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W4-Guidelines in Writing Introduction

This document provides guidelines for writing the introduction, theoretical framework, and conceptual framework/research paradigm sections of a thesis. The introduction should present the problem, rationale for studying it, and historical background. The theoretical framework cites theories and authors that the study is based on. It establishes relationships between variables. The conceptual framework is the researcher's own model, informed by previous theories, that guides the investigation. It depicts the inputs, process, and outputs of the study in a diagram called a paradigm.

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197 views4 pages

W4-Guidelines in Writing Introduction

This document provides guidelines for writing the introduction, theoretical framework, and conceptual framework/research paradigm sections of a thesis. The introduction should present the problem, rationale for studying it, and historical background. The theoretical framework cites theories and authors that the study is based on. It establishes relationships between variables. The conceptual framework is the researcher's own model, informed by previous theories, that guides the investigation. It depicts the inputs, process, and outputs of the study in a diagram called a paradigm.

Uploaded by

maricar bigalme
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

This brief introductory portion provides the context of the problem. This may be

the justification for conducting for conducting the study that you propose or this may

constitute some statements made by authorities concerning the topic of the research. For

instance, a student writing on social and individual values that affect the counseling

process starts her proposal thus:

The effect of social and individual values on the counseling

process has been noted by Wrenn (2001). He said that the

counselor does not remain neutral in the face of a student’s value

conflicts; indicating that the counselor indirectly communicates

values to the students.

Introduction

This portion explains the macro description of the study and cites situations or

statement of authorities to explain why the study is being conducted. The researcher

points out that the study is about a special problem different from other problems because

the interplay of identified variables may cause a process to be discussed.


2

Guidelines in writing the Introduction:

The introduction of a thesis should contain a discussion of any or all of the

following:

1. Presentation of the problem. The start of the introduction is the presentation of the

problem, that is, what the problem is all about. This will indicate what will be

covered by the study.

2. The existence of an unsatisfactory condition, a felt problem that needs a solution.

3. Rationale of the study. The reason or reasons why it is necessary to conduct the

study must be discussed.

4. Historical Background of the problem.

5. A desire to have a deeper and clearer understanding of a situation, circumstance,

or phenomenon.

6. A desire to find a better way of doing something or of improving a product. The

researcher must also explain his desire to find a better way of teaching a certain

subject to improve the outcome of instruction.

7. A desire to discover something. The researcher may have the desire to discover

what is wrong with the instruction and a desire to discover better ways of teaching

the subject.

8. Geographical conditions of the study locale. This is necessary in anthropological

and economic studies.

9. A link between the introduction and the statement of the problem. A sentence or

two should show the link between the introduction and the conducting of the

researcher.
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Theoretical Framework

This portion gives the reason for the researcher to look for a new data and for

analyzing, interpreting and synthesizing the data. This portion also justifies the rationale

for the investigation. The framework cites the theory on which the study is premised on

theories of authors in order to establish the relationship among the variable or variables

in the study.

Presentation of the paradigm is required in some disciplines in order to explain

how the theories are going to be operationalized in the study. Discussions on pertinent

concepts or new ideas are cited.

This portion presents the theory which is the cornerstone of the research or

springboard of the study. The authorities who formulated the theories and ideas used as

basis of the study, assuming that the research is a theory testing attempt are cited.

However, the student’s task is to operationalize the concepts and usually a paradigm or

scheme which can make the theory easier to understand. Hence, if the study is in need

of satisfaction and is the student wants to use Maslow’s 2001 theory of hierarchy of

author’s, concepts, must be stated and their names must be written followed by the year

when the book was published after their statements, Example: (Castillo, 2001).

Conceptual Framework / Research Paradigm

This portion refers to the researcher’s concept or ideas about his study. There

should be a conceptual or research paradigm consisting of inputs, process and outputs

of the study. The paradigm must be explained by the researcher.


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The conceptual framework consists the researcher’s own position on a problem

after his exposure to various theories that have bearing on the problem. It is the

researcher’s new model which has its roots on the previous models which the researcher

had studied.

The conceptual framework becomes the central theme, the focus, the main thrust

of the study. It serves as a guide in conducting the investigation.

Paradigm. A paradigm is a diagrammatic representation of a conceptual

framework. It depicts in a more vivid way that the conceptual framework wants to convey.

Example:

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

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