22 China National People‘s Assembly 47 Jordan National Assembly
23 Colombia Congress 48 Korea(North) Supreme People‘s Assembly
24 Croatia Sabor 49 Korea(South) National Assembly
25 Cuba National Assembly Of People‘s 50 Kuwait National Assembly
Power 51 Labanon National Assembly

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 Static GK-2: POLITY - Distribution of Rajya Sabha Seats in Indian States and Union Territories
No Country Parliament Name • The Rajya Sabha (first constituted in 1952) is a continuing
52 Laos People‘s Supreme Assembly chamber, it is a permanent body and not subject todissolution.
53 Lativa Saeima However, one-third of its members retire every second year.
54 Lesotho National Assembly And Senate
55 Libya General People‘s Congress • Members of Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of
56 Lithuania Seimas State Legislative Assemblies in accordancewith the system of
57 Luxembourg Chamber Of Deputies proportional representation by means of single transferable vote
58 Madagascar National People‘s Assembly
STATES
59 Magnolia The State Great Khural
No States Rajya Sabha seats
60 Maldives The People's Majlis
1 Andhra Pradesh 11
61 Montenegro Federal Assembly
2 Arunachal Pradesh 1
62 Mozambique People‘s Assembly
3 Assam 7
63 Myanmar Pyithu Hluttaw
4 Bihar 16
64 Nepal Rashtriya Panchayat
5 Chhattisgarh 5
65 Netherlands The States General (Staten-General)
6 Goa 1
66 New Zealand Parliament (House Of
7 Gujarat 11
Representative)
8 Haryana 5
67 Norway The Storting
9 Himachal Pradesh 3
68 Pakistan National Assembly & Senate
10 Jharkhand 6
69 Papua New National Parliament
11 Karnataka 12
Guinea
12 Kerala 9
70 Philippines The Congress
13 Madhya Pradesh 11
71 Poland Sejm
14 Maharashtra 19
72 Romania Great National Assembly
15 Manipur 1
73 Russia The Federal Assembly (Duma &
16 Meghalaya 1
Federal Council)
17 Mizoram 1
74 Saudi Arabia Majlis ash-Shura
18 Nagaland 1
75 Spain The Cortes Generales
19 Odisha 10
76 South Africa Parliament
20 Punjab 7
77 Somalia People‘s Assembly
21 Rajasthan 10
78 Seychelles People‘s Assembly
22 Sikkim 1
79 Syria The People's Council
23 Tamil Nadu 18
80 Sweden Riksdag
24 Telangana 7
81 Switzerland The Federal Assembly
25 Tripura 1
82 Taiwan Yuan
26 Uttar Pradesh 31
83 Turkey Grand National Assembly
27 Uttarakhand 3
84 Uruguay General Assembly
85 USA Congress 28 West Bengal 16
86 Uzbekistan Oliy Majlis(The Supreme Assembly) Union Territory
87 Vietnam National Assembly S.No Union Territory Rajya Sabha
88 Zambia National Assembly seats
89 Zimbabwe Parliament 1 Jammu and Kashmir* 4
• International parliamentary day-30th June 2 NCT of Delhi 3
• Inter parliamentary union 3 Puducherry 1
• Established : 1889
* Jammu and Kashmir is Union Territory from 31 October
• Headquarters: Geneva (Switzerland)
2019.
Slogan: ―For democracy. For everyone
4.6. Distribution of Lok Sabha Seats in Indian States
4.5. Distribution of Rajya Sabha Seats in Indian and Union Territories
States and Union Territories • The Lok Sabha seat allocation to the different states and UTs is
• The maximum strength of the Rajya Sabha is fixed at 250, out of done on the basis of the population of 1971.
which, 238 are to be the representatives ofthe states and union
• The maximum strength of the Lok Sabha is fixed at 552. Out of
territories and 12 are nominated by the president
this, 530 members are to be the representatives of the states, 20
• Presently the Rajya Sabha has 245 members. Of these, 229 members are to be the representatives of the union territories
members represent the states, 4 members representthe union and 2 members are to be nominated by the president from the
territories and 12 members are nominated by the president Anglo-Indian community.

• Presently the Lok Sabha has 545 members. Of these, 530

members represent the states, 13 members represent the union

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 Static GK-2: - List of Lok Sabha (House of the People) Speakers
territories and 2 Anglo-Indian members are nominated by the 19 Odisha 21
President 20 Punjab 13
21 Rajasthan 25
• Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by people. The 22 Sikkim 1
election is based on the principle of universal adult franchise. 23 Tamil Nadu 39
Every Indian citizen who has crossed the age of 18 years is 24 Telangana 17
eligible to vote 25 Tripura 2
26 Uttar Pradesh 80
STATES
27 Uttarakhand 5
No States Lok Sabha seats
1 Andhra Pradesh 25 28 West Bengal 42
2 Arunachal Pradesh 2
3 Assam 14 Union Territory
Bihar No Union seats Territory Lok Sabha
4 40
1 Andaman and Nicobar 1
5 Chhattisgarh 11
Islands
6 Goa 2
2 Chandigarh 1
7 Gujarat 26
3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and 2
8 Haryana 10
Daman and Diu
9 Himachal Pradesh 4
4 Jammu and Kashmir & 6 (J&K-5 ,
10 Jharkhand 14
Ladakh* Ladakh-1)
11 Karnataka 28
5 Lakshadweep 1
12 Kerala 20
6 NCT of Delhi 7
13 Madhya Pradesh 29
7 Puducherry 1
14 Maharashtra 48
15 Manipur 2 * Jammu and Kashmir & Ladakh are Union Territories from 31
16 Meghalaya 2 October 2019
17 Mizoram 1
18 Nagaland 1
4.7. List of Lok Sabha (House of the People) Speakers

No Lok Sabha Term Lok Sabha Remarks

Speakers
1 Ganesh Vasudev 15 May 1952 First • Shri GV.Mavalankar is the first Lok sabha speaker
Mavalankar -27 February 1956 of India.
2 M. A. Ayyangar 8 March 1956 First • MA Ayyangar was the first Deputy Speaker of the
-10 May 1957 Lok Sabha.
11 May 1957- Second
16 April 1962
3 Sardar Hukam 17 April 1962 Third • He was also governor of Rajasthan
Singh -16 March 1967 • from 1967 to 1972.
4 Neelam Sanjiva 17 March 1967 4th • Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy was the sixth President of
Reddy -19 July 1969 India.
26 March 1977 6th • He was the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh.
- 13 July 1977
5 Gurdial Singh 8 August 1969 4th
Dhillon - 19 March 1971
22 March 1971 5th
-1 December 1975
6 Bali Ram Bhagat 15 January 1976 5th
-25 March 1977
7 K. S. Hegde 21 July 1977 6th
-21 January 1980
8 Balram Jakhar 22 January 1980 th
7
-15 January 1985
16 January 1985- th
8
18 December 1989
9 Rabi Ray 19 December 1989 th
9
-9 July 1991
10 Shivraj Patil 10 July 1991- th
10
22 May 1996
11 P. A. Sangma 23 May 1996 th
11
-23 March 1998

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 Static GK-2: ECONOMICS - New Rupee Denomination and Features
12 G. M. C. Balayogi 24 March 1998- th
12
19 October 1999
22 October 1999- th
13
3 March 2002
13 Manohar Joshi 10 May 2002- th
13
2 June 2004
14 Somnath Chatterjee 4 June 2004- th
14
30 May 2009
15 Meira Kumar 30 May 2009- th • First female Speaker of Lok Sabha
15
4 June 2014
16 Sumitra Mahajan 6 June 2014 th
16
-16 June 2019
17 Om Birla 18 June, 2019- th
17
incumbent

5. ECONOMICS
100 66*142 mm Lavender Rani ki vav
5.1. New Rupee Denomination and Features 50 66*135 mm Fluorescent Hampi with
Blue chariot
Denominati Dimension Colour Reverse 20 63*129 mm Greenish Ellora Caves
on Design yellow
2000 66*166 mm Magenta Mangalyaan 10 63*123 mm Chocolate Konark Sun
500 66*150 mm Stone Grey Red Fort Brown Temple
200 66*146 mm Bright Sanchi Stupa
Yellow

5.2. Banks Headquarters and Taglines

Currently, there are a total of 34 banks functioning in India of which 12 are public sector banks and the rest 22 are private sector banks.

Private Banks:
Bank name Headquarters CEO/MD/HEAD Tagline
Axis Bank Mumbai Mr Amitabh Chaudhary Badhti Ka Naam Zindagi
Bandhan Bank Kolkatta Mr Chandra Shekhar Aapka Bhala, Sabki Bhalai
Ghosh
Catholic Syrian Bank Thrissur, Kerala Mr. Pralay Mondal Support All the Way
City Union Bank Tamilnadu Dr. N Kamakodi Trust and Excellence since 1904
Dhanalaxmi Bank Thrissur, Kerala J K Shivan Tann Mann Dhan
Development Credit Bank Mumbai Shri Murali N. Natarajan We value you
ECGC Bank Mumbai M Senthilnathan You Focus on Exports We Cover the
Risks
Federal Bank Kerala Shri Shyam Srinivasan Your Perfect Banking Partner
HDFC Bank Mumbai Sasidhar Jagdishan We Understand Your World
ICICI Bank Mumbai Sandeep Bakshi Hum Hai Na, Khayal Apka
IDBI Bank Mumbai Rakesh Sharma Banking for All “Aao Sochein Bada”
IDFC First Bank Mumbai Mr. V Vaidhyanathan Always You First
IndusInd Bank Maharashtra Sumant Kathpalia We make You Feel Richer, We Care Dil
Se
ING Vysya Bank Bangalore Uday Sareen Jiyo Easy
Jammu & Kashmir Bank Srinagar Baldev Prakash Serving to Empower
Karnataka Bank Mangaluru, Karnataka M.S Mahabaleshwara Your Family Bank across India
Karur Vysya Bank Karur, Tamilnadu Boddu Ramesh Babu A smart way to Bank
Kotak Mahindra Bank Mumbai Uday Kotak Let’s make money simple, Ab Kona Kona
Kotak
Lakshmi Vilas Bank is now DBS Chennai, Tamilnadu Piyush Gupta The Changing Face of Prosperity
Bank
Nainital bank Nainital, Uttarakhand Nikhil Mohan Banking with Personal Touch
South Indian Bank Thrissur, Kerala Murali Ramakrishnan Experience Next Generation Banking
Tamilnadu Mercantile Bank Thoothukudi, K.V Ramamoorthy
Tamilnadu

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 Static GK-2: - Census in India
Bank name Headquarters CEO/MD/HEAD Tagline
Yes Bank Mumbai, Maharashtra Prashant Kumar Experience our Expertise

Public Sector Banks:

Bank Name Headquarters MD / CEO / Head Taglines
State Bank of India Mumbai, Dinesh Kumar Khara With You all the way, Pure Banking
Maharashtra (Chairman) Nothing Else, The Nation Bank on Us, The
Banker to Every Indian, A Bank of the
Common Man
Punjab National Bank (Anchor New Delhi Atul Kumar Goel The Name You Can Bank upon
Bank) + Oriental Bank of
Commerce+ United Bank of
India
Canara Bank (Anchor Bank) + Bengaluru, Karnataka K Satyanarayana Raju Together we can
Syndicate Bank
Indian Bank (Anchor Bank) + Chennai, Tamilnadu Shri Shanti Lal Jain Your Own Bank
Allahabad Bank
Union Bank of India (Anchor Mumbai A. Manimekhalai Good People to Bank with
Bank) + Andhra Bank+
Corporation Bank
Bank of Baroda+ Dena Bank+ Vadodara, Gujarat Sanjiv Chadha India’s International Bank
Vijaya Bank
UCO Bank Kolkatta, West Bengal Shri Soma Sankara Prasad Honours your Trust
Indian Overseas Bank Chennai, Tamilnadu Shri Ajay Kumar Srivastava Good People to Grow with
Bank of India Mumbai Atanu Kumar Das Relationship Beyond Banking
Bank of Maharashtra Pune A. S. Rajeev One Family One Bank
Punjab & Sind Bank New Delhi Swarup Kumar Saha Where Service is a Way of Life
Central Bank of India Mumbai Matam Venkata Rao Central to you since 1911

All India Financial Institutions :

Financial Institutions Headquarter Head
EXIM Bank Mumbai Harsha Bangari
NABARD Mumbai Shri Shaji KV
NHB New Delhi Shri Sarada Kumar Hota
SIDBI Lucknow Siva S Ramann

5.3. Census in India

Census: Females 65. 46%
Census is the process of collecting, compiling, analyzing, Density of Per sq.km 382
evaluating, publishing, and disseminating statistical data population
regarding the population of a country. Sex ratio Per 1000 Males 940 females
First Census in India : Child sex ratio(up Per 1000 Males 914 females
Census operations started in India long back during the period of to 6 years)
the Maurya dynasty. It was systematized during the years 1865 to
1872, though it has been conducted uninterruptedly since the year ▪ Census 2011 was released on 31st March 2011 by the Union
1881. Home secretary and RGI of India
▪ Motto: Our Census, Our Future
Census 2011 in India :
Census 2011 was the 7th Census operation post India's ▪ The increase in Population from 2001- to 2011 is 181 Million
Independence and 15th in total since it began in the year 1981.
The 2011 Census was conducted in two segments: Highest populated state Uttar Pradesh
▪ Population enumeration Highest populated UT Delhi
▪ Housing and house listing Least populous state Sikkim
Census 2011 Report : Least populous UT Lakshadweep
Population Total 1,210,854,977 Highest urban Population in Maharashtra
Males 623,724, 568 India (state& UT)
Lowest urban Population in Lakshadweep
Females 586, 469, 294
India (state& UT)
Literacy Total 74%
Highest Rural Population in Uttar Pradesh
Males 82. 10%
India (state& UT)

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 Static GK-2: - Public Sector Companies and Headquarters
Lowest Rural Population in Lakshadweep ▪ It will be conducted in 18 languages out of 22 scheduled
India (state& UT) languages (under the 8th schedule) and English, while
Highest sex ratio in the state Kerala (1,084) Census 2011 was conducted in 16 of the 22 scheduled
Highest sex ratio in UT Pondicherry (1037) languages.
Lowest sex ratio in the state Haryana (861)
Lowest sex ratio in UT Daman and Diu (710)
5.4. Public Sector Companies and Headquarters
District with the highest sex Mahe, Pondicherry (1147)
No. PSU HQ ESTD
ratio Daman, Daman & Diu (591)
Public Sector Companies (PSU) – Maharatnas
District with the lowest sex
1 National Thermal Power Delhi 1975
ratio
Corporation (NTPC)
Highest child sex ratio in the Mizoram
2 Gas Authority Of India Delhi 1984
state Haryana
Ltd (GAIL)
Lowest child sex ratio in the
3 Steel Authority Of India Delhi 1954
state
Ltd (SAIL)
Highest Literacy Rate in Kerala
4 Bharat Heavy Electrical Delhi 1964
State Lakshadweep
Ltd (BHEL)
Highest Literacy Rate in UT
5 Bharat Petroleum Mumbai 1952
Lowest Literacy Rate in Bihar
Corporation Ltd (BPCL)
State Dadra and Nagar Haveli
6 Indian Oil Corporation Mumbai 1959
Lowest Literacy Rate in UT
Ltd (IOCL)
Highest Literacy Rate Serchhipp (Mizoram) 98.76%
7 Oil and Natural Gas Delhi 1956
District Alirajpur (Madhya pradesh)
Corporation (ONGC)
Lowest Literacy Rate 37.20%
8 Coal India Ltd (CIL) Kolkata 1975
District
9 Rural Electrification Delhi 1969
High-Density State Delhi (11,320 per sq.km)
Corporation (REC)
Most Populated City Mumbai (Maharashtra)
10 Hindustan Petroleum Mumbai 1974
Least Populated City Kapurthala ( Punjab)
Corporation Ltd (HPCL)
Populated District Thane ( Maharashtra) 11 Power Finance Delhi 1986
Least Populated District Dibang Valley( Arunachal Corporation (PFC)
Pradesh) 12 Power Grid Corporation Gurugram 1989
Most Populated Metro Mumbai (18,394,912) of India Ltd (PGCIL)

Census 2021 :
▪ Census 2021 will be the 16th census of India and the 8th
census after the Independence of India.
No. PSU Headquarter Establishment
Public Sector Companies (PSU) – Navratnas
1 Container Corporation Of India (CONCOR) Delhi 1989
2 Engineers India Ltd (EIL) Delhi 1965
3 Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd (MTNL) Delhi 1986
4 National Buildings Construction Corporation (NBCC) Delhi 1960
5 Shipping Corporation Of India (SCI) Mumbai 1961
6 Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) Bengaluru 1940
7 Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) Bengaluru 1954
8 National Aluminium Company (NALCO) Bhubaneswar 1981
9 National Minerals Development Corporation (NMDC) Hyderabad 1958
10 Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd (RINL) Vishakhapatnam 1982
11 Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd (NLC) Neyveli, TN 1956
12 Oil India Ltd (OIL) Duliajam, Assam 1959
13 Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd (RVNL) New Delhi 2003

5.5. Symbols of Indian States and Union Territories

Symbols of Indian States –
No. State Animal Bird Tree Flower
1 Andhra Pradesh Black Buck Indian Roller Neem Water lilies
2 Arunachal Mithun Great Hornbill Hollong Foxtail Orchid
Pradesh
3 Assam One- Horned White-winged wood duck Hollong Foxtail Orchids
Rhinoceros
4 Bihar Gaur House Sparrow Peepal Kachnar

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 Static GK-2: -
No. State Animal Bird Tree Flower
5 Chhattisgarh Wild Buffalo Hill Myna Sal Rhynchostylis gigantea
6 Goa Gaur Yellow- throated Bulbul Matti Jasmine(Plumeria rubra)
7 Gujarat Asiatic Lion Greater Flamingo Banyan Marigold
8 Haryana Blackbuck Black Francolin Peepal Lotus
9 Himachal Snow Leopard Western Tragopan Deodar Rhododendron
Pradesh
10 Jharkhand Elephant Koel Sal Palash
11 Karnataka Elephant Indian Roller Sandal Lotus
12 Kerala Elephant Great Hornbill Coconut Golden Shower Tree
13 Madhya Pradesh Swamp Deer Asian Paradise Flycatcher Banyan Parrot Tree
14 Maharashtra Giant Squirrel Yellow-footed Green Pigeon Mango Jarul
15 Manipur Sangai Mrs. Hume’s Pheasant Toon Shirui Lily
16 Meghalaya Clouded Leopard Hill Myna Gamhar Lady Slipper Orchid
17 Mizoram Serow Mrs. Hume’s Pheasant Iron Wood Red Vanda
18 Nagaland Mithun Blyth’s Tragopan Alder Rhododendron
19 Odisha Sambar deer Indian Roller Banyan Ashoka
20 Punjab Blackbuck Northern Goshawk Sheesham Gladious
21 Rajasthan Chinkara & Camel Great Indian Bustard Khejri Rohira
22 Sikkim Red Panda Blood Pheasant Rhododendron Noble Orchid
23 Tamil Nadu Nilgiri Tahr Emerald Dove Palmyra Palm Kandhal
24 Telangana Spotted Deer (Chital) Indian Roller Jammi Tanner’s Cassia
25 Tripura Phayre’s Langur Green Imperial Pigeon Agar Nageshwar
26 Uttarakhand Musk Deer Himalayan Monal Burans Brahm Kamal
27 Uttar Pradesh Swamp Deer Sarus Crane Ashok Brahm Kamal
28 West Bengal Fishing Cat White-throated Kingfisher Devil’s tree Shephali

5.6. Important Signs or Symbols and Their Meanings

10 One Skull on two Sign of Danger
No Signs/ Symbols Meaning bones crossing each
1 Pen/Lotus Symbol of Culture and other diagonally
Civilization 11 The flag flown at half- Symbol of national mourning
2 Red Cross Medical Aid and Hospital mast
3 Red Flag Revolution and also sign of 12 Flag flown upside signal of distress
danger down
4 Black Flag Symbol of Protest 13 Yellow flag Flown on Vehicles or Ships
5 White Flag Symbol of Truce carrying patients suffering
6 Pegion / Dove/Olive Symbol of Peace from infectious diseases
Branch
7 Wheel Symbol of Progress
8 Red Triangle Sign of Family Planning
9 A blindfolded woman Symbol of Justice
holding a balanced
scale
5.7. List of Important Stock Exchange Around The World

No Name of the Stock Exchange Headquarters Remarks

1 National Stock Exchange Mumbai • Country: India

• Index: Nifty
• Founded:1992
2 BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) Mumbai • Country: India
• Index: Sensex
• Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) is located in Dalal Street, Mumbai.
• Established in 1875
• It is Asia's oldest stock exchange.
3 New York Stock Exchange New York • Index: NYSE Composite
• Country: United States
• New York Stock Exchange is located in Wall Street, New York
• The New York Stock

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 Static GK-2: - List of Central Banks of Different Countries
No Name of the Stock Exchange Headquarters Remarks
• Exchange is the largest stock exchange in the World
• Nickname: "The Big Board"
4 Japan Exchange Group Tokyo • Country :Japan
• Index :Nikkei 225
5 London Stock Exchange Group London • Country :United Kingdom
• Index :FTSE 100
6 NASDAQ (National Association New York • Country : United States
of Securities Dealers Automated • Index : NASDAQ-100
Quotations) • It was the world's first electronic exchange.
7 Shanghai Stock Exchange Shanghai • Country :China
• Index : SSE Composite
8 Hong Kong Stock Exchange Hong Kong • Index : Hang Seng
9 Shenzhen Stock Exchange Shenzhen • Country : China
• Index : SSE Composite
10 Toronto Stock Exchange Toronto • Country :Canada
• Index : S&P/TSX Composite
11 Korea Exchange Seoul • Index :KOSPI
• Country : South Korea
12 JSE Limited Johannesburg • Country :South Africa
• Index :FTSE/JSE
• JSE Limited is the largest stock exchange in Africa
13 Euronext Amsterdam, • Economy: European Union
Brussels,
Dublin,
Lisbon,
London,
Milan,
Oslo and Paris.
14 Taiwan Stock Exchange Taipei • Country :Taiwan
• Index :TAIEX
15 SIX Swiss Exchange Zurich • Country :Switzerland
• Index :SMI
16 Singapore Exchange Limited Singapore • Country :Singapore
• Index :Straits Times Index (STI)

Extra Shots • Amsterdam Stock Exchange is the oldest stock exchange in

• The SEBI is the regulatory body for securities and the world. It was established in 1602
commodity market in India. It was established on 12 April • BSE Sensex is country's first equity index which launched
1988. on 2nd Jan 1986 with the Base Value of 100 as onyear 1978-
79

5.8. List of Central Banks of Different Countries

No Country name Central Bank No Country name Central Bank

1 Afghanistan Bank of Afghanistan 15 Belgium National Bank of Belgium
2 Albania Bank of Albania 16 Belize Central Bank of Belize
3 Algeria Bank of Algeria 17 Bhutan Royal Monetary Authority of
4 Argentina Central Bank of Argentina Bhutan
5 Armenia Central Bank of Armenia 18 Bolivia Central Bank of Bolivia
6 Aruba Central Bank of Aruba 19 Brazil Central Bank of Brazil
7 Australia Reserve Bank of Australia 20 Bulgaria Bulgarian National Bank
8 Austria Austrian National Bank 21 Cambodia National Bank of Cambodia
9 Azerbaijan National Bank of Azerbaijan 22 Canada Bank of Canada- Banque du
10 Bahamas Central Bank of The Bahamas Canada
11 Bahrain Central Bank of Bahrain Chad Bank of Central African States
12 Bangladesh Bangladesh Bank 23 Chile Central Bank of Chile
13 Barbados Central Bank of Barbados 24 China The People‘s Bank of China
14 Belarus National Bank of the Republic of 25 Colombia Bank of the Republic
Belarus 26 Croatia Croatian National Bank

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 Static GK-2: - CERTIFICATION MARKS IN INDIA
No Country name Central Bank No Country name Central Bank
27 Cuba Central Bank of Cuba 68 Mauritius Bank of Mauritius
28 Cyprus Central Bank of Cyprus 69 Mexico Bank of Mexico
29 Czech Czech National Bank 70 Moldova National Bank of Moldova
Republic 71 Mongolia Bank of Mongolia
30 Denmark National Bank of Denmark 72 Mozambique Bank of Mozambique
31 Ecuador Central Bank of Ecuador 73 Namibia Bank of Namibia
32 Egypt Central Bank of Egypt 74 Nepal Nepal Rastra Bank
33 Estonia Bank of Estonia 75 New Zealand Reserve Bank of New Zealand
34 Ethiopia National Bank of Ethiopia 76 Nigeria Central Bank of Nigeria
35 Fiji Reserve Bank of Fiji 77 Pakistan State Bank of Pakistan
36 Finland Bank of Finland 78 Paraguay Central Bank of Paraguay
37 France Bank of France 79 Peru Central Reserve Bank of Peru
38 Georgia National Bank of Georgia 80 Philippines Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
39 Germany Deutsche Bundesbank 81 Poland National Bank of Poland
40 Ghana Bank of Ghana 82 Portugal Bank of Portugal
41 Greece Bank of Greece 83 Qatar Qatar Central Bank
42 Guatemala Bank of Guatemala 84 Romania National Bank of Romania
43 Haiti Central Bank of Haiti 85 Russia Central Bank of the Russian
44 Hong Kong Hong Kong Monetary Authority Federation
45 Hungary Magyar Nemzeti Bank 86 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency
46 Iceland Central Bank of Iceland 87 Seychelles Central Bank of Seychelles
47 India Reserve Bank of India 88 Singapore Monetary Authority of Singapore
48 Indonesia Bank Indonesia 89 Slovakia National Bank of Slovakia
49 Iran Central Bank of the Islamic 90 Slovenia Bank of Slovenia
Republic of Iran 91 South Africa South African Reserve Bank
50 Iraq Central Bank of Iraq 92 Spain Bank of Spain
51 Israel Bank of Israel 93 Sri Lanka Central Bank of Sri Lanka
52 Italy Bank of Italy 94 South Korea Bank of Korea
53 Jamaica Bank of Jamaica 95 Switzerland Swiss National Bank
54 Japan Bank of Japan 96 Sweden Sveriges Riksbank
55 Jordan Central Bank of Jordan 97 Tajikistan National Bank of the Republic of
56 Kazakhstan National Bank of Kazakhstan Tajikistan
57 Kenya Central Bank of Kenya 98 Tanzania Bank of Tanzania
58 Korea Bank of Korea 99 Thailand Bank of Thailand
59 Kuwait Central Bank of Kuwait 100 Turkey Central Bank of the Republic of
60 Kyrgyzstan National Bank of the Kyrgyz Turkey
Republic 101 Tunisia Central Bank of Tunisia
61 Lebanon Central Bank of Lebanon 102 United Arab Central Bank of United Arab
62 Libya Central Bank of Libya Emirates Emirates
63 Lithuania Bank of Lithuania 103 United Bank of England
64 Luxembourg Central Bank of Luxembourg Kingdom
65 Malaysia Central Bank of Malaysia 104 United States Federal Reserve System
66 Malawi Reserve Bank of Malawi 105 Vietnam State Bank of Vietnam
67 Malta Central Bank of Malta 106 Zimbabwe Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe

5.9. CERTIFICATION MARKS IN INDIA

No Certification Certifying agency Remarks

marks
1 AGMARK Directorate of • Products: Agricultural Products
Marketing and • AGMARK is a certification mark employed on agricultural products
Inspection, Government in India, assuring that they conform to a set of standards
ofIndia. • The present AGMARK standards cover quality guidelines for 222
different commodities spanning a variety of pulses, cereals, essential
oils, vegetable oils, fruits and vegetables and semi-processed
products like vermicelli.
2 BIS hallmark Bureau of Indian • Products: Gold and silver jewelry
Standards • It certifies that the piece of jewelry conforms to a set of standards laid
by the Bureau of Indian Standards
• India is the second biggest market for gold and its jewelry.

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 Static GK-2: - Famous News Papers Names in the World
No Certification Certifying agency Remarks
marks
• Hallmarked gold is available in purities of 958 (23 carats), 916 (22
carats), 875 (21 carats) ,750 (18 carats),708(17 carats ) and
• 585 (14 carats)
3 ISI mark Bureau of Indian • Products: Industrial products
Standards • The mark certifies that a product conforms to an Indian standard (IS)
developed by
• the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
4 Ecomark Bureau of Indian • Products: Eco-friendly products
Standard • This mark is issued by the BIS to products conforming to a set of
standards aimed at the least impact on the ecosystem
5 FPO Mark Ministry of Food • Products: All processed fruit products
Processing Industries, • The FPO mark is a certification
Government of India. • mark mandatory on all processed fruit products sold in India such as
packaged fruit beverages, fruit-jams, crushes and squashes, pickles,
dehydrated fruit products, and fruit extracts,
6 Non Central Pollution • The Non Polluting Vehicle mark is a mandatory certification mark
Polluting Control Board of India required on all new motor vehicles sold in India.
Vehicle • The mark certifies that the motor vehicle conforms to the relevant
Mark version of the Bharat Stage emission standards
7 India Organic Agricultural and • India Organic certification mark for organically farmed food products
Processed Food • The certification mark certifies that an organic food product conforms
Products Export to the National Standards for Organic Products established in 2000
Development Authority
(APEDA)
8 FSSAI • All food products
• FSSAI is responsible for protecting and promoting public health
through the regulation and supervision of food safety.
9 Vegetarian • The green dot symbol identifies lacto- vegetarian food, and the
and non- brown dot symbol identifies non-lacto-vegetarian food.
vegetarian • Packaged food and toothpaste products sold in India are required to
marks be labeled with a mandatory mark in order to be distinguished
between Lacto-vegetarian and non-Lacto-vegetarian.
10 Silk Mark Silk Mark Organisation • Silk Mark is a certification mark in India for silk textiles
of India • The mark certifies that the piece of textile which bears the mark is
made of pure natural silk
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the National Standard Body of India.

5.10. Famous News Papers Names in the World

Newspapers Country Language Newspapers Country Language

USA Today USA English Daily Telegraph Britain English
The New York Times USA English Daily Mirror Britain English
The Wall Street USA English The Guardian Britain English
Journal The Times Britain English
Washington Post USA English Khaleej Times Dubai, United English
The Yomiuri Shimbun Japan Japanese Arab Emirates
The Asahi Shimbun Japan Japanese Gulf news Dubai, United English
The Mainichi Japan Japanese Arab Emirates
Newspapers The Island Sri Lanka English
ABC Spain Spanish The Financial Times Britain English
The Times of India India English The Straits Times Singapore English
The Hindu India English Arab news Saudi Arabia English
Hindustan Times India English Dina Thanthi India Tamil
The Indian Express India English Dainik Bhaskar Bhopal, India Hindi
Malayala Manorama India Malayalam El Mundo Spain Spanish
Dainik Bhaskar India Hindi
angzhou Daily China Chinese

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 Static GK-2: HISTORY - List of Secretaries General of the United Nations

5.11. List of Secretaries General of the United Nations

No Secretary-General Country of origin Remarks
1 Trygve Lie Norway • Term of Office: 1946-1952
• First United Nations secretary-general
2 Dag Hammarskjold Sweden • Term of Office: 1953-1961
3 U Thant Myanmar • Term of Office: 1961-1971
4 Kurt Waldheim Austria • Term of Office: 1972-1981
5 Javier Perez de Cuellar Peru • Term of Office: 1982-1991
6 Boutros Boutros-Ghali Egypt • Term of Office: 1992-1996
• Boutros Boutros-Ghali was the UN first secretary general
from the African continent
7 Kofi Annan Ghana • Term of Office: 1997-2006
8 Ban Ki-moon South Korea • Term of Office: 2007-2016
9 Antonio Guterres Portugal • Term of Office: 2017- Present
• He served as prime minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002,
during which time he was heavily involved in the
international effort to resolve the crisis in East Timor.
• 9th United Nations High Commissioner
• for Refugees (2005-2015)
Extra Shots
• The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Security Council. The Secretary-
General's selection is therefore subject to the veto of any of the five permanentmembers of the Security Council.
• Term length-Five years (renewable)

United Nations
• The United Nations (UN) is an international organization established on 24 October 1945, which aims tomaintain international
peace and security.
• The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars, succeeding the ineffectiveLeague of Nations
• Headquarters: New York City
• Its Official Languages are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish

5.12. NATIONAL EMBLEMS OF FAMOUS COUNTRIES

Country Emblem Country Emblem
India Lion Capital of Ashoka Canada Maple Leaf, Lily
Pakistan Crescent and Star Sri Lanka Lion
Bangladesh Water Lilly Hong Kong Bauhinia
Netherlands Lion Iran Rose
UK Rose Israel Candelabrum
USA Bald eagle Turkey Crescent and Star
Italy White Lilly Syria Eagle
Australia Kangaroo Ivory Coast Elephant
New Zealand Kiwi Belgium Lion
Germany Corn Flower Egypt Golden Eagle
Norway Lion Malaysia Tiger
France Lily Philippines Philippine eagle
Iran Rose Ecuador Andean condor
Spain Eagle Bhutan Thunder dragon known as Druk
Japan Chrysanthemum Myanmar Chinthe

6. HISTORY
6.1. Revolutions in India
REVOLUTION FIELD PERSON ASSOCIATED WITH
Evergreen Revolution Agriculture Started in 11th Five Year Plan
Black Revolution Petroleum Production
Blue Revolution Fish Production Dr. Arun Krishnan
Brown Revolution Cocoa/ Leather / Non -Conventional Products
Grey Revolution Fertilizers

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 Static GK-2: HISTORY -
REVOLUTION FIELD PERSON ASSOCIATED WITH
Golden Revolution Horticulture, Honey, Fruit Nirpakh Tutej
Golden Fibre Revolution Jute Production
Pink Revolution Onion and Prawn Production/ Pharmaceuticals Durgesh Patel
Red Revolution Meat and Tomato Production Vishal Tewari
Silver Revolution Egg / Poultry Production Indira Gandhi
Silver Fibre Revolution Cotton
Round Revolution Potato
White Revolution (Or Operation Dairy and Milk Production Verghese Kurien
Flood)
Green Revolution Food Grains Norman Borlong
M.S Swaminathan
William Goud (UK)
Yellow Revolution Oil Seed Revolution (Especially Mustard and Sam Pitroda
Sunflower)
Protein Revolution Higher Production Coined By PM Modi and Arun Jaitley
(Technology-driven 2nd Green Revolution)

6.2. Important Battles in History

Battle of Pullalur :
Battle of Venni : • Parties: Chalukya king Pulakesin II against Pallava king
• Parties: Chola King Karikala & Pandya & Chera kings Mahendravarman I
• Result: Chola King won • Result: Chalukya victory
• Location: Thanjavur • Location: Pullalur or Pollilur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu
• Year: Around 130 CE • Year: 618 – 619 CE
Battle of Koppam :
• Parties: Chalukya king Someshvara I & Chola kings First Battle of Tarain
Rajadhiraja Chola & Rajendra Chola II • Parties: Prithviraj Chauhan against Mohammed Ghori
• Result: Strategic Chola victory; Tactical victory of the • Result: Prithviraj Chauhan won
Western Chalukyas • Location: Taraori, Haryana
• Location: Koppam • Year: 1191 AD
• Year: Around 1054 CE Second Battle of Tarain
Battle of Maski : • Parties: Prithviraj Chauhan against Mohammed Ghori
• Parties: Rajendra Chola I defeated Jayasimha II • Result: Ghori won
• Year: 1019- 1020 AD • Location: Taraori, Haryana
• Year: 1192
Kalinga War : Third Battle of Tarain :
• Parties: Maurya king Ashoka & Kalinga • Parties: Mamluk king Iltutmish of the Delhi Sultanate
• Result: Mauryan victory and Tajuddin Yaldauj
• Location: Kalinga • Result: Iltutmish won
• Year: 261 BC • Location: Tarain
Battle of the Ten Kings (Dāśarājñá Yuddhá) : • Year: 1215
• Parties: Vedic Kingdoms of the Bharatas against the Battle of Diu :
Trtsu-Bharata Sudas • Parties: Portuguese versus the combined forces of the
• Result: Trtsu-Bharata victory Sultan of Gujarat, the Zamorin of Calicut, the Mamluk
• Location: Near River Ravi (ancient Parushni river), Sultanate of Egypt with support from the Republic of
Punjab Venice and the Ottoman Empire
• Year: 14th century BCE • Result: Portuguese victory
• Location: Arabian Sea, Port of Diu
Battle of the Hydaspes • Year: 3 February 1509
• Parties: Alexander against Porus Battle of Khatoli :
• Result: Greek victory and the surrender of Porus • Parties: Lodi dynasty under Ibrahim Lodi and the
• Location: Banks of the Jhelum (Hydaspes to the Greeks), Kingdom of Mewar under Rana Sanga
Punjab (Pakistan) • Result: Mewar victory
• Year: 326 BCE • Location: India, Khatoli, Uttarakhand, Lakheri
Seleucid–Mauryan war • Year: 1518
• Parties: Chandragupta Maurya against Seleucus I Battle of Khanwa :
Nicator • Parties: Babur against Rana Sanga
• Result: Mauryan victory • Result: Mughal victory
• Location: Northwestern India (Indus River Valley) • Location: Khanwa, Rajasthan
• Year: Between 305 and 303 BCE • Year: March 16, 1527 AD

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 Static GK-2: HISTORY - Important Battles in History
• Parties: Nader Shah (Persian Empire) against
Battle of Chanderi or Siege of Chanderi: Muhammad Shah (Mughal Empire)
• Parties: Babur and Medini Rai (Rajputs) • Result: Persian victory
• Result: Mughal victory: Babur captured the Fortress of • Location: Karnal, Haryana
Chanderi • Year: 24 February 1739
• Location: Chanderi Battle of Colachel :
• Year: 20 January 1528 • Parties: Kingdom of Travancore against the Dutch East
Battle of Ghaghra : India Company
• Parties: Babur against Mahmud Lodi (Delhi Sultanate), • Result: Travancore victory
Nusrat Shah (Bengal Sultanate) • Location: Colachel, Travancore Kingdom (present
• Result: Mughal victory Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu)
• Location: Ghaghara River, Bihar • Year: 10 August 1741
• Year: May 6, 1529 First Carnatic War :
Battle of Chausa : • Parties: English and French forces in India
• Parties: Sher Shah Suri against Humayun • Location: Carnatic region, South India
• Result: Mughal loss • Year: 1746 – 1748
• Location: Chausa, Buxar, Bihar Second Carnatic War :
• Year: 26 June 1539 • Parties: French and British forces in India
Battle of Sammel : • Result: British forces won
• Parties : Sher Shah and Rajputs • Location: Carnatic (Southern India)
• Location : Sammel • Year: 1749 – 1754
• Year : 1544 AD Third Carnatic War :
First Battle of Panipat : • Parties: English and French forces in India
• Parties: Babar against Ibrahim Lodi • Result: British victory
• Result: Babar won • Location: Carnatic, South India
• Location: Panipat, Haryana • Year: 1757 – 1763
• Year: 21 April 1526 AD Battle of Plassey :
Second Battle of Panipat : • Parties: British East India Company against Siraj-Ud-
• Parties: Akbar against Hemu Daulah (Nawab of Bengal)
• Result: Mughal victory • Result: British victory, with Mir Jafar, crowned as the
• Location: Panipat, Haryana new Nawab of Bengal
• Year: 5 November 1556 AD • Location: Palasi, on the banks of Bhagirathi river near
Third Battle of Panipat Calcutta
• Parties: Maratha Empire and Durrani Empire • Year: 23 June 1757
(Afghanistan) Battle of Wandiwash (Part of the Third Carnatic War)
• Result: Afghan victory • Parties: English and French forces in India
• Location: Panipat, Haryana • Result: British victory
• Year: 14 January 1761 AD • Location: Vandavasi, Tamil Nadu
Battle of Talikota : • Year: 22 January 1761 AD
• Parties: Vijayanagara Empire (Aliya Rama Raya) against Battle of Buxar
Deccan Sultanate alliance (Ahmednagar, Bijapur, Bidar, • Parties: British against Mir Qasim (administering
and Golconda) Bengal), Shuja-ud-Daulah (Nawab of Awadh), and Shah
• Result: Vijayanagara lost Alam II (Mughal emperor)
• Location: Talikota, Karnataka • Result: British victory
• Year: 23 January 1565 • Location: Buxar, Bihar
Battle of Haldighati : • Year: October 1764 AD
• Parties: Maharana Pratap of Mewar against Akbar’s First Anglo-Mysore War :
forces led by Man Singh I • Parties: British East India Company against Hyder Ali of
• Result: Mughal victory Mysore
• Location: Haldighati, Rajsamand District, Rajasthan • Result: Mysore victory
• Year: 18 June 1576 • Location: South India
Battle of Goa : • Year: 1767–1769
• Parties: Portuguese Armada & Dutch Second Anglo-Mysore War :
• Result: Portuguese won • Parties: British East India Company against Hyder Ali of
• Location: Goa, Portuguese India Mysore
• Year: 1638 - 1639 • Result: Treaty of Mangalore, restoring the status quo
Battle of Samugarh : ante Bellum
• Parties: Dara Shikoh against Aurangzeb for the Mughal • Location: South India
throne • Year: 1780–1784
• Result: Aurangzeb won Third Anglo-Mysore War :
• Location: Samugarh, near Agra • Parties: British East India Company against Tipu Sultan
• Year: 29 May 1658 of Mysore
Battle of Karnal • Result: British victory, Treaty of Seringapatam

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 Static GK-2: - List of Presidents of India From 1950 To 2020
• Location: South India • Parties: British East India Company against the Sikh
• Year: 1790 – 1792 Empire
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War : • Result: British victory; Jammu and Kashmir annexed by
• Parties: British East India Company against Tipu Sultan the East India Company
of Mysore • Location: Mudki, Punjab
• Result: British victory, Mysore entered into a subsidiary • Year: 1845 – 1846
alliance Second Anglo-Sikh War :
• Location: Chiefly South India • Parties: British East India Company against the Sikh
• Year: 1799 Empire
Battle of Pollilur (Part of the Second Anglo-Mysore War) : • Result: British victory
• Parties: British East India Company against Hyder Ali of • Location: Punjab
Mysore • Year: 1848 – 1849
• Result: Both parties claimed victory Battle of Sobraon (Part of the First Anglo-Sikh War)
• Location: Pollilur, Kanchipuram • Parties: British against the Sikh Empire
• Year: 1781 AD • Result: British victory
First Anglo-Maratha War : • Location: Sobraon, Punjab
• Parties: British against Marathas • Year: 10 February 1846
• Result: Maratha victory: Treaty of Salbai Battle of Imphal :
• Location: Pune • Parties: British against Imperial Japan, Provisional Govt.
• Year: 1775 – 1782 of Free India (Azad Hind)
Second Anglo-Maratha War : • Result: British victory
• Parties: British against Marathas • Location: Imphal, Manipur
• Result: British victory • Year: 1944
• Location: India 1st Anglo-Afghan War :
• Year: 1803 – 1805 • Parties: British East India Company & Afghans
Third Anglo-Maratha War • Result: Afghan victory: British withdrawal; Dost
• Parties: British against Marathas Mohammad Khan reinstalled to the throne;
• Result: British victory • Location: Afghanistan
• Location: Maharashtra and neighboring areas • Year: 1839 - 1842
• Year: 1817 – 1819 2nd Anglo-Afghan War :
Battle of Porto Novo • Parties: British East India Company & Afghans
• Parties: British East India Company against Hyder Ali of • Result: British victory: Treaty of Gandamak;
Mysore • Location: Afghanistan, Emirate of Afghanistan
• Result: British victory • Year: 1878 - 80
• Location: Parangipettai (earlier called Porto Novo), 3rd Anglo-Afghan War :
Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu • Parties: British East India Company & Afghans
• Year: 1 July 1781 AD • Result: Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919
First Anglo-Sikh War : • Year: 1919
6.3. List of Presidents of India From 1950 To 2020

No Name Term of office Remarks

1 Dr Rajendra Prasad January 26, 1950 – May 13, •`
1962
2 Dr Sarvepalli May 13, 1962 – May 13, 1967 • Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan served as the second
Radhakrishnan President of India
• First Vice President of India
• First president from South India
3 Dr Zakir Hussain May 13, 1967 – May 03, 1969 • Zakir Husain Khan was served as the third President of
India
• He was the first Muslim President of India.
• The first Indian president to die while in office
• Shortest serving president of India
4 Varahagiri Venkatagiri May 03, 1969 - July 20, 1969 •
(Acting)
5 Justice Mohammad July 20, 1969 – August 24, • 1. Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah was the only chief
Hidayatullah (Acting) 1969 justice of India served as the acting president of India
6 Varahagiri Venkata Giri August 24, 1969 - August 24, • Varahagiri Venkata Giri was the fourth president of
1974 India
• As president, V.V.Giri was the
• only person to be elected as an independent candidate
7 Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed August 24, 1974 - February • Fakhruddin Ali served as the fifth President of India
(1905-1977) 11, 1977 • He was the second President who died in the post of the

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 Static GK-2: - List of Prime Ministers of India From 1947 To 2022
No Name Term of office Remarks
• President.
8 B.D. Jatti (Acting) February 11, 1977 - July 25,
1977
9 Neelam Sanjiva Reddy July 25, 1977 - July 25, 1982 • Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was the sixth President of India
(1913-1996) • The only President of India who was elected unopposed
&
• Youngest president
10 Giani Zail Singh (1916- July 25, 1982 - July 25, 1987 • Giani Zail Singh was the seventh President of India
1994) • The first and only Sikh President of India
11 R. Venkataraman (1910- July 25, 1987 - July 25, 1992 • R. Venkataraman served as the eighth President of
2009) India and
• 7th Vice President of India
12 Dr Shankar Dayal Sharma July 25, 1992 - July 25, 1997 • Shankar Dayal Sharma was the ninth President of India
• Prior to his presidency, Sharma
• had been the eighth Vice President of India.
13 K.R. Narayanan July 25, 1997 - July 25, 2002 • K.R. Narayanan served as the 10th President of India
and 9th Vice President of India
• He was the first Dalit President of India
• He was the first President to
• vote in the Lok Sabha elections when in office
14 Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam July 25, 2002 - July 25, 2007 • Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam served as the 11th President of
India
• He is also known as ‗Missile Man of India‘.
• He was the first scientist who
• became the President of India
15 Smt. Pratibha Devisingh July 25, 2007 - July 25, 2012 • Pratibha Devisingh Patil served as the 12th President of
Patil India
• She is the first and only woman president of India
16 Shri Pranab Mukherjee July 25, 2012 - July 25, 2017 • Pranab Mukherjee served as the 13th President of
India.
17 Shri Ram Nath Kovind July 25, 2017 – July 25, 2022 • He is the 14th and current President of India
• He was the former Governor of Bihar

Extra Shots: • The President can resign from his office at any time by
• The President is the head of the Indian State addressing the resignation letter to the Vice-President.
• President is the nominal executive authority • When a vacancy occurs in the office of the President due to his
• He is the first citizen of India resignation, removal, death or otherwise, theVice-President acts
• The President holds office for a term of five years as the President until a new President is elected. In case the
• He is the supreme commander of the defence forces of India. office of Vice-President is vacant, the Chief Justice of India acts
• He appoints the Chief Justice and the judges of Supreme Court as the President.
and high courts
6.4. List of Prime Ministers of India From 1947 To 2022

No Name Term of office Remarks

1 Jawaharlal Nehru August 15, 1947 - May 27, 1964 • The first Prime Minister of independent India
• Longest-serving Prime minister of India
2 Gulzari Lal Nanda May 27, 1964 - June 9, 1964 • First acting Prime minister of India
(Acting)
3 Lal Bahadur Shastri June 09, 1964 - January 11, 1966 • He led the country during the Indo- Pakistan War of
1965. His slogan "Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan” became very
popular during the war.
• Second Prime Minister of India
4 Gulzari Lal Nanda January 11, 1966 – January 24, 1966 •
(Acting)
5 Indira Gandhi January 24, 1966 – March 24, 1977 • First and only woman Prime Ministerof India
6 Morarji Desai March 24, 1977 - July 28, 1979 • The first non-congress prime minister of India
• He was the first Indian Prime Minister to resign
from office
7 Charan Singh July 28, 1979 - January14, 1980 • Charan Singh was the only Prime

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 Static GK-2: SPORTS - Sports Terminologies
• Minister of India who didn't face the Parliament
8 Indira Gandhi January 14, 1980 – October 31, 1984 •
9 Rajiv Gandhi October 31, 1984 - Dec 01, 1989 • Youngest prime minister of India
10 Vishwanath Pratap December 02, 1989 - Nov 10, 1990 • First prime minister to step down after a vote of the
Singh no-confidence motion
11 Chandra Shekhar November 10, 1990 – June 21, 1991 • Chandra Shekhar served as the eighth Prime
Minister of India
12 P.V. Narasimha Rao June 21, 1991 - May 16, 1996 • P.V. Narasimha Rao served as the 9th Prime
Minister of India
13 Atal Bihari Vajpayee May 16, 1996 - June 01, 1996 • Prime Minister for shortest tenure ( 13 days)
14 H.D. Deve Gowda June 01, 1996 - April 21, 1997 • First Prime Minister from south India
• 11th Prime Minister of India
15 I.K. Gujral April 21, 1997 - March 18, 1998 • 12th Prime Minister of India
16 Atal Bihari Vajpayee March 19, 1998 - May 22, 2004 • First Non-Congress Prime Minister to complete the
full term
17 Dr. Manmohan Singh May 22, 2004 - May 26, 2014 • First Sikh Prime Minister of India
• 13th Prime Minister of India
18 Narendra Modi May 26, 2014 – Incumbent • Narendra Modi (17 September 1950) is the first
Prime Minister of India to be born after the
Independence of India
• 14th and current Prime Minister

Extra Shots:
• The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, while the other ministers are appointed by the President onthe advice of the Prime
Minister
• Prime Minister is the head of the council of ministers.
• Prime Minister is the real executive authority
• Prime minister is the ex-officio chairman of the NITI Aayog, National Development Council, NationalIntegration Council, Inter-State
Council, and National Water Resources Council.
• Prime minister is the chief spokesman of the Union government. He announces government policies on the floor of the House.
• Morarji Desai, Charan Singh, V.P. Singh, P.V. Narasimha Rao, H.D. Deve Gowda and Narendra Modi—became Prime Ministers after being Chief
Ministers of their respective States

7. SPORTS
7.1. Sports Terminologies
Sports Terminology
Cricket LBW, Maiden over, Stumped, Hat-trick, Leg Bye, follow on, Googly, Gulley, SillyPoint, Duck, Run, Drive, no
ball, Cover point, Leg Spinner, Wicket Keeper, Pitch, Crease, Bowling, Leg-Break, Hit – Wicket, Bouncer, Stone-
Walling, Ashes, Hook, Late-Cut, Leg-Break, Yorker, Follow-On, Gulley.
Golf Bunker, Hole, Bogey, Put, Stymie, Caddie, Tee, Links, Putting the green
Football Baseline, Bick, Comer Defender, Dribble, Foul, Free-Kick, Goal, Hand-Ball, Hattrick, Head, Left-Out, Move, Off-
Side, Pass, Penalty, Penalty Kick, Rebound, Right-Out, Side back, Stopper, Throw-In, Drop Kick.
Kho-Kho Chaser, Foul, Out, Pole-By, Runner.
Kabaddi Bonus-Line, Corner, Cover, Raid, Tackle
Hockey Bully, Hat-Trick, Short corner, Stroke, Striking Circle, Penalty corner, Under cutting, Scoop, Centre forward,
Carry, Dribble, Goal, Carried, Stick, Tie-Breaker, Sudden-Death.
Polo Bunder, Chukker, Mallet
Badminton Service, Deuce, Smash, Drop, Let, Game, Love, Double Fault, Feint, Layup.
Boxing Hook , Jab, Kidney Knock-Out, Punch, Uppercut, and Kidney Punch.
Shooting Plug ,Bag, Skeet, Bull's eye
Wrestling Freestyle, Illegal Hold, Near fall, Clamping
Volleyball Antennae, Attack-Hit, Block, Blocking, Deuce-Booster, Dribbling, Libero, Service, Service, Set-Up, Smash
Table Tennis Let, Service, Smash, Drop, Deuce and Spin
Chess Gambit, Checkmate, Stalemate, Check, Bishop and Castle.
Lawn Tennis Smash, Service, Back-hand-drive, Let, Advantage, Deuce, Double-Fault, and Drop- Shot.

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 Static GK-2: SPORTS - Sports Field Names
Basketball Common-Foul, Dunk, Free-Throw, Front, Held-Ball, Layup, Over Head, Pivot,
Rebound, Steal, Technical-Foul, Traveling.
Baseball Diamond, Bunting ,Pitcher, Strike, Home Run, Put Out
Billiards Jigger, Break, Scratch, Cannons, Pot, Cue, In Baulk, Bolting, Baulk.
Shooting Skeet ,Bag, Plug, Bull's eye
Horse Racing Win, Protest, Punter, Jockey, and Place.

7.2. Sports Field Names

Sports Play Ground name Sports Play Ground name
Athletics Track Squash.
Cycling Velodrome Football Field
Cricket Pitch Hockey Field
Golf Course Ice Hockey Rink
Table Tennis Board Curling Rink
Baseball Diamond Boxing Ring
Swimming Pool Judo, Karate Mat
Polo Arena Basketball Court
Tennis, Badminton. Court Kabaddi Court
Handball, Volleyball, Court

7.3. FIFA World Cup: Winners, Runners-Up, Host Nations

FIFA World Cup – Men
Year Host Nation Winners Runners-up
1930 Uruguay Uruguay Argentina
1934 Italy Italy Czechoslovakia
1938 France Italy Hungary
1942 Cancelled due to World War II - -
1946 Cancelled due to World War II - -
1950 Brazil Uruguay Brazil
1954 Switzerland West Germany Hungary
1958 Sweden Brazil Sweden
1962 Chile Brazil Czechoslovakia
1966 England England West Germany
1970 Mexico Brazil Italy
1974 West Germany West Germany Netherlands
1978 Argentina Argentina Netherlands
1982 Spain Italy West Germany
1986 Mexico Argentina West Germany
1990 Italy West Germany Argentina
1994 USA Brazil Italy
1998 France France Brazil
2002 South Korea, Japan Brazil Germany
2006 Germany Italy France
2010 South Africa Spain Netherlands
2014 Brazil Germany Argentina
2018 Russia France Croatia
2022 Qatar - -
2026 Canada, Mexico, USA - -
Extra Shots
• The FIFA World Cup is the most prestigious soccer competition in the world. Played every four years, theWorld Cup hosts the
top 32 national teams in a month long tournament.
• FIFA Headquarters: Zurich, Switzerland
• Brazil is the only national team to have played in all FIFA World Cup editions.
• Brazil has won the most titles of FIFA Men‘s World Cup. It has won the FIFA Men‘s World Cup 5 times(Sweden-1958, Chile-1962,
Mexico-1970, USA-1994 and South Korea/Japan-2002).

FIFA World Cup – Women Year Host Nation Winners Runners-up

Year Host Nation Winners Runners-up 1995 Sweden Norway Germany
1991 China USA Norway 1999 USA USA China

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 Static GK-2: SPORTS -
Year Host Nation Winners Runners-up Year Host Nation Winners Runners-up
2003 USA Germany Sweden New
2007 China Germany Brazil Zealand
2011 Germany Japan USA Extra Shots
2015 Canada United States Japan • USA has won the most titles of FIFA Women’s World Cup.
of America It has won the FIFA women’s World Cup 4 times
2019 France USA Netherlands • Japan was the first Asian team to win a FIFA World Cup
2023 Australia and - - (Japan won the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup)

7.4. List of Sports Events and Venues

Olympics: FIFA U-17 World Cup: Women
Summer: • 2021 – India (Cancelled)
• 2016 - Rio De Janeiro, Brazil • 2022 – India
• 2021 – Tokyo, Japan
• 2024 – Paris, France ICC Cricket World Cup:
• 2028 – Los Angeles, USA • 2015 – Australia & New Zealand
• 2019 – England & Wales
Winter: • 2023 – India
• 2014 - Sochi, Russia
• 2018 - Pyeong Chang, South Korea ICC Women Cricket World Cup:
• 2022 - Beijing, China • 2013- Mumbai, India
• 2026 – Milan & Cortina , Italy • 2017 – London, England
• 2021 – New Zealand
Paralympics:
Summer ICC T-20 World Cup:
• 2016 – Rio De Janeiro, Brazil • 2016 – India
• 2021 – Tokyo, Japan • 2021- UAE & Oman
• 2024 – Paris, France • 2022 – Australia
• 2028 – Los Angeles, USA
ICC Women’s T- 20 World Cup:
Winter • 2018 – West Indies
• 2014 – Sochi, Russia • 2020 – Australia
• 2018 – Pyeong Chang, South Korea • 2023 – South Africa
• 2022 – Beijing, China
Women’s Hockey World Cup:
• 2026 – Milan & Cortina, Italy
• 2014 – The Hague, Netherlands
Asian Games: • 2018 – London
• 2014 – Incheon , South Korea • 2022-Terrassa, Spain & Amstelveen, Netherlands
• 2018 – Jakarta &Plembang, Indonesia
Men’s Hockey World Cup:
• 2022 – Hangzhou, China
• 2014 – The Hague, Netherlands
• 2026 – Nagoya, Japan
• 2018 –Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Common wealth Games: • 2023- Bhubaneswar & Rourkela, India
• 2010 – New Delhi, India
IAAF World Championship in Athletics:
• 2014 – Glasgow, Scotland, UK
• 2017 – London, UK
• 2018 – Queensland , Australia
• 2019 – Doha, Qatar
• 2022 – Birmingham , England
• 2022 – Eugene, United States
FIFA World Cup: • 2023 – Budapest, Hungary
• 2014 – Brazil
Men’s World Boxing Championship:
• 2018 – Russia
• 2017 – Hamburg, Germany
• 2022 – Qatar
• 2019 – Yekaterinburg, Russia
• 2026- Canada, Mexico, United States
• 2021 – Belgrade, Serbia
FIFA U-17 World Cup: Men • 2023 - Tashkent, Uzbekistan
• 2021 – Peru ( Cancelled due to Covid 19)
Women’s World Boxing Championship:
• 2023 – Peru
• 2018 – New Delhi, India

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 Static GK-2: - Number of Players in Various Sports
• 2019 – Ulan-Ude, Russia • 2023 – Srilanka

Asia Cup:
• 2018 – UAE
• 2022 – Pakistan
7.5. Number of Players in Various Sports
Cuba Baseball
Sports Number of players Colombia Tejo
Badminton Single - 1 player & Double - 2 players England Cricket
Baseball 9 Estonia Basketball
Basketball 5 France Football
Cricket 11 Hungary Water polo
Chess 1 Haiti Football
Football (Soccer) 11 Iceland Handball
Hockey 11 India Field Hockey
Kabaddi 7 Indonesia Badminton
Kho Kho 9 Israel Football
Volleyball 6 Italy Football
Water Polo 7 Iran Wrestling
Netball 7 Jamaica Cricket
Polo 4 Japan Sumo Wrestling
Bridge 2 Mauritius Football
Tennis Single - 1 player & Double - 2 players Lithuania Basketball
Table Tennis Single - 1 player & Double - 2 players Nepal Volleyball
Rugby football 15 New Zealand Rugby union
Pakistan Field Hockey
Poland Football
7.6. List of Countries and Their National Games Philippines Arnis
Country National Games / Sports Russia Bandy
Afghanistan Buzkashi Scotland Golf
Antigua And Barbuda Cricket Sri Lanka Volleyball
Argentina Pato Turkey Oil Wrestling
Australia Cricket United States Of Baseball
Bangladesh Kabaddi America
Barbados Cricket Venezuela Baseball
Bhutan Archery Slovenia Skiing
Brazil Football
China Table Tennis
8. DEFENCE
8.1. List of Joint Military Exercises
NAME PARTICIPANTS ARMY NAME PARTICIPANTS ARMY
Paschim Leher Navy, IAF, Army, Navy, IAF, Army, SITMAX India-Singapore- Navy
Coast Guard Coast Guard Thailand
CHIRU Russia-China-Iran Navy Ajeya Warrior India-UK Army
Ex DUSTLIK India-Uzbekistan Army Malabar Exercise India-US- Navy
MILAN Multilateral Navy Australia-Japan
EX-SHAKTI India-France Army JIMEX Indo-Japan Navy
LAMITIYE India-Uzbekistan Army Mitra Shakti India-Srilanka Army
SLINEX India-Srilanka Navy Samudra Shakti Indo-Indonesia Navy
Dharma-Guardian Indo-Japan Army Surya Kiran Indo-Nepal Army
Konkan Shakti India-UK Navy AUSINDEX India-Australia Navy
Yudh Abhyas India-US Army SIMBEX India-Singapore Navy
Sea Dragon Indo-Canada- Navy KAZIND India-Kazakhstan Army
South Korea Zair-al-Bahr India-Qatar Navy
EKUVERIN India-Maldives Army Al-Mohad-Al- India-Saudi Arabia Navy
CORPAT India Indonesia Navy Hindi
DOSTI India-Maldives- Navy SEACAT Exercise Indo-US Navy
Srilanka Zayed Talwar India-UAE Navy

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 Static GK-2: DEFENCE -
NAME PARTICIPANTS ARMY NAME PARTICIPANTS ARMY
TTX Trilateral India-Srilanka- Navy Eastern Bridge Indo-Oman Air Force
Exercise Malidives Exercise
INDRA Exercise India-Russia Army Cobra Warrior Multinational Air Force
PASSEX India-Russia Navy
COP South-2022 US-Bangladesh Air Force
8.2. Defence Equipment
Equipment Type Developed By
Chinook Helicopter Boeing (American Company)
Apache Fighter Helicopter America
HELINA Anti-Tank Missile India
Barak-8 Surface to Air Missile DRDO & Israel
Rafale Fighter Aircraft France
S-400 Air Defence System Russia
INS Vela Scorpene Submarine France
Pinaka Rocket India
INS Kalavari Scorpene Submarine India
8.3. LIST OF HIGHEST CIVILIAN AWARDS OF MAJOR COUNTRIES
No Country Name of the Award No Country Name of the Award
1 Afghanistan The Amir Amanullah Khan Award 20 Mexico Order of the Aztec Eagle (Orden
2 Australia Order of Australia Mexicana del Aguila Azteca)
3 Bangladesh Bangladesh Freedom Honour 21 Nepal Nepal Ratna Man Padavi (Order of the
4 Bhutan Order of great victory of thunder Jewel of Nepal)
dragon 22 Norway The Order of St. Olav
5 China Order of brilliant jade 23 Netherlands Order of the Lion of the Netherlands
6 Denmark Order of Diana Brog 24 Pakistan Nishan-E-Pakistan
7 Egypt Order of the Nile 25 Palestine Grand Collar of the State Of Palestine
8 France Legion of honour 26 Poland The Golden Cross of Merit
9 Germany Order of Merit of the Federal Republic 27 Saudi Arabia Shah Abdul Aziz Medal
of Germany 28 USA Presidential Medal of Freedom
10 Greece Grand Cross of the Order of the 29 Vietnam The order of the Golden Star
Redeemer 30 Spain Order of Isabella the Catholic
11 Georgia The Order of National Hero 31 Sri Lanka Pride of Sri Lanka (Sri
12 Hungary Order of banner Lankabhimanya)
13 Indonesia Star of republic of Indonesia 32 Russia Order of the saint Andrew the apostle
14 India Bharat Ratna 33 Turkey Order of democracy
15 Israel President's Medal (Itur Nesi Medinat 34 Philippines Quezon service cross
Yisra'el) 35 United Arab order of zayed
16 Japan Order of Moulovenice sun Emirates
17 Kenya Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya 36 Chile The Order of Bernardo O'Higgins
18 Kuwait Mubarak-Al-kabir Medal 37 South Korea Grand Order of Mugunghwa
19 Mongolia Best worker award
8.4. Important Intelligence Agencies of The Worlds
No Intelligent Agency Country No Intelligent Agency Country
1 RAW (Research and Analysis Wing) India 11 New Zealand Security Intelligence New Zealand
2 CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) America Service (NZSIS)
3 (Mossad) Institute for Intelligence and Israel 12 General Intelligence Presidency (GIP) Saudi Arabia
Special Operations 13 Public Security Intelligence Agency Japan
4 MI6(Military Intelligence Section 6 or United (PSIA)
Secret Intelligence Service) Kingdom 14 Brazilian Intelligence Agency (ABIN) Brazil
5 ISI (Inter-Services Intelligence) Pakistan 15 Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) Russia
6 MSS (Ministry of State Security) China (Formerly known asKGB)
7 ASIS (Australian Secret Intelligence Australia 16 Brazilian Intelligence Agency (ABIN) Brazil
Service) 17 Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) Russia
8 DGSE (Directorate General for France (Formerly known as KGB)
External Security) • Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is the foreign intelligence
9 BND (Bundesnachrichtendienst) Germany agency of India
10 Canadian Security Intelligence Service Canada • The Intelligence Bureau is the India's internal Intelligence
(CSIS)
Agency of India

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 Static GK-2: DEFENCE - Important Missiles of India
8.5. Important Missiles of India
• Defence Research and Development Organisation Name of Operati Remarks
(DRDO) is the R&D wing of Ministry of Defence. DRDO the onal
is responsible organisation for the military's research and Missile Range
• Nuclear capable missile
development.
12 Agni-VI 8,000– • Intercontinental ballistic
• Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme
12,000 missile
(IGMDP) was started in 1983 and completed in March km • Surface-to-surface Missile
2012. IGMDP was sanctioned to develop Prithvi, Trishul, • Under development
Akash, Nag and Agni Missiles. • Nuclear capable missile
13 Nag 4 km • 1. Anti-Tank Guided Missile
LIST OF IMPORTANT INDIAN MISSILES 14 Helina 7-10km • Helicopter-launched version
Name of Operati Remarks of the Nag anti-tank guided
the onal missile
Missile Range 15 Prithvi I 150 km • Short-Range Ballistic Missile
1 Trishul 9 km • Short-Range surface to air • Surface-to-surface Missile
missile 16 Prithvi II 350 km • Short-Range Ballistic Missile
• Trishul flies at supersonic • Surface-to-surface Missile
speed
17 Dhanush 350 – • Short-Range Ballistic Missile
• It was first successfully test
600 km • Sea-to-Surface or Sea-to-Sea
launched in year 1988
missile
2 Akash 30 km • Short -range surface-to-air
• Naval variant of Prithvi
missile
missile
• It was first successfully test
• It is capable of carrying both
launched in year 1990
conventional as well as
3 Barak 8 90 km • Barak 8 was jointly nuclear warheads
developed by Israel and 18 Shaurya 750 to • Hypersonic surface-to-
India
1,900 surface missile
• Long-Range surface to air km • Medium-Range Ballistic
Missile for ship defence
Missile
4 Barak 1 12 km • Short-Range surface to air 19 BrahMos 300 km • Supersonic cruise missile
missile for ship defence
• It is the fastest supersonic
• Barak 8 was jointly
cruise missile in the world
developed by Israel and
• Can be launched from
India
submarine, ship, aircraft, or
5 Astra 80-110 • Astra is an all-weather land
km beyond-visual- range air-to-
• BrahMos was jointly
air missile
developed by Russia and
• It is the first air-to-air missile India
developed by India
20 Nirbhay 1,000 • Nirbhay is a long range, all-
6 MICA 500 m to • MICA is the multi-mission
km weather, subsonic cruise
80 km air-to-air missile system
21 Prahaar 150 km missile
• Medium-range ballistic • It is capable of carrying both
missile conventional as well as
7 Agni-I 700– • Medium-range ballistic nuclear warheads
1,250 missile • Short-Range Ballistic Missile
km • Surface-to-surface Missile •
• Agni-I was first tested at the
IMPORTANT ONE LINER (DEFENCE)
Interim Test Range in
• Indian Army Day observed on January 15
Chandipur in 1989
• Indian Air Force Day observed on October 8
8 Agni-II 2,000– • Intermediate-range ballistic
3,000 missile • Indian Navy Day observed on December 4
km • Surface-to-surface Missile • The Indian Air Force was established on 8 October 1932
9 Agni-III Up to • Intermediate-range ballistic • India's first nuclear submarine was INS Arihant
5000 km missile • K. M. Cariappa was the first Indian Commander-in-Chief
• Surface-to-surface Missile of the Indian Army.
10 Agni-IV 3,000 – • Intermediate-range ballistic
• Bathinda is the largest Cantonment (military area) in
4,000 missile
India
km • Surface-to-surface Missile
11 Agni-V 5000 – • Intercontinental ballistic • Former President Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam is known as the
8000 missile "Missile Man of India"
Km • Surface-to-surface Missile

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 Static GK-2: -
• Prithvi I was the first missile developed under • Main Battle Tank (MBT) Arjun Mark-I is designed and
Government of India's IGMDP developed by Defence Research and Development
• The K family of missiles named after Indian scientist and Organization (DRDO)
former president A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, is a seriesof
submarine launched ballistic missiles BrahMos was jointly developed by Russia and India. The name
BrahMos is formed from the names of tworivers, the
• Rafale fighter aircraft is being acquired from France
Brahmaputra of India and the Moskva of Russia
8.6. Indian Defence Training Institutions
Training Institutions Place Established Training Institutions Place Established
year year
Rashtriya Indian Military Dehradun 1922 College of Defence Secunderabad 1970
College (RIMC) Management
Army Cadet College Dehradun 1929 College of Combat/Army Mhow, Madhya 1971
Indian Military Academy Dehradun 1932 War Pradesh
National Defence Khadakwasla, 1941 College
Academy Pune Army School of Physical Pune 1978
High Altitude Warfare Gulmarg 1948 Training
School Army Air Defence College Gopalpur, 1989
National Defence College New Delhi 1960 Odisha
Officers Training Chennai 1963 Officers Training Gaya 2011
Academy Academy
Counter Insurgency and Vairengte, 1970 Indian National Defence Gurgaon, 2013
Jungle Warfare School Mizoram University Haryana

9. ART AND CULTURE

9.1. Dance
• Two main divisions of dance forms are classical and folk • Famous Bharatanatyam dancers: Mallika Sarabhai,
Yamini Krishnamurthy , Alarmel Velli, Padma
• Literary sources, inscriptions, excavations and other
Subrahmanyam, Rukmini Devi Arundale , Mrinalini
chronicles provide extensive evidence on this art form
sarabhai, ,Kamala Narayan, Radha Sridhar, Tanjore
Balasaraswati , Hema Malini , Narthaki Natara ,
CLASSICAL DANCES OF INDIA Meenakshi Srinivasan ,Ramali Bin Ibrahim , Bala
• The principle of Indian classical dance derive from the Saraswati , Sonal Mansingh, Guru MK Saroja, Rama
Natyashastra by Bharatamuni Vaidyanathan, C V Chandra Shekhar, Ananda Shankar
Jayant, Shanta and VP Dhananjayan , Geeta Chandran,
The Sangeet Natak Akademi STATE Shobana Chandrakumar, B Herambanathan, Mrinalini
and the Ministry of Culture Vikram Sarabhai
confers classical status to KATHAKALI
eight Indian classicaldance
• Kathakali is a dance of Kerala in south India.
formsDANCES
Bharatanatyam Tamil Nadu • Instruments used: Chenda, madalam, chengila,
idakka and shankhu
Kathakali Kerala
• Famous Kathakali dancers:Vazhenkada kunchu Nair,
Mohiniyattam Kerala
Kottakkal sivaraman, Kalamandalam Gopi,
Odissi Orissa Kalamandalam nair, Kalamandalam Vasu Pisharody ,
Kuchipudi Andhra Pradesh Mrinalini Sarabhai , Kalamandalam Rajan, Guru
Keezhpadam Kumaran Nair, Vallathol Narayana
Manipuri Manipur Menon, Mrinalini Vikram Sarabhai
Kathak North India MANIPURI
Sattriya Assam • Manipuri is an important classical dance form that
has originated from state of Manipur in the north
BHARATANATYAM easternpart of India
• Bharatanatyam is a dance of Tamil Nadu in south
• Instruments used: Pung, cymbals
India, which is earlier known as ‘daasi attam’
• Famous Manipuri dancers: Guru Bipin Singh,
• Instruments used: Mridangam, flute, violin, veena,
Rajkumar Singhajit Singh, Darshana Jhaveri, Sohini
natuvangam
Ray, Jhaveri Sisters, Nirmala Mehta
ODISSI

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 Static GK-2: ART AND CULTURE - Folk Dances Of India
• Odissi dance is the classical dance form of Odisha that • Famous Sattriya dancers: Ghanakanta Bora, Ananda
has its origin in templesInstruments used: Mardala, Mohan Bhagawati, Sharodi saikia, Bhabananda
Harmonium, Flute, Sitar, Violin, Cymbals Baryan,Jatin Goswami, Tankeswar Hazarika
Borbayan
• Famous Odissi dancers: KeluCharan mohapatra,
Padmashree Pankaj, Prasad Das, Priyambada 9.2. Folk Dances Of India
Hejmadi,Sanjukta panigrahi, Minati Mishra, Folk dances performed on various occasions in India like
Kumkum Mohanty, Oopalie Oparajita, Sangeeta Das , festivals, wedding, arrival of seasons etc.
Madhavi Mudgal , Sonal Mansingh , Ileana Citaristi , Indian State Folk Dances
Kelucharan Mohapatra , Ramali Bin Ibrahim , Durga Andhra Vilasini Natyam, Andhra Natyam,
Charan Ranbir , Sujata Mohapatra , Geeta Mahalik, Pradesh Bhamakalpam, Veeranatyam,Dappu,
Guru Mayadhar Raut , Guru Gangadhar Pradhan Tappeta Gullu, Lambadi, Dhimsa,
KATHAK Kolattam, Butta
• A classical dance indigenous to northern India, Bommalu , Kuchipudi
Kathak has developed under the influence of Hindu Assam Bihu, Bichhua, Natpuja, Maharas,
Muslimcultures Kaligopal, Bagurumba, Naga
dance, Khel Gopal, Tabal Chongli,
• The origin of this dance form is attributed to the Canoe, Jhumura Hobjanai , Sattriya
travelling storytellers or kathakars of ancient India Arunachal Aji Lamu, Chalo, Hiirii Khaniing, Popir,
Instruments used: Tabla, sarangi or harmonium with Pradesh Ponung, Pasi Kongki,
manjira Rekham Pada, Roppi
• Famous Kathak dancers: Shambhu Maharaj, Sitara Bihar Jata-Jatin, Bakho-Bakhain, Panwariya,
Devi, Birju Maharaj, Roshan Kumari, Saswati Sen, Sama Chakwa, Bidesia.
RohiniBhate, Shovana Narayan , Lacchu Maharaj , Chhattisgarh Gaur Maria, Panthi, Raut Nacha,
Pandit Rajendra Gangani , Kumari Kamala, Pandwani, Vedamati, Kapalik,
Manjusree Chatterjee , Kumudini Lakhia , Kalka Bharthari Charit, Chandaini
Prasad, Vidyagauri Adkar, Uma Sharma, Pandit Goa Modni, Jhagor, Khol,
Sunder Prasad Dakni,Shigmo,Ghode
Gujarat Garba, Dandiya Ras, Tippani Juriun,
KUCHIPUDI Bhavai.
• Kuchipudi is the classical dance of Andhra Pradesh in Haryana Jhumar, Phag, Daph, Dhamal, Loor,
south India. Gugga, Khor, Gagor.
• It originated in a village named Kuchipudi in the Himachal Jhora, Jhali, Chharhi, Dhaman, Chhapeli,
Indian state of Andhra PradeshThe dance is Pradesh Mahasu, Nati, Dangi
accompanied by song which is usually Carnatic music Jammu and Rauf, Hikat, Mandjas, Kud Dandi Nach,
• Natya tarangini is a school for Kuchipudi Instruments Kashmir Damali, Dumhal
used: Mridangam, violin, flute, tambura Jharkhand Bidesia, Danga,
• Famous Kuchipudi dancers: Vempati Chinna satyam, Karma,Sarahul,Sohrai,Alkap , Paika,
Uma Rama sarma, Shobha Naidu, Vyjayanthi kasha, Barao,
Sreelakshmy Govardhanan ,Vedantam Satyanarayana Jhitka.
Sarma, Yamini Krishnamurthy , Gaddam Padmaja Karnataka Yakshagana, Huttari, Suggi, Kunitha,
Reddy , Mallika Sarabhai, Shobha Naidu, Deepika Karga, Lambi., Pattadakal
Reddy, Haleem Khan Kerala Ottam Thulal, Kaikottikali. Tappatikkali
, Elelakkaradi , Mohiniyattam
MOHINIYATTAM kathakali
• Mohiniyattam is a classical solo dance form of Kerala Maharashtra Lavani, Nakata, Koli, Lezim, Gafa,
that gets its name from 'Mohini', the celestial Dahikala Dasavtar or Bohada., Waghya
enchantress of the Hindu mythology. Murali
Madhya Jawara, Matki, Aada, Khada Nach,
• Instruments used: Mridangam or Madhalam, Idakka,
Pradesh Phulpati, Grida Dance,
flute, veena, kuzhitalam
Selalarki, Selabhadoni, Maanch.,
• Famous Mohiniyattam dancers: Kalamandalam Khajuraho dance
kalyanikutty Amma, kalamandalam Hymavathy, Manipur Dol Cholam, Thang Ta, Lai Haraoba,
SunandaNair, Gopika varma, Neena Prasad, Kanak Pung Cholom, Nat Rash,
Rele, Kalamandalam Kshemavathy Pavithran , Rakhal ,Raukhat
Jayaprabha Menon, Meghalaya Ka Shad Suk Mynsiem, Baala,
Nongkrem, Laho.
SATTRIYA Mizoram Cheraw Dance, Khuallam, Chailam,
• Sattriya is an Indian classical dance that has its origins Sawlakin, Chawnglaizawn,
in the Vaishnava monasteries(sattras) of AssomIn Zangtalam, Par Lam, Tlanglam,
2000 the Sangeet Natak Academy recognized Sattriya Cherokan, Khanatm
as a classical dance Nagaland Chong, Khaiva, Lim Nuralim
• Instruments used: Khols,Talas, flute Odisha Savari, Ghumara, Painka, Munari,

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 Static GK-2: ART AND CULTURE - Folk Dances Of India
Chhau., konark , Paika • Bamboo dance is tribal dance of Nagaland. This dance is
West Bengal Kathi, Gambhira, Dhali, Jatra, Baul, exclusively performed by girls
Marasia, Mahal, Keertan
Punjab Bhangra, Giddha, Daff, Dhaman, Bhand,
Naqual, kikli, Jhoomar. Kolattam
Rajasthan Ghumar, Chakri, Ganagor, Jhulan Leela, • Kolattam is a folk dance originated in Tamil Nadu. This
Jhuma, Suisini, Ghapal, dance form is popular throughout India.
Kalbeliya., Kalbelia • Kolattam performed by young girls with little stick held in
Sikkim Singhi Chham, Chu Faat ,Gayley-Yang hand to celebrate the birthday of God Rama.
Dance, Ghantu ,Kinchum –
Chu – Bomsa, Maarooni Dance ,Nyongri Ootam Tullal
– Nyot ,Shelo, Sherpa Dance, Tamang • Ootam Thullal is a folk dance of Kerala.
Selo ,Yak Chham • Kunchan Nambiar introduced it in the 18th century.
Tamil Nadu Kummi, Kolattam, Kavadi, Karagam ,
Bharatanatyam
FOLK THEATRE OF INDIA
Tripura Bizu Dance,Cheraw,Dailo Nritya, Gajan,
Bhand Pather
Galamuchamo, Garia Dance, Hai Hak
• Bhand Pather is a traditional street theatre of Indian state of
Dance, Hozagiri, Jhum Dance, Lebang
Jammu and Kashmir It takes up mythological stories as
Boomani,Sangrai – Mog Dance,Wya
well as contemporary social issues as themes
Dance , Sangrai
• This social drama incorporates acting, dance and music
Uttar Pradesh Nautanki, Raslila, Kajri, Jhora, Chappeli,
Jaita., Kathak Yakshagana
Uttarakhand Garhwali, Kumayuni, Kajari, Jhora, • Yakshagana is the traditional folk theatre form of Indian
Raslila, Chappeli state of Karnataka.
Lakshadweep Lava, Kolkali, Parichakali. • It is based on mythological stories and Puranas
Bihu
• The Bihu dance is a folk dance from the Indian State of Krishnattam
Assam related to the festival of Bihu. • Krishanattam is a dance oriented folk theatre of Kerala
• There are three festivals in Bihu. Bhogali or Magh Bihu is • Krishnattam is a cycle of eight plays performed for eight
celebrated in January, Rongali or Bohag Bihu in April and consecutive days, presenting the story of lord Krishna
Kongali or Kati Bihu in October
• The most colorful and important one is the spring festival Swang
called Bohag Bihu which is celebrated in the month of April • Swang is a folk dance drama of Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar
• This Joyous dance is performed by both men and women Pradesh and Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh The two
Dancers wear traditionally colourful Assamese clothing. important styles of Swang are from Rohtak and Haathras

Bhangra Nautanki
• The Bhangra is a folk dance from the Indian State of Punjab • Nautanki is a mass entertaining folk theatre popular in
• Bhangra dance is conducted by Punjab farmers to celebrate Haryana, Bihar Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab etc.
the coming of the harvest season.
Rasa Leela
Ghoomar • Rasleela is a theatre form of Uttar Pradesh.
• Ghoomar is a traditional women’s folk dance from the • It is popular in Uttar Pradesh and some other parts of north
Indian State of Rajasthan India
• It is traditionally performed during auspicious occasions,
Diwali, Holi and on a bride's arrival at her marital home Jatra
• Jatra born and flourished in Bengal
Garba • This Bengali folk theatre originated in west Bengal as a
• Garba is the popular form of folk dance from the Indian result of the Bhakthi movement
State of Gujarat. It is performed for nine days during the
festival of Navratri Bhaona
• Bhaona a traditional religious theatre originated and thrived
Kummi in Assam
• Kummi is the popular form of folk dance from the Indian
State of Tamil Nadu. Tamasha
• Kummi is performed by women. The women stand in a • Tamasha is a traditional folk theatre form of Maharashtra. It
circle and clapping their hands rhythmically has evolved from the folk forms such as Gondhal, Jagran
and Kirtan
Dandiya Raas • Life of Lord Krishna is the major theme in most
• 'Dandiya Raas' is a folk dance performed during the time of performances
Navratri, with its origins in Gujarat
• Bamboo dance Dashavatar

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 Static GK-2: ART AND CULTURE - Indian Music
• Dashavatar is a popular theatre form of the Southern 4. Begum Akhtar
Konkan region of Maharastra and Northern Goa regions 5. Kishori Amonkar
Dashavatar is open air performance. Performers wear masks 6. Bade Ghulam Ali Khan
is a feature of this theatrical form 7. Mallikarjun Mansoor
8. Ravi Shankar
Therukoothu 9. Pandit Jasraj
• Theukoothu is the most popular form of folk drama of 10. Ustad Amir Khan
Tamil Nadu. 11. Abdul Rashid Khan
12. Lakshmi Shankar
Bhavai
• Bhavai is a traditional theatre form of Indian state Gujarat Regional Music in India
• Bhavai is usually performed to revere and worship goddess Folk music is an inevitable part of Indian culture. some of the
Amba folk music’s of India are
Music States related to
9.3. Indian Music
Rasiya Geet It is a popular folk music from Braj
• Music has always been an integral part of our culture
region of Uttar Pradesh
• Bharat muni defined music as Nritya, gayan and vadan Pankhida Pankhida originated in the villages of
• The origins of Indian classical music can be found from the Rajasthan
oldest Vedas. The Samveda, one of the fourvedas, describes Lotia Rajasthan
music at length. Pandwani Chhattisgarh
Mando Goa
• The basic scale (grama) of Indian music heptatonic and it Hori Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
has seven notes or svara- Sohar Uttar Pradesh
sadja,rishabha,gandhara,madhyama,panchama,dhaivata,nis Chhakri Jammu & Kashmir
hada, which are abbreviated assa,ri,ga,ma,pa,dha,ni
Laman Laman is an interesting style of
• The sruti is a theoretical interval of which the scale contains Himachali folk music originated in the
22 kullu valley region
Kajri Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
• Pillars of Indian music system are Swara,Raga,Taal
Tappa Punjab
• Two main genres of Indian classical music are Hindustani Teej songs Rajasthan
and Carnatic Bhakha Jammu
Daskathia Odhisa
Carnatic Music Bihu geet Assam
• Carnatic Music flourished under the patronage of Burrakatha Andhra Pradesh
krishnadevaraya in vijayanagar, the capital city of Lavani Maharashtra
Vijayanagara Empire Villu pattu Tamil Nadu
Chai Hia Mizoram
• The golden period of south Indian classical music was
during the time of Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Ammanaivari Tamil Nadu
Syama Sastri.
Musical Instruments and Persons Associated
Famous Carnatic Musicians Musical Person
1. Thyagaraja Instrument
2. Syama Sastri Santoor Pt Shiv Kumar Sharma, Bhajan Sopori
3. Muthuswami Dikshitar Flute Hari Prasad Chaurasia, Pannalal
4. Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar Ghosh, T.R.
5. Semmangudi R srinivasa Iyer Mahalingam
6. M S Subbulakshmi Tabla Zakir Hussain, Allah Rakha, Sabir
7. M Balamurali Krishna Khan, Pt.
8. DK Pattammal Kishan Maharaj, Pt. Jnan Prakash
9. ML Vasanthakumari Ghosh,Sandeep Das , Pandit Nikhil
10. M S Subbulakshmi Jyoti Ghosh, Kelucharan Mohapatra,
Pandit Swapan Chaudhuri, Anokhelal
Hindustani Music Mishra
• Hindustani is a classical music genre of northern India Sarod Allauddin Khan, Ali Akbar Khan,
Amjad AliKhan, Buddhadev Das
• Amir Khusrau a prolific musician is believed the khayal,
Gupta, Sharan Rani,
tarana and qawwali styles of music. He is often called the
Zarin S Sharma
father of qawwali
Shehnai Bismillah Khan, Krishna Ram
Famous Hindustani Musicians Chaudhary, Ali
Ahmad Hussain
1. Zakir Hussain
Sitar Pt Ravi Shankar, Shahid Parvez Khan,
2. Shubha Mudgal
Budhaditya Mukherjee, Anushka
3. Girija Devi

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 Static GK-2: ART AND CULTURE - Musical Instruments and Persons Associated
Musical Person 9.4. Musical Instruments and Persons Associated
Instrument Musical Person
Shankar,Nikhil Banerjee, Vilayat Khan, Instrument
Mustaq Ali Santoor Pt Shiv Kumar Sharma, Bhajan Sopori
Khan, Vilayat Khan Flute Hari Prasad Chaurasia, Pannalal
Sarangi Shakoor Khan, Pt Ram Narayan, Ghosh, T.R. Mahalingam
Ramesh Tabla Zakir Hussain, Allah Rakha, Sabir
Mishra, Sultan Khan, Ustad Binda Khan, Pt. Kishan Maharaj, Pt. Jnan
Khan, Ustad Sabri Khan, Prakash Ghosh, Sandeep Das
Violin Nagai R Muralidharan, M. Sarod Allauddin Khan, Ali Akbar Khan,
Chandrasekharan, V.G. Jog , Lalgudi Amjad Ali Khan, Buddhadev Das
Jayaraman, R.P Shastri, Mohanan Gupta, Sharan Rani, Zarin S Sharma
Chandrasekaran, Lalgudi Gopala Iyer Shehnai Bismillah Khan, Krishna Ram
Jayaraman Chaudhary, Ali Ahmad Hussain
Veena Sundaram Balachandrer, Ayyagari Sitar Pt Ravi Shankar, Shahid Parvez Khan,
Syamasundaram, Doraiswamy Iyengar Budhaditya Mukherjee,
Rudra Veena Bahauddin Dagar ,Asad Ali Khan ,Asit Anushka Shankar, Nikhil Banerjee,
Kumar Vilayat Khan, Mustaq Ali Khan
Banerjee Sarangi Shakoor Khan, Pt Ram Narayan,
surbahar Ustad Imrat Khan Ramesh Mishra, Sultan Khan, Ustad
Nadhaswaram Sheik Chinna Moulana Binda Khan
Ghatam Thetakudi Harihara Vinayakram, Violin N.R. Muralidharan, M.
Vikku Vinayakaram Chandrasekharan, V.G. Jog, Lalgudi
Mridangam Umalayapuram Sivaraman, Palghat Jayaraman, R.P Shastri
Mani Iyer, Veena Sundaram Balachandrer, Ayyagari
Pudukkottai Dakshinamurthy Pillai, Syamasundaram, Doraiswamy Iyengar
Kelucharan Mohapatra, Rajna Rudra Veena Bahauddin Dagar ,Asad Ali Khan ,Asit
Swaminathan Kumar Banerjee
kanjira Pudukkottai Dakshinamurthy Pillai Mridangam Umalayapuram Sivaraman, Palghat
Mandolin U Srinivas Mani Iyer, Pudukkottai
Guitar Braj Bhushan Kabra Dakshinamurthy Pillai
Surbahar Annapurna Devi, Sajjad Hussain kanjira Pudukkottai Dakshinamurthy Pillai
Flute Hari Prasad Chaurasia, Pannalal Mandolin U Srinivas
Ghosh, TR Guitar Braj Bhushan Kabra
Mahalingam. Surbahar Annapurna Devi, Sajjad Hussain
Pakhavaj Kelucharan Mohapatra , Pandit Flute Hari Prasad Chaurasia, Pannalal
Bhawani Shankar Ghosh, TR Mahalingam.

9.5. Indian Paintings

• Indian Paintings can be broadly classified as the Murals & not many remain today. Prime examples are the Rajasthani
Miniatures & Mughal miniatures
Mural Paintings • Religious texts on Buddhism executed under the Palas of the
• Indian Mural Paintings are paintings made on walls of eastern India as well as the Jain texts executed in western
caves and palaces Major Themes: Hinduism, Buddhism and India are the some of the earliest of miniature painting in
Jainism the country
• Some of the earliest murals in India are found in the caves of Folk paintings
Ajanta, Ellora and Elephanta also on the Bagh caves and • The folk and tribal arts of India are very ethnic and colorful
Sittanvasal and vibrant enough to speak volumes about the country's
rich heritage
• Wall paintings found in the temples of Kailashnath Temple
of Kanchipuram in Tamil Nadu ,Brihadesvara Temple of • Some of the most famous folk paintings of India are
Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu and Buddhist viharas or discussed below
monasteries and chaitya or prayer halls in Ajanta in Madhubani Painting
Maharashtra.
Miniature paintings
• Miniature paintings are characterized with small and • It is practised in the Mithila region of Bihar.
detailed paintings • Traditionally done by women
• Miniature paintings are those executed on a very small scale • No space is left empty in Madhubani paintings. Gaps are
on perishable material such as paper, cloth, etc., though this filled in with paintings of flowers, animals, birds and
style had been perfected by artisans under the various rules, geometric designs

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 Static GK-2: ART AND CULTURE -
• Tribal motifs and bright earthy colours are other aspects Patna Kalam
that make these paintings attractive The different style of • Patna School of Painting (also Patna Qalaam, Patna Kalam,
Madhubani paintings are Bharni, Katchni, Tantrik, Godna or Company painting) is a style of Indian painting which
and Kohbar Mahasundari Devi is the famous artist of the existed in Bihar, India in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Madhubani painting.
• Patna Kalam is an off-shoot of Mughal painting
Patachitra
• Pattachitra is a disciplined ancient art genre from odhisa
FAMOUS INDIAN ARTISTS AND THEIR PAINTINGS
• Paintings are based on the Balrama ,Subhadr, Lord
Painter/Artist Famous Work
Jagannath, Dashavatara and the scenes related to the life
Raja Ravi Varma Hamsa Damayanti, Shakuntala,
Lord Krishna.
Arjuna and
Kalamkari Subhadra
• The Indian style of Kalamkari painting flourished in Nihal Chand Bani Thani, Dipavalika
kalahasti and Machilipatnam in Andhra Pradesh Binod Behari Mukherjee Villagers
• It is a type of hand-paints or block-printed cotton textile, Syed Haider Raza Saurashtra
produced kalamkari sarees from parts of Andhra Pradesh Tyeb Mehta Mahishasura
and Tamil Nadu Jamini Roy Mother and Child, Krishna and
Balarama,
Pithora Painting
Warrior King
• It is the folk painting of Rathvas and Bhilalas tribes of
Arpita Singh Wish Dream
Gujarati Kolam
Rabindranath Tagore Landscape, Dancing Woman,
• Kolam is a ritualistic design drawn at the threshold of Woman's Face,
households and temples It is drawn by women every day at Head Study (Geometric)
dawn and dusk in South India Abanindranath Tagore Bharat Mata, Ganesh Janani
• Kolam is a free-hand drawing with symmetrical and neat ,Asoka’s Queen
geometrical patterns.

INDIAN MARTIAL ARTS

Warli Paintings
Martial Arts Originated from
• This folk paintings style belongs to the warli tribe of
Kalaripayattu Kerala
Maharashtra warli is one of the oldest art forms of India
Silambam Tamil Nadu
Kalighat paintings Thoda Himachal Pradesh
Thang-ta and Sarit Sarak Manipur
Cheibi Gadga Manipur
• It originated in the vicinity of kalighat Kali Temple
Gatka Punjab
(Kolkata)
Lathi Punjab & Bengal
• The themes for these paintings extend from mythological Musti Yuddha Varanasi
events to contemporary social issues Pari-Khanda Bihar
Thangka Paintings Kathi Samu Andhra Pradesh
Karra Samu Andhra Pradesh
Mukna Manipur
• It is a Tibetan folk painting Inbuan Wrestling Mizoram
• In this art form, images of Buddha paintings are made on Mardani Khel Kolhapur, Maharashtra
the cotton or silk cloths

9.6. Calendars In India

• In India, four types of calendars are followed • The Vikram Samvat has 12 months with each month
divided into two phases: Shukla paksha (15 days) – begins
1. Vikram Samvat
with new moon day and ends with full moon day Krishna
2. Saka Samvat paksha (15 days) – begins with full moon day and ends with
3. Hijri calendar new moon day

4. Gregorian calendar Saka Era

• The Saka Era was founded by Kanishka, the emperor of
Vikram Samvat (Hindu lunar calendar) Kushana Empire from the year 78 A.D. The Gazette of
• The Vikram Samvat is a historical calendar for the Hindus India uses this calendar along with the Gregorian Calendar
in India
• The Saka calendar used as the official calendar in the
• Vikram Samvat is an official calendar of Nepal and is country is the National Calendar of India
named after the king Vikramaditya of Ujjain. This is a
calendar based on the movement of the moon and has 365 • The Saka calendar consists of 365 days and 12 months which
days in a year. is similar to the structure of the Gregorian calendar.

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 Static GK-2: ART AND CULTURE - Arts And Cultural Institutions in India
• The first month of the Saka Satvam is Chaitra which begins Kerala Onam, Nishagandhi festival, vaikathashtami
on March 22 which begins with March 21 during the leap festival, Thrissur Pooram, Soorya Classical
year Dance Festival
Hijra calendar Odisha Konark festival, International sand art festival,
• The Hijri calendar is an Islamic lunar calendar which Nabakalebara festival.
consists of 12 lunar months and 355 days Maharashtra Kalidas festival, Chikoo Utsav, Gudhi Padwa.,
Ellora Ajanta Dance Festival
• The first Islamic year began in 622 AD and is believed to Manipur Yaoshang, Chavang Kut, Porag
mark the emigration of Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Sikkim Saga Dawa, Losoong, Drupka Teshi, Bumchu.
Medina Meghalaya Ahaia festival ,Nongkrem Dance Festival,
• The first day of the year in Hijra calendar is observed on the Wangala Festival, Bob Dylan festival,
first day of Muharram, which is the first month in the Mizoram ChapcharKut Festival
Islamic calendar. Nagaland Hornbill Festival, Moatsu festival.
Telangana Ugadi, Bathukamma, Kothakonda Jatara,
• Muslims use this calendar to decide the days on which to
Bonalu.
observe Ramadan, to attend Hajj, and to celebrate other
Tamil Nadu Pongal, Thaipoosam, Jallikattu,Panguni
Islamic festivals
Uthiram, Puthandu.
Gregorian calendar Uttar Kumbh Mela, Ram Leela, kans ka mela
• Gregorian calendar was introduced in 1582 by Pope Pradesh
Gregory XIII and is the most used calendar in the world West Bengal Durga Puja, Poush mela, Naba barsha
Gregorian calendar spaces leap years to make the average Punjab Baisakhi, Lohri
year 365.2425 days long, approximating the 365.2422-day Rajasthan Kolayat Fair, Bundi Utsav, Desert festival,
tropical year that is determined by the Earth's revolution Gangaur Festival, Matsya festival, Braj
around the Sun. festival, Shekhawati festival.
• The Gregorian calendar was developed as a correction to the
Julian Calendar New Year's Day in Different Regions of India
Ugadi Telugu New Year
INDIAN FAIRS AND FESTIVALS
Baisakhi Punjabi New Year
State Festivals
Puthandu Tamil New Year.
Andhra Rottela panduga, Brahmotsavam, Ugadi or the
Bohag Bihu Assamese New Year.
Pradesh Telugu New Year, Dasara, Sri Rama Navami
Pohela Boishakh Bengali New Year.
Arunachal Solung festival, Losar Festival, Murung,
Pradesh Mopin festval, Reh festival, Choekhor Festival, Bestu Varas Gujarati New Year.
Torgya Festival ,Talmadu Festival, Vishu Malayalam New Year.
Assam Ambubasi festival, Bohag Bihu, Baishagu Losoong Sikkimese New Year.
festival, Majuli festival, Pragjyoti dance Pana Sankranti Odisha New Year
festival, Jonbeel Mela. Bestu Varas Gujarati New Year
Bihar Bihula, Chhath Puja, Madhushravani, Rajgir Navreh Kashmiri New Year
Dance festival, Sama Chakeva, Jivitputrika Losar Arunachal Pradesh New Year
Gujarat Kite Festival, Holi, Modhera Dance Festival, Gudi Padwa Gudi Padwa is the first day of
Saptak Music Festival, Kutch Mahotsava Chaitra month and
Goa Ghumot fest, Chikalkalo, Fontaihas Festival marked as the New year in
of Art, sunburn festival, Ladainha, Mando Maharashtra.
Festival Jude Sheetal Maithili New Year
Madhya Khajuraho festival, Malwa Utsav, Tansen It is celebrated by the Maithili’s in
Pradesh music festival Bihar, Jharkhand and even Nepal.
Haryana Baisakhi festival, Surajkund Craft Mela Maithili New Year is usually
Jammu & Dosmuchey festival, Matho Narang, Gemis celebrated on the
Kashmir Festival, Galdan Namchot, Tulip Festival 14th of April according to the
Gregorian
Jharkhand Sarhul, Dansi, Karma, Hal Punhya, Rohin,
Bandna calendar.
Karnataka Pattadakal Dance festival, Gudi Padwa.

9.7. Arts And Cultural Institutions in India

Institutions Headquarters / Location Lalit Kala Academy 1954 New Delhi
Anthropological Survey of Kolkata National Archives of India, New Delhi
India, 1945 1981
Archaeological Survey of New Delhi National School of Drama, New Delhi
India, 1861 1959
Asiatic Society, 1784 Kolkata Sahitya Academy, 1954 New Delhi
Indira Gandhi National New Delhi Sangeet Natak Academy, New Delhi
Centre for Arts, 1985 1953

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 Static GK-2: ART AND CULTURE -
Science city Kolkata Birla Industrial and Tech Kolkata
Victoria Memorial Hall Kolkata Museum
Indian council for cultural New Delhi Centre for Cultural New Delhi
relations Resources and Training
Indian institute of Islamic New Delhi Indian National Trust for New Delhi
studies Art and Cultural
National book trust,1957 New Delhi Heritage,1984
National gallery of modern New Delhi National Museum of India New Delhi
art The Mehrangarh Museum Jodhpur
National handicrafts and New Delhi Trust
handlooms Museum The Government Museum Chandigarh
National Library of India Kolkata and Art Gallery
Central Institute of Leh
Buddhist Studies

9.8. Temples In India

• Indian temples can be classified into two broad orders as
• Nagara (in North India)
• Dravida (in South India)
• Mandapa is the entrance to the temple.
• Shikhara is found in North Indian temples and Vimana is found in South Indian temples. Kalasha is the topmost point of the
temple and commonly seen in North Indian temples
• Mandapa is the entrance to the temple. Dances and such other entertainments are practiced here.
Famous Temple Location About temples
Amarnath Temple Jammu & Kashmir Lord shiva is primary deity
Vaishno Devi Temple Jammu & Kashmir
Golden temple Amritsar, Punjab Founded by fourth Sikh guru Guru Ram Das with the fifth Guru Arjan
Akshardham Temple New Delhi
Konark Sun Temple Konark, Odisha It also known as the Black Pagoda Temple was built by King
Narasimhadeva I and dedicated to Sun God Surya
Jagannath Temple Puri, Odisha Dedicated to Lord Jagannath, a form
of lord Maha Vishnu
Brihadeeswara Temple Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu Temple was built by Chola king Raja Raja Chola I Lord shiva is primary
deity
Siddhivinayak Temple Mumbai, Maharashtra Dedicated to Lord Ganesha
Somnath Temple Saurashtra, Gujarat Lord shiva is primary deity
Lingaraj Temple Bhubaneshwar, Odisha Dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is an example of the Kalinga Style of
Architecture. This style broadly
comes under the Nagara style.
Kamakhya Temple Guwahati, Assam
Shirdi Sai Baba Temple Shirdi, Maharashtra
Dilwara Temples Mount Abu, Rajasthan Jain temples
Khajuraho Temples Khajuraho, Madhya UNESCO World Heritage Site. The temples were patronized by Chandela
Pradesh kings.
Tirupati Balaji Temple Tirupati Balaji Temple Dedicated to Lord Vishnu
Virupaksha Temple Hampi, Karnataka The temple is dedicated to Lord Virupaksha, a form of Shiva
Meenakshi Temple Madurai, Tamil Nadu Temple is dedicated to Meenakshi, a form of Parvati, and her consort,
Sundareshwar, a form of Shiva
Ramanathaswamy Rameswaram, Tamil Dedicated to Lord Shiva
Temple Nadu
Padmanabhaswamy Thiruvananthapuram, Dedicated to Lord Vishnu
Temple Kerala
Dakshineswar Kali Kolkata, West Bengal
Temple
Gomateshwara Bahubali Shravanbela Gola,
Temple Karnataka
Nataraja Temple Chidambaram, Tamil Temple is dedicated to Natarajar (Shiva)
Nadu
Sabarimala Temple Pathanamthitta, Kerala

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 Static GK-2: ART AND CULTURE - Indian Languages
Mahakaleshwar Temple Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh Dedicated to Lord Shiva
Kashi Vishwanath Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh Dedicated to Lord Shiva
Temple
Badrinath Temple Badrinath, Uttarakhand Dedicated to Lord Vishnu
Kedarnath Temple Kedarnath, Uttarakhand Dedicated to Lord Shiva
Kailasnath Temple Ellora, Maharashtra Build by Rashtrakuta King Krishna I
Shore temple Mahabalipuram The Shore Temple of Mamallapuram was built by Narasimhavarman II

9.9. Indian Languages

• The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution consists of 22 languages; originally, there were 14 languages in the 8th schedule.
• The further languages were added as later:
1. Sindhi by 21st amendment, 1967
2. Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali languages by 71st amendment, 1992
3. Bodo, Dogri, Santhali and Maithali by 92nd
• Amendment, 2004. The 22 official languages and related states are
1. ASSAMESE – Assam
2. BENGALI – West Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Tripura, West Bengal
3. BODO – Assam
4. DOGRI – Jammu and Kashmir
5. GUJARATI – Daman and Diu, Gujarat ,Dadra and Nagar Haveli
6. HINDI – ,Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand ,Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chandigarh,
Chhattisgarh, the national capital territory of Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh.
7. KANNADA – Karnataka
8. KASHMIRI – Jammu and Kashmir
9. KONKANI – Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra
10. MAITHILI – Bihar
11. MALAYALAM – Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Kerala
12. MANIPURI – Manipur
13. MARATHI – Dadra & Nagar Haveli , Daman and Diu, Goa, Maharashtra
14. NEPALI – Sikkim, West Bengal
15. ODIYA – Odisha
16. PUNJABI – Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab
17. SANSKRIT – Only in scriptures. Not in usage.
18. SANTHALI – Santhal tribal of the Chota Nagpur Plateau (comprising the states of Orissa ,Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand)
19. SINDHI – Sindhi community
20. TAMIL – Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu.
21. TELUGU – Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana
22. URDU – Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana
Classical Languages
• To determine the eligibility of language to be considered as a classical language the Government of India follows the following
criteria
1. High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500-2000 years
2. A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers
3. The literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community
4. The classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical
language and its later forms or its offshoots.
• Tamil was the first Classical Language of India Current classical Languages are

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 Static GK-2: MISCELLANEOUS -
1. Tamil (since 2004)
2. Sanskrit (since 2005)
3. Telugu (since 2008)
4. Kannada (Since 2008)
5. Malayalam (since 2013)
6. Odiya (since 2014)

Some important points about languages

• Tamil language was used in the literature of Sangam period
• Dravidian languages are Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam
• Konkani language recently included in the 8th Schedule of the Constitution, which is widely spoken in goa
• Tamil is the oldest Dravidian language
• Sahitya Academy promotes and develops literature in all the 22 languages of India
• The languages spoken in Sikkim are Nepali, Hindi, Lepcha, Bhutani
• The language spoken in Lakshadweep islands is Malayalam
• The oldest Indian Language is Tamil
• Official language of Nagaland is English
• The Indian language known as the 'Italian of the East' is Telugu
• The official language of the Supreme Court and High Court as prescribed by the Constitution of India is English
9.10. Awards - India
Civilian Rewards Dhyan Chand Award
• The award that is given to the veteran sportspersons of
Bharat Ratna India for their lifetime achievement in their respective field
• It is the highest civilian award of India. Instituted in 1954 of sport is named as the Dhyan Chand Award for Life Time
• The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna was C. Achievement in Sports and Games
Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and C. V.
Raman Dronacharya Award
• The number of Bharat Ratna is restricted to a maximum of • This award is given to coaches and sports teachers for
three nominees being awarded per year producing great skilled teams and individual players in
various sports
Padma Vibhushan • Dronacharya awards were initiated in 1985
• The Padma Vibhushan is the second-highest civilian award
of India, second only to the Bharat Ratna. Instituted in 1954 Arjuna Award
• The Arjuna Awards are given by the Ministry of Youth
Padma Bhushan Affairs and Sports, Government of India to recognize
• The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award of outstanding achievement in sports. Instituted in 1961
India, proceeded by the Bharat Ratna and the Padma
Vibhushan and followed by the Padma Shri. Instituted in Literature Awards
1954 • Jyanpith award
• Saraswati Samman
Padma Shri • Moorti Devi Award
• Padma Shri is the fourth highest civilian award in the • Bihari Puraskar
Republic of India • Sahitya Academy Award

National Sports Awards Gallantry awards

• Param vir chakra.
Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award (Previously known • Maha vir chakra.
as Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna) • Vir chakra.
• The Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna is the highest honour • Ashoka chakra.
bestowed to a sportsperson for his/her achievements in • Kirti chakra.
India
• Shaurya chakra.
• The first recipient of the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award is
Viswanathan Anand

10.MISCELLANEOUS

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 Static GK-2: MISCELLANEOUS - Important Superlatives in India (“Largest/Longest/Highest/Biggest/Smallest”)
10.1. Important Superlatives in India (“Largest/Longest/Highest/Biggest/Smallest”)

No. Largest/Longest/Highest/ Biggest/ Results

Smallest
1 The longest Bridge Above Water Dhola Sadiya Bridge, Assam (9.15 km.)
2 The largest animal Fair Sonepur (Bihar)
3 The largest Auditorium Sri Shanmukhananda Hall (Mumbai)
4 The largest Lake(Freshwater) Wular Lake (J & K)
5 The largest Lake(Saltwater) Chilka Lake(Odisha)
6 The highest Dam Tehri dam
7 The largest Desert Thar (Rajasthan)
8 The largest cave Temple Kailash Nath Temple (Ellora, Maharashtra)
9 The largest Zoo Arignar Anna Zoological Park- Vandalur Zoo (1300 Acres)
10 The highest peak Kangchenjunga (8586m)
11 The longest Tunnel Chennai- Nasri tunnel (Udhampur district of J&K)
12 The largest Delta Sundarbans (W. Bengal)
13 The State with maximum forest area Madhya Pradesh
14 The longest Corridor Corridor of Ramanathaswamy Temple of Rameswaram (Tamil Nadu)
15 The highest Waterfall Jog Water Falls (Karnataka)
16 The longest Road Grand Trunk Road (Kolkatta to Delhi)
17 The highest Gateway Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri (U.P)
18 The longest River The Ganges (2640 km. long)
19 The largest museum Imperial museum or Indian Museum, Kolkatta
20 The largest Dome Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur (in Karnataka)
21 The Tallest Statue Statue of Unity, Narmada District of Gujarat (182m)
22 The largest Public sector Bank State Bank of India
23 The Biggest Cantilever Bridge Rabindra Setu or Howrah Bridge (Kolkatta)
24 The longest Canal Indira Gandhi Canal or Rajasthan Canal (Rajasthan)
25 The longest Railway platform Shri Siddharoodha Swami Station ,Hubali, Karnataka
26 Highest Railway Station Ghum, West Bengal
27 Longest Electric Railway Line From Delhi to Kolkata via Patna
28 The Biggest Stadium Buddh International Circuit (Auto Racing), Yuva Bharti (Salt Lake) Stadium
Kolkatta (football)
29 The most popular city Mumbai (Maharashtra)
30 The Longest Passenger Train Route Dibrugarh to Kanyakumari
31 The Oldest Church St. Thomas Church at palayer, Thrissur (Kerela)
32 The longest National Highway N.H-44 (Srinagar to Kanyakumari)
33 The State with the longest Coast Line Gujarat
34 The Highest Lake Cholamu lake (north Sikim)
35 The largest Saline water Lake Sambhar lake, Rajasthan
36 The largest freshwater lake wular Lake
37 Largest Cave Amarnath(J & K)
38 The longest river in Southern India Godavari
39 The longest Dam Hirakud Dam (Orissa)
40 The highest Gallantry Award Ashok Chakra(Peacetime), Param Veer Chakra(Wartime)
41 The highest Award Bharat Ratna
42 The biggest Church Saint Cathedral at old Goa (goa)
43 The Southern Indian State with the Andhra Pradesh
Longest Coastal line
44 The Longest Sea Beach Marina Beach (Chennai)
45 The Highest Road Road at Khardungla, (in Leh –Manali Sector)
46 The largest artificial Lake Govind Sagar (BhakhraNangal)
47 The deepest River Valley Bhagirathi and Alaknanda
48 The largest River without Delta Narmada and Tapi
49 The biggest river Island Majuli Brahmputra river (Assam)
50 The largest Planetarium Birla Planetarium
51 The Highest Airport Leh Airport (Ladakh)
52 The largest state in the area Rajasthan (3,42,239 sq.km)
53 The smallest state in an area Goa (3,702sq.km)
54 Largest Cave Amarnath (J&K)
55 Longest Beach Marina Beach, Chennai

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 Static GK-2: MISCELLANEOUS - Books and Authors
No. Largest/Longest/Highest/ Biggest/ Results
Smallest
56 Largest Populated City Mumbai
57 Biggest Fort Red Fort, Delhi
58 First Complete Banking District Palakkad, Kerala
59 First IT District Palakkad, Kerala
60 Highest Airport Kushok Bakula Rimpochhe Airport, Leh airport in Ladakh
61 Largest Library National Library, Kolkatta
62 Largest Plateau Deccan Plateau
63 Highest Tower Qutab Minar at Delhi (88.4 meters high)
64 Largest District Kutch district
65 Largest Port Jawahar Lal Nehru Port, Mumbai
66 Highest Rainfall Cherrapunji (426 inches per annum) or Mawsynram
67 Biggest Mosque Jama Masjid at Delhi
68 Highest Battle Field Siachin Glacier

10.2. Books and Authors

List of Important Books Released in 2022 & 2023

Book Name Author Name
Modi@20: Dreams Meet Delivery S. Jaishankar
Winning the Inner Battle Bringing the best version of you to cricket Shane Watson
Forks in the Road : My Days at RBI and Beyond C Rangarajan
Brave Hearts of Bharat, Vignettes from Indian History Vikram Sampath
Coaching Beyond : My Days with the Indian Cricket Team Kaushik and R Sridhar
Come ! Let’s Run Ma. Subramanian
Roller Coaster: An Affair with Banking Tamal Bandhopadhyay
Mukhyamantri Diary 1 Hemant Biswa Sharma
Human Anatomy Dr. Ashvini Kumar Dwivedi
Ambedkar: A Life Shashi Tharoor
Victory City Salman Rushdie
Modi: Shaping a Global order in flux J.P. Nadda
Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay : Dispersions of Thought R N Ravi
Mundaka Upanishad – The Bridge of immortality Jagdeep Dhankar
Pagalkhana Dr. Gyan Chaturvedi
pyre Perumal Murugan
Bipin : The Man Behind the Uniform Rachna Biswat Rawat
Why can’t Elepant’s be Red Vani Tripathi Tikoo
War and Women Dr MA Hasan
Gandhi’s Assassin: The Making of Nathuram Godse and His Idea of India Dhirendra K. Jha
Mamata: Beyond 2021 Jayanta Ghosal
Ratan N. Tata: The Authorized Biography Dr. Thomas Matthew
Indomitable: A Working Woman’s Notes on Life, Work, and Leadership Arundhati Bhattacharya
Bose: The untold story of an inconvenient nationalist Chandrachur Ghose
The Legend of Birsa Munda Tuhin A Sinha and Ankita Verma
India’s Women Unsung Heroes Meenakshi Lekhi
A Little Book of India: Celebrating 75 Years of Independence Ruskin Bond
The $10 Trillion Dream Subhash Chandra Garg
How to prevent the next Pandemic Bill Gates
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Sagarika Ghosh
Fearless Governance Dr. Kiran Bedi
The little Book of Joy Dalai Lama & Desmond Tutu
Lal Salam Smriti Irani

List of Important Books Released in 2021

Book Name Authors Name
All You Need is Josh: Stories of Courage and Conviction in 21st Supriya Paul
century India
Languages of Truth: Essays 2003-2020 Salman Rushdie
All Roads Lead North: Nepal’s Turn To China Amish Raj Mulmi

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 Static GK-2: MISCELLANEOUS - Books and Authors
Book Name Authors Name
1232km: The Long Journey Home Vinod Kapri
Skill It, Kill It Ronnie Screwvala
Home in the World Amartya Sen
Believe-What Life and Cricket Taught Me Suresh Raina
The Nutmeg’s Curse: Parables for a Planet in Crisis Amitav Ghosh
Monk in a Merc Ashok Pangariya
The 7 Sins of Being a Mother Tahira Kashyap Khurrana
Habba Khatoon Kajal Suri
What is Consciousness? Dr. Vipin Gupta
What is Para Consciousness? Dr. Vipin Gupta
Will Will Smith and Mark Manson
My Joys and Sorrows- as a Mother of a Special Child Krishna Saksena
It’s a Wonderful Life Ruskin Bond
Fiercely Female: The Dutee Chand Story Sundeep Mishra
Kashmiri Century: Portrait of a Society in Flux Khemlata Wakhlu
Policymaker’s Journal: From New Delhi to Washington DC Kaushik Basu
Climate Change Explained—For One and All Aakash Ranison
The Bench Meghan Markle
The elephant in the Womb Kalki Koechlin
Life in the Clock Tower Valley Shakoor Rather
1971: The Beginning of India’s Cricketing Greatness Borai Majumdar and Gautam Bhattacharya
All-Time Favorites for Children Ruskin Bond
Sikkim: A History of Intrigue and Alliance Preet Mohan Singh Malik
Buddha in Gandhara Sunita Dwivedi
Nehru, Tibet, and China Avtar Singh Bhasin
India and Asian Geopolitics: The Past, Present Shivshankar Menon
Sach Kahun Toh Neena Gupta
Stargazing: The Players in my Life Ravi Shastri
Savarkar: A Contested Legacy (1924-1966) Vikram Sampath
Names of the Women Jeet Thayil
Suparipalana Dr Shailendra Joshi
Agriculture in India: Contemporary Challenges- in the context of Dr. Mohan Kanda
doubling farmers' income
Cinema Through Rasa: A Tryst with Masterpieces in the Light of Prachand Praveer
Rasa Siddhanta
Wisdom for Start-ups from Grownups: Discovering Corporate R Gopalakrishnan and R Narayanan
Ayurveda
Manohar Parrikar: Brilliant Mind, Simple Life Nitin Gokhale
Neelimarani- My Mother, My Hero Dr. Achyuta Samanta
Odisha Itihaas Utkal Keshari Harekrushna Mahtab
Akhtari: The Life and Music of Begum Akhtar Yatindra Mishra
India’s Power Elite: Class, Caste and a Cultural revolution Sanjay Baru
The Christmas Pig JK Rowling
Wanderers, Kings, Merchants: The Story of India through its Peggy Mohan
Languages
The Living Mountain: A Fable for Our Times Amitav Ghosh
Advantage India: The Story of Indian Tennis Anindya Dutta
The Mystery of the Parsee Lawyer: Arthur Conan Doyle, George Shrabani Basu
Edalji and the case of the foreigner in the English Village
Joe Biden: American Dreamer Evan Osnos
Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Power: 5 Battlegrounds Rajiv Malhotra
Dynasty to Democracy: The Untold Story of Smriti Irani’s Anant Vijay
Triumph
The Green Queens of India- A Nation’s Pride Prakash Javadekar
Karunanidhi: A Life AS Pannerselvan
Baanjh: Incomplete Lives of Complete Women Susmita Mukherjee
Hunchprose Ranjit Hoskote
Prince with a Paintbrush: The Story of Raja Ravi Varma Shobha Tharoor Srinivasan
My Life in Full: Work, Family and Our Future Indra Nooyi

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 Static GK-2: MISCELLANEOUS - Books and Authors
Book Name Authors Name
Undertow Jahnavi Barua
Battle Ready for 21st Century Lt Gen AK Singh and Brig. Narendra Kumar
India’s Power Elite: Caste, Class, and Cultural Revolution Sanjaya Baru
The Pain-Free Mindset: 7 Steps to Taking Control and Dr. Deepak Ravindran
Overcoming Chronic Pain
Saving Us: A Climate Scientist’s Case for Hope and Healing in a Katharine Hayhoe
Dividend World
Bringing Governments and People Closer Dr. M Ramachandran
My Experiments with Silence Samir Soni
Escaped: True Stories of Indian Fugitives in London Danish Khan and Ruhi Khan
Names of the Women Jeet Thayil
Indians: A Brief History of a Civilization Namit Arora
From Incremental to Exponential Vivek Wadhwa, Ismail Amla and Alex Salkever
Wild and Wilful: Tale of 15 Iconic Indian Species Neha Sinha
Name Place Animal Things Daribha Lyndem
Yearbook Seth Rogen
Yes Man: The Untold Story of Rana Kapoor Pavan C. Lall
The Little Book of Encouragement Dalai Lama
Whereabouts Jhumpa Lahiri
1857- The Sword of Mastann Vineet Bajpai
Parliamentary Messenger in Rajasthan Dr. K N Bhandari
Beautiful Things’ A Memoir Hunter Biden (Son of US President Joe Biden)
Platform Scale: For A Post-Pandemic World Sangeet Paul Choudary
By Many a Happy Accident: Recollections of a Life Former Vice President Mohammad Hamid Ansari
The Terrible, Horrible, Very Bad Good News Meghna Pant
Turn Around India: 2020- Surmounting Past Legacy RP Gupta
Unfinished Priyanka Chopra Jonas
Kamala’s Way: An American Life Dan Morain
Mapping Love Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari
Tipane Kashmirchi (Notes on Kashmir), Untold Stories Arun Karmarkar
ASOCA: A Sutra Irwin Allan Sealy
Sarasvati’s Gift Kavita Kane
The Epic Battle of Longewala Air Marshal Retd Bharat Kumar
Indian Economy’s Greatest Crisis: impact of Coronavirus and Arun Kumar
the Raod Ahead
Louiz Banks: A Symphony of Love Ashis Ghatak
Maverick Messiah: A Political Biography of N T Rama Rao Ramesh Kandula
Agriculture Acts 2020 Justice A K Rajan
They Found What/They Made What? Shweta Taneja
Dr. Darlie O Koshy ‘Runway to Skilled India
Leadership Lessons from 22 Yards Srikanth Ram
Because India Comes First Ram Madhav
Stories I Must Tell: The Journey of an Actor Kabir Bedi
The Lost Soul Olga Tokarczuk
#METOO Karan Puri
The Last Light of Glory Days: Stories from Nagaland Dr. Avinuo Kire
India: A Scamstar Born Every Minute Snigdha Poonam
Sabarimala Vijnaanakosham KS Vijayanath
Vahana Masterclass Alfredo Coveli
Right Under Our Nose R. Giridharan
India’s 71-Year Test: The Journey to Triumph in Australia R. Kaushik
Making of a General-A Himalayan Echo Lt. Gen. Konsam Himalay Singh
Gazing Eastwards: Of Buddhist Monks and Revolutionaries in Romila Thapar
China, 1957
Unscripted: Conversations on Life and Cinema Vidhu Vinod Chopra and Abhijat Joshi
The Commonwealth of Cricket Ramachandra Guha
Manohar Parrikar-Off the Record Waman Subha Prabhu
Abdul Kalam- Ninaivugalukku Maranamillai Dr APJM Nazema Maraikayar and Dr Y S Rajan
Flying Blind: India’s Quest for Global Leadership Mohamed Zeeshan

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 Static GK-2: MISCELLANEOUS - List of Autobiographies of Famous Personalities
Book Name Authors Name
India 2030: The Rise of a Rajasic Nation Gautam Chikermane
The Law of Emergency Powers: Comparative Common Law Dr. Abhishek Singhvi and Prof. Khagesh Gautam
Perspectives
Soumitra Chatterjee: A Life in Cinema, Theatre, Poetry, and Arun Sengupta and Partha Mukherjee
Painting
Race With Me! Andre De Grasse and Robert Budd
After Lives, Gravel Heart and Paradise Abdulrazak Gurnah
Transformation in Times of Crisis Nitin Rakesh and Jerry Wind
The Startup Wife Tahmima Anam`
Policymaker’s Journal: From New Delhi to Washington, DC Kaushik Basu
Nathuram Godse: The True Story of Gandhi’s Assassin Dhaval Kulkarni
Lady Doctors: The Untold Stories of India’s First Women in Kavitha Rao
Medicine
India To The Rescue Sushant Singh
Operation Khukri Rajpal Punia
Pregnancy Bible Kareena Kapoor
The Ramayan of Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Baljit Kaur Tulsi
The Struggle Within A Memoir of the Emergency Ashok Chakravarti
The Long Game: How the Chinese Negotiate with India Vijay Gokhale
RSS: Building India Through SEWA Sudhanshu Mittal
The India Story Bimal Jalan
Renegades: Born in the USA Barack Obama & Bruce Springsteen
An Ordinary Life: Portrait of an Indian Generation Ashok Lavasa
Why We Kneel, How We Rise Michael Holding
China Room Sunjeev Sahota
Mission Domination: An Unfinished Quest Boria Majumdar & Kushan Sarkar
Know Your Rights and Claim Them: A Guide for Youth Angelina Jolie
Back To The Roots Luke Coutinho & Tamannaah Bhatia
Human Rights and Terrorism in India Subramanian Swamy
INDIA vs the UK – the story of an unprecedented diplomatic Syed Akbaruddin
win
The Nutmeg’s Curse: Parables for a Planet in Crisis Amitav Ghosh
The Stars in My Sky Divya Dutta
Actually…I Met Them: A Memoir Gulzar
The Promise Damon Galgut
Pride, Prejudice, and Punditry Shashi Tharoor
Sunrise over Ayodhya Salman Khurshid
400 Days Chetan Bhagat
A biography of Dadabhai Naoroji Dinyar Patel
Yogi Adityanath: Religion, Politics, and Power: The untold story Sharad Pradhan and Atul Chandra
The Monk Who Transformed Uttar Pradesh: How Yogi Shantanu Gupta
Aditynath Changed UP Waala Bhaiya abuse to a Badge of
Honour
Things to leave behind Namita Gokhale
Delhi: A Soliloquy M Mukundan

10.3. List of Autobiographies of Famous Personalities

No Name of the book Author No Name of the book Author
1 An Autobiography (Toward Jawaharlal Nehru 11 My Times: An Autobiography J. B. Kripalani
Freedom) 12 One Life is Not Enough Natwar Singh
2 A Shot at History Abhinav Bindra 13 Straight From the Heart Kapil Dev
3 Wings Of Fire A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 14 The Story of My Experiments Mahatma Gandhi
4 India Wins Freedom Abul Kalam Azad with Truth
5 The Race of My Life Milkha Singh 15 Wandering in Many Worlds V. R. Krishna Iyer
6 The Test of My Life Yuvraj Singh 16 The Autobiography of an Nirad C. Chaudhuri
7 Playing It My Way Sachin Tendulkar Unknown Indian
8 ACE Against Odds Sania Mirza 17 Matters of discretion Inder Kumar Gujral
9 The Tunnel of Time R. K. Laxman 18 Truth, Love& a Little Malice Khushwant Singh
10 My Country My Life Lal Krishna Advani 19 Becoming Michelle Obama

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 Static GK-2: MISCELLANEOUS - Nicknames of Famous Personalities From India And The World
No Name of the book Author No Name of the book Author
20 Lessons Life taught me, Anupam Kher 33 Mind Master Viswanathan Anand
unknowingly 34 Sunny Days: An Sunil Gavaskar
21 Dreams from my father Barack Obama Autobiography
22 Daughter of Destiny Benazir Bhutto 35 Moonwalk Michael Jackson
23 Margaret Thatcher: The Margaret Thatcher 36 The Greatest: My Own Story Muhammad Ali
Autobiography 37 Faster than Lightning: My Usain Bolt
24 Along Walk To Freedom Nelson Mandela Autobiography
25 My Life Bill Clinton 38 The Man Who Made The Dr Verghese Kurien
26 Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler Elephant Dance
27 Freedom In Exile Dalai Lama 39 Majya Jalmachi Chittarkatha Shantabai Kamble
28 I‘am Malala Malala Yousafzai 40 How I Became a Hindu Sita Ram Goel
29 Unbreakable Mary Kom 41 En Sarithiram U. V. Swaminathan
30 Playing to win Saina Nehwal Iyer
31 Undisputed Truth Mike Tyson 42 Autobiography of a Yogi Paramahansa
32 Golden Girl P.T. Usha Yogananda

10.4. Nicknames of Famous Personalities From India And The World

No Name of the Person Nicknames

1 Subhash Chandra Bose Netaji, Patriot of Patriots
2 Vallabhbhai Patel Iron Man of India, Indian Bismarck, Sardar
3 Mahatma Gandhi Father of the Nation, Bapu, Mahatma
4 Dadabhai Naoroji Grand Old man of India
5 Raja Ram Mohan Roy Morning Star of India Renaissance
6 Dayanand Saraswati Martin Luther of India
7 Mother Teresa Mother
8 Valmiki Adi Kavi
9 Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Frontier Gandhi, Badshah Khan
10 Nagarjuna Indian Einstein
11 Lal Bahadur Shastri Man of Peace
12 Jawaharlal Nehru Chacha, Pandit ji
13 Salim Ali Bird man of India
14 Dr. Rajendra Prasad Desh Ratna, Ajatshatru
15 Sarojini Naidu Nightingale of India
16 Lala Lajpat Rai Punjab Kesari
17 Bal Gangadhar Tilak Lokmanya
18 Bhagat Singh Prince of Martyrs
19 Hiuen Tsang Prince of Pilgrims
20 Rabindranath Tagore Vishwa Kavi, Kaviguru, Gurudev
21 Sankaracharya Sage of Kanchi
22 Chanakya Machiavelli of India
23 Dhyanchand Magician of Hockey
24 PT Usha Udanpari, Payyoli Express
25 Lata Mangeshkar Swar Kokila
26 Chandra Shekhar Young Turk
27 Kapil Dev Haryana Hurricane
28 Saurav Ganguly Prince of Kolkata
29 Sachin Tendulkar Master Blaster
30 Milkha Singh Flying Sikh
31 T Prakasam Andhra Kesari
32 Ashutosh Mukherji Bengal Kesari
32 Dr. Srikrishna Singh Bihar Kesari
33 Jainul Abdin Akbar of Kashmir
34 Shahjahan Prince of Builders
35 Sheikh Mujibut Rahman Banga bandhu
36 Dr. Anugrah Narayan Singh Bihar Vibhuti
37 C.Rajagopalachari Mango of Krishnagiri, Rajaji
38 CF Andrews Deen bandhu
39 Chitta Ranjan Das Desh bandhu

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 Static GK-2: MISCELLANEOUS - Official Books/Documents of Major Countries
No Name of the Person Nicknames
40 Yatindra Mohan Sengupta Deshpriya
41 Lord Rippon Father of the Local Self-Government
42 Tushar Kanti Ghosh Grand old man of Indian Journalism
43 MS Golvalkar Guruji
44 Jayaprakash Narayan Loknayak
45 Madan Mohan Malaviya Mahamanya, Prince of Beggars
46 Tipu Sultan Mysore Tiger
47 Samudra Gupta Napoleon of India
48 Amir Khushro Parrot of India
49 Muhammad bin Tughlaq Prince of Money Makers
50 Mahakavi Kalidas Shakespeare of India
51 Lord Buddha Enlightened One
52 Ho Chi Minh Uncle Ho
53 William Shakespeare Bard of Avon
54 Florence Nightingale Lady with the lamp
55 Queen Elizabeth I Maiden Queen
56 Adolf Hitler Fuehrer
57 Edmund Spencer Poet‘s Poet
58 Geoffery Chaucer Father of English Poetry
59 Chengiz Khan Scourage of God
60 Gen Ervin Rommel Desert Fox
61 Pazhassi Raja Lion of Kerala/ Kerala Simham
62 Jyotirao Phule Mahatma Phule
63 B. R. Ambedkar Baba Saheb
64 Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Lal, Bal, Pal
Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal

10.5. Official Books/Documents of Major Countries

1. Blue Book: An official report of the British Government.
2. Green Book: Official Report or Publications of Italy and Iran (Persia)
3. Orange Book: Official publication of the Government of Netherlands
4. Yellow Book: Official Report or Publications of the Government of France.
5. Grey Book: Official reports of the Government of Japan and Belgium.
6. White Book: Official Report or publications of China, Germany and Portugal.
7. White Paper: Official Paper of the Government of Britain and India on a particular issue.
8. Joint paper: Joint report or publications of two or more Governments

10.6. Important Awards and Their Fields

Award Field
Nobel Prize • Achievements in the field of Physics, Chemistry, Peace, Economics,
• Medicine and Literature
Magsaysay Award • Outstanding contributions to Public service, Community Leadership,
• Journalism, Literature and Creative Arts and International Understanding
Oscar Awards • Film Industry
Bharat Ratna • Arts, Literature, Science and Public Service but the Government expanded the criteria to
include ― any field of human endeavor‖
• It is the highest civilian award of India. Instituted in 1954
• The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna was C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan,
and C. V. Raman
• The number of Bharat Ratna is restricted to a maximum of three nominees being awarded
per year
Padma Awards • Padma Vibhushan
• The Padma Vibhushan is the second-highest civilian award of India, second only to the
Bharat Ratna. Instituted in 1954
•
• Padma Bhushan
• The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award of India, proceeded by the Bharat
Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan and followed by the Padma Shri. Instituted in 1954

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 Static GK-2: MISCELLANEOUS -
Award Field
• Padma Shri
• Padma Shri is the fourth highest civilian award in the Republic of India
Gallantry Awards: Paramvir chakra • India‘s highest award for bravery Second highest gallantry award Highest peace-time
Mahavir Chakra Ashok Chakra gallantry award Third highest gallantry award
Vir Chakra Shaurya chakra • For Bravery and gallant
Booker Prize • Literature
Moorti Devi Award • Literature
Jnanpith Award • Literature
Saraswati Samman • Literature
Arjuna Award • The Arjuna Awards are given by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of
India to recognize outstanding achievement in sports. Instituted in 1961
Bihari Puraskar • Literature
Dadasaheb Phalke Award • Cinema
Dronacharya Award • This award is given to coaches and sports teachers for producing great skilled teams and
individual players in various sports
• Dronacharya awards were initiated in 1985
Dhyan Chand Award • Lifetime achievement in Sports and games
Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna • The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna is the highest honour bestowed to a sportsperson for
Award (Formerly known as Rajiv his/her achievements in India
Gandhi Khel Ratna Award) • The first recipient of the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award is Viswanathan Anand
Aga Khan Award • Architecture
Pritzker Prize • Architecture
Kalinga Prize • Science
Shanti SwarupBhatnagar Prize • Science & Technology
Abel Prize • Mathematics
Grammy Award • Music
Green star Awards • Extraordinary efforts to respond to environmental disasters around the
• world
International Gandhi Peace Prize • Social, Economic and Political revolution through non- violence and
• Gandhian Philosophy
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award • Public Administration, Management and Academics.
Pulitzer Prize • Achievements in newspaper and online journalism, Literature, and
• musical composition in the United states.
Sahitya Akademi Award • Books in Indian Languages and English
Manthan Award • e- Content and Creativity
FiFi Awards • Fragrance Industry‘s creative achievements
Sangeet- Natak Akademi Award • Music, Drama and Dance
Booker Prize • Awarded for Best original novel in the English Language
Vyas Samman • Hindi Literature
UNESCO peace prize • Contributions for International Peace
Right Livelihood Award • Environment and social Justice
UNESCO Human Rights Awards • Human Rights awareness
World Food Prize • Agriculture and Food Development
Stirling Prize • Architecture
Tansen Award • Music
Dhanvantri Award • Medical Sciences
Bowelay Award • Agriculture
Merlin • Magic
Juliet Curie Award • Peace
Kalidas Samman • Classical Music and Dance
BAFTA Awards • Television, Films, Video Games and Animation.

10.7. Indian Martial Arts Martial Arts Originated from

Cheibi Gadga Manipur
Martial Arts Originated from Gatka Punjab
Kalaripayattu Kerala Lathi Punjab & Bengal
Silambam Tamil Nadu Musti Yuddha Varanasi
Thoda Himachal Pradesh Pari-Khanda Bihar
Thang-ta and Sarit Sarak Manipur Kathi Samu Andhra Pradesh

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 Static GK-2: MISCELLANEOUS - Ancient India Literary Works and Authors
Martial Arts Originated from No Authors Literary works
Karra Samu Andhra Pradesh 8 Panini Ashtadhyayi
Mukna Manipur 9 Ved Vyas Mahabharata
Inbuan Wrestling Mizoram 10 Valmiki Ramayana
Mardani Khel Kolhapur, Maharashtra 11 Sri Harsha Nagananda Ratnavali
12 Vishnu Sharma Panchatantra
13 Aryabhata Aryabhatiya
10.8. Ancient India Literary Works and Authors 14 Kalhana Rajtarangini
15 Somdeva Kathasaritsagara
No Authors Literary works 16 Ashvaghosha Buddhacharita
1 Kalidas Abhijan Shakuntalam 17 Bharata Muni Natyashastra
Vikramorvashi 18 Kamandaka Nitisara
Malvikaganimithram The epic 19 Varahamihira Brihat Samhita Panchasiddhantika
poems Raghuvamsha 20 Megasthenes Indica
Kumarasambhava Meghaduta 21 Patanjli Mahabhasya
Ritusambara 22 Jayadev Gita Govinda
2 Vishakhdutta Mudrarakṣhasa 23 Virsena Navratna
3 Shudraka Mrichchhakatika 24 Amara simha Amara kosh
4 Bhasa Svapnavasavadattam 25 Tolkappiyar Tolkappiyam
5 Chanakya Arthashastra 26 Thulasi das Ramcharitmanas
(Kautilya) 27 Chithalai Manimekalai
6 Vatsyayana Kamasutra Chathanar
7 Banabhatta Harshacharita Kadambari 28 Ilango Adigal Silapathikaram

10.9. Modern Indian Literature

• English is a foreign language but since the British came to India the language has had a major impact onseveral fields—in
education, literary effort and as a medium of communication.
• Kashiprasad Ghosh is considered the First Indian poet worked in English
• Savitri: A Legend and a Symbol is an epic poem by Sri Aurobindo Ghose
• Major literary works and authors

No Authors Literary works

1 Dadabhai Naoroji • Poverty and Un-British Rule in India
• Poverty of India
2 Sri Aurobindo Ghose • The Life Divine.
• Savitri – A Legend and a Symbol.
• The Synthesis of Yoga.
• Powers Within
3 Rabindranath Tagore • Gitanjali
• Gora (Novel)
4 Mohandas Karamchand • My Experiments with the Truth
Gandhi • Hind Swaraj
5 Sarojini Naidu • The Golden Threshold
• The Bird of Time
• The Broken Wing
6 Jawaharlal Nehru • The Discovery of India
• Glimpses of World History
7 Mulk Raj Anand • Untouchable
• Coolie
• Two Leaves and a Bud
• The Village
• Across the Black Waters
• The Sword and the Sickle
• The Big Heart
• Seven Summers
• Private Life of an Indian Prince
8 R.K. Narayan • Malgudi Days
• Swami and Friends
• The Guide
• The Dark Room

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 Static GK-2: MISCELLANEOUS -
No Authors Literary works
• Waiting for the Mahatma
9 Raja Rao • The Cat and Shakespeare
• The Serpent and the Rope
• Kanthapura
10 Kamala Markandaya • Nectar in a Sieve
• Some Inner Fury
• A Silence of Desire
• Two Virgins
• A Handful of Rice
• Pleasure City
11 Manohar Malgaonkar • Distant Drum
• A Combat of Shadows
• The Princes
• A Bend in the Ganges
• The Devil‘s Wind
• Spy in Amber
12 Anita Desai • Clear Light of Day
• The Accompanist
• Fire on the Mountain
• Games at Twilight
• The village by the sea
• In Custody
• cry the peacock
13 Nayantara Sehgal • Rich Like Us
• A time to be happy
14 Khushwant Singh • 1. Train to Pakistan
15 Bhabani Bhattacharya • So Many Hungers
• He Who Rides Tiger
• Music for Mohini
• shadow from Ladakh
16 Arundhati Roy • The God of Small Things
• The Ministry of Utmost Happiness
17 Salman Rushdie • Grimus
• Midnight‘s Children
• Shame
• The Satanic Verses
• Haroun and the Sea of Stories
• The Moor‘s Last Sigh
• The Ground Beneath Her Feet
• Shalimar the Clown
• The Enchantress of Florence
• Luka and the Fire of Life
• Two Years Eight Months and Twenty- Eight Nights.
• The Jaguar Smile
18 Vikram Seth • A Suitable Boy
• An Equal Music
• The Golden Gate
• A Suitable Girl
• The Humble Administrator's Garden
• Two Lives
19 Subhas Chandra Bose • 1. The Indian Struggle
20 Lala Lajpat Rai • 1. Unhappy India
21 B. R. Ambedkar • What Congress and Gandhi have done to
• the untouchables
22 Ram Mohan Roy • 1. The Precepts of Jesus
23 Rohinton Mistry • 1. A Fine Balance
24 Suketu Mehta • 1. Maximum City
25 Nirad C. Chaudhuri • The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian
• The Continent of Circe
• To Live or not to Live

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 Static GK-2: MISCELLANEOUS - State & Cuisine
No Authors Literary works
26 Sunetra Gupta • 1. The Glassblower‘s Breath

10.10. State & Cuisine

State and Cuisine :-
According to ‘Taste Atlas’ India is ranked 5 th on the global list of the best cuisines for 2022.Itali is ranked 1 st in this list.

State Cuisine
Assam Khaar
Andhra Pradesh Gutti Vankya kura, Pulihora,Pootharekulu,Pulihora
Bihar Litti Chokha
Goa Balchao and Sorpotel, Feni
Gujarat Dhokla,Khaman,Muthia,Thepla Khandvi
Haryana Bajra Khichadi
Himachal Pradesh Dhaam
Karnataka Bisi Bele Bath
Kerala Sadya
Jammu And Kashmir Kahwa chai, Yakhni
Madhya Pradesh Daal Baafla, Bhutte ki kees
Maharashtra Pav Bhaji, Vada pav, Puran Poli and Misal Pav
Manipur Singhju, Paaknam, Alu Kangmet , Nga-Chogba, Eromba, Chak-
hao-kheer
Meghalaya Jadoh
Odisha Pakhla Bhata, Chenna Poda, Kora Kha
Punjab Sarso ki saag and makke di Roti
Rajasthan Daal Baati Churma
Tamil Nadu Chola Nadu, Uttapam,Dosa ,idli
Tripura Muya Borok , Chakhwi, Muya awandru,
Uttrakhand Kafuli
West Bengal Aloo Posto

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