L2 - ABFA1173 POA (Lecturer)
L2 - ABFA1173 POA (Lecturer)
The 7 Books
Source Documents of Prime Entry The 3 Ledgers
Invoice
Cheque counterfoil
ABFA1173 Principles of Accounting 2
1. Types of business transactions Below are descriptions of the different types of customers:
i) Trade customers: Customers to whom the business sells trading
Business transactions can be classified into two types, i.e. either cash items, i.e. trade sales
term or credit term: ii) Other customers: Customers to whom the business disposes non-
i) Cash term: Payment is made/collected immediately (upon trade items
purchase/sale) iii) Trade receivables: Trade customers who are allowed to delay
ii) Credit term: Payment is made/collected at a future date, based on payment until the end of the credit term
the credit period given, normally 30 days, 60 days, or 90 days. iv) Other receivables: Other customers who are allowed to delay
payment until the end of the credit term
Business transactions involve the following different types of
purchasing and selling activities: 3. Source documents
i) Trade purchases: Purchases of items for the purpose of trading, i.e.
items to be subsequently sold to customers at a profit All business transactions must be evidenced by a source document, e.g.
ii) Other purchases: Purchases of items not for the purpose of items cannot change hands without an invoice being first generated to
trading, e.g. purchase of office equipment and stationeries for use in record the details of the transaction.
the office
iii) Trade sales: Sales of trading items The following are the relevant source documents in the cash cycle:
iv) Disposals: Non-trade items being sold e.g. old motor vehicle Source Explanation
disposed at a scrap value document
Invoice To inform customer the amount to be paid, amount of
2. Parties to business transactions discount given, whether cash term or credit term and
interest charges for late payment.
There are always two parties to every business transaction, i.e. the
supplier and the customer. Cash bill This is the same as an Invoice, but is used only when
the transaction is on cash terms (by cash or by
Below are descriptions of the different types of suppliers: cheque) customer only.
i) Trade suppliers: Suppliers from whom the business purchases
items for the purpose of trading, i.e. trade purchases Payment To record the payment by cash or cheque.
ii) Other suppliers: Suppliers from whom the business purchases non- voucher
trade items, i.e. other purchases
iii) Trade payables: Trade suppliers who allow the business to delay Official receipt To acknowledge money has been collected.
payment until the end of the credit term
iv) Other payables: Other suppliers who allow the business to delay Cheque To record the amount paid on a particular numbered
payment until the end of the credit term counterfoil cheque (the counterfoil is the portion left after tearing
out the particular cheque).
ABFA1173 Principles of Accounting 3
Cash is money that belongs to the business, therefore, it is a current Discounts are deductions allowed by the supplier to the customer. There
asset. There are three types of cash in the business, i.e. cash, bank and are two types of discounts:
petty cash (as illustrated below): i) Trade discount: percentage reduction granted to a customer from
the list price due to the purchase of a large quantity. Refer Lecture 4
Cash(Current asset)Cash bookPetty cash bookCash accountBank – Note 2.
accountPetty cash account(kept in the office(current account)(small ii) Cash discount: a percentage reduction granted to the customer in
amount keptby main Cashier)by Petty Cashier) order to encourage paying (earlier than the credit period given)
within a specified period.
Discount allowed: cash discount given to trade receivables and it represents Cash Book
an expense (loss) because we receive a lesser amount. Date Particular Folio Discount Cash Bank Date Particular Folio Discount Cash Bank
Allowed Received
Jan RM RM RM Jan RM RM RM
Example: Credit sales to Encik Ali RM800. Received cheque to settle 3 Bank √ 500 3 Cash √ 500
the full amount with a 5% discount when received within 15 days. 8 Cash √ 600 8 Bank √ 600
Dr (RM) Cr (RM)
Dr Bank 760 8. Capital contribution
Dr Discount allowed 40
Cr Trade receivables: Encik Ali 800 The business owner contributes capital into the business. The capital
Payment received from Encik Ali with 5% cash discount within 15 days contribution is either in the form of cash or cheque. A ledger account is
opened in the General Ledger for capital.
Cash Book
Date Particular Folio Discount Cash Bank Date Particular Folio Discount Cash Bank Example: Encik Kamal paid a cheque of RM150,000 as capital into the
Allowed Received business.
RM RM RM RM RM RM
TR:En Ali 40 760 Dr (RM) Cr (RM)
Dr Bank 150,000
Cr Capital 150,000
Capital contributed by the business owner
7. Contra entries
Jan 3: Withdraw RM500 from bank as cash for office use. The business owner may withdraw cash or cheque from the business for
Dr (RM) Cr (RM) personal use. This is called drawings. A ledger account is opened in the
Dr Cash 500 General Ledger for drawings.
Cr Bank 500
Transfer from bank to cash for office use Example: Encik Kamal issues a cheque of RM800 to pay for his
personal life insurance premium.
Jan 8: Deposit cash RM600 into the bank account. Dr (RM) Cr (RM)
Dr (RM) Cr (RM) Dr Drawings 800
Dr Bank 600 Cr Bank 800
Cr Cash 600 Drawings by cheque
Deposit cash into a bank account
ABFA1173 Principles of Accounting 5
Bank overdraft is a special loan that had been approved by the bank
for the business to issue cheques more than the amount deposited into
the current account. The bank overdraft facility will specify the
maximum limit available for the business to use. Bank interest will be
calculated based on the actual amount of bank overdraft balance on a
monthly basis.
ABFA1173 Principles of Accounting 6
Collection cycle
The 7 Books
Source Documents of Prime Entry The 3 Ledgers
4 If cheque is
dishonoured, must
chase customer again
for collection
6 Record on the credit
side of the Cash Book
ABFA1173 Principles of Accounting 7
General Ledger
Sales AccountRMJuneRM2Cash2,500
Disposal of Office Equipment AccountRMJuneRM5Cash150
Other Receivables: Motor Trader
AccountRMJuneRM12Bank5,000
Cash Book
DateParticularFolDisc.CashBankDateParticularFolDisc.CashBankAllwRec’dJuneRMR
MRMJuneRMRMRM2Sales2,50021TR:Elaine7,6005Disposal of Office
Equipment15012OR:Motor Trader5,00019TR: Elaine4007,60021TR: Elaine(400)
Sales Ledger
Trade Receivables: Elaine
AccountJuneRMJuneRM21Bank7,60019Bank7,60021Disc.
Allw40019Disc. Allw400
ABFA1173 Principles of Accounting 8
ABFA1173 Principles of Accounting 9
Payment cycle
Illustration 2: Payment cycle
DateTransactionsJune 3Cash purchases of RM3,8004Purchased
Bank4,0
The 7 Books computer for office use RM4,000 by cheque11Paid a cheque to Ricoh
Source Documents The 3 Ledgers Enterp
of Prime EntryEnterprise as full settlement of an outstanding invoice of RM12,000
month’s pur
for last month’s purchase of photocopier machine for office
Bank
use18Paid a cheque to Jack as full settlement of an outstanding
discount
invoice of RM6,000 and deducting cash discount of 6%30Paid office
The 7 Books
Contra entries & drawings
Source Documents of Prime Entry
4 Sign on payment
voucher to
acknowledge receipt 6 Record in the Cash
Book
Capital contribution
The 7 Books
Source Documents of Prime Entry The 3 Ledgers
Lecture Illustration
Cash Book
Record in a three-column Cash Book for Syarikat Daya Sdn. Bhd. the Date Particular Fol Disc. Cash Bank Date Particular Fol Disc. Cash Bank
following transactions and show the posting at the end of the month to the Allw Rec’d
relevant General Ledger accounts. July RM RM RM July RM RM RM
1 Capital 20,000 2 Bank √ 18,000
July
2 Cash √ 18,000 5 F. deposit 8,000
1 Commence business with cash RM20,000 as capital. 9 Sales 3,600 6 Purchases 2,100
2 Open a current account with MB Bank and deposits RM18,000 cash. 19 Loan 5,000 10 Furniture 2,300
5 Issued a cheque amount RM8,000 to open a fixed deposit account for T. R.:
23 Cahaya 200 3,800 13 Entertainm. 1,000
one year term.
Enterprise
6 Bought goods for cash RM2,100. 25 Bank √ 6,500 17 Gen. Exp. 1,500
9 Cash sales of RM3,600. T. P.: Mimi
20 300 5,700
Trdg.
10 Bought tables and chairs RM2,300 by cheque from Jaya Furniture Co.
21 Drawings 400
13 Withdrew cash RM1,000 for business entertainment. 25 Cash √ 6,500
17 Paid general expenses by cash RM1,500. 26 Office eqm 3,000
19 Loan received from MB Bank RM5,000, deposited into bank account. 27 Utilities 800
20 Daya settled the amount of RM6,000 owing to Mimi Trading by 27 Wages 700
Cheque, deducting cash discount of 5%. 28 Rent 1,200
30 Salary 2,500
21 Withdrew cash RM400 from bank for personal usage.
31 Bal c/d 3,000 200
23 Received a cheque from Cahaya Enterprise for the settlement of debts
200 30,100 26,800 300 30,100 26,800
amounted to RM4,000, deducting cash discount of 5%. Aug
25 Withdrew cash RM6,500 from bank for office use. 1 Bal b/d 3,000 200
26 Cash RM3,000 paid to Speed Computer Sdn. Bhd. for a set of
computer for office used.
27 Paid office utilities RM800 and wages RM700 by cash.
28 Cheque amount of RM1,200 for office rental.
30 Paid salary RM2,500 by cheque.
ABFA1173 Principles of Accounting 15
General Ledger
Learning objectives:
The Petty Cash (Imprest System) After you have studied this chapter, you should be able to:
Explain the use of a petty cash book
Important Textbook Reading: Make entries in a petty cash book
Chapter 14: Andrew Leong & Wong SV “Business Accounting” Transfer the appropriate amounts from the petty cash book to the
Chapter 18: Frank Wood & Alan Sangster “Business Accounting 1” ledgers at the end of each period
Recommended Practice Question: Understand the imprest system for petty cash
Chapter 18: Question no. 18.4 Record transactions in a General Journal
The 7 Books
Source Documents of Prime Entry The Ledgers
11. Introduction The advantages of the imprest system besides being useful control and
monitoring of petty cash payments includes:
Petty cash book is both a book of original entry and a ledger. It is used to
record small cash payment for any immaterial expenses such as taxi fare, (a) The size of the float can be adjusted according to the needs of the
purchase of stationery, postage, donation and etc. Normally the cash float business, depending on the frequency and amount of petty cash
amount not more than RM1000. payments.
12. Source documents (b) The elements of safety and accountability are maintained since the
petty cash is under the responsibility of an appointed Petty Cashier
All business transactions must be evidenced by a source document, e.g. and he or she has to get regular reimbursement from Payment
items cannot change hands without an invoice being first generated to section.
record the details of the transaction.
Format
The following are the relevant source documents in the petty cash cycle: Petty Cash Book
Source Explanation Date Particular Voucher Receipt Payment Analysis
document Number Dr Cr Stationary Postage Travel Sundries
Original bills Cash receipts, taxi slips etc for transactions incurred
General Ledger
Stationery Account
May RM RM
31 Petty Cash 32
Postage Account
May RM RM
31 Petty Cash 52
ABFA1173 Principles of Accounting 19
The 7 Books
Source Documents of Prime Entry The Ledgers
Memorandum
ABFA1173 Principles of Accounting 20
20 Dr Donation 2,500
Cr Disposal of Office Equipment 2,500
Used photostat machine donated