A SEMINAR REPORT

On

5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Submitted by

JYOTIRANJAN BARIK

(2001110054)
Under The Esteemed Guidance of
Prof. Rajendra Prasad Nayak

(Assistant Professor)

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KALAHANDI, BHAWANIPATNA

SEPTEMBER 2023

i
 CERTIFICATE
Certified that this seminar report " 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY” is the Bonafede work of
"JYOTIRANJAN BARIK (2001110054)" who carried out the project work under my
supervision. Certified further that to the best of my knowledge the work reported herein does
not form part of any other thesis or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was
conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.

Prof. Rajendra Prasad Nayak Dr.Basanta Kumar Swain

( SUPERVISOR) ( HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT)

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The satisfaction that successful completion of this seminar would be incomplete without the
mention of the people who made it possible, without whose constant guidance and
encouragement would have made effort go in vain. I consider myself privileged to express
gratitude and respect toward all those who guided us through the completion of this project. I
convey thanks to my Prof. Rajendra prasad Nayak for providing encouragement, constant
support, and guidance which was of great help to complete this project successfully.
I am very grateful to Dr. Basanta Kumar Swain, Head of the Department of Computer Science
and Engineering for giving the support and encouragement that was necessary for the
completion of this project.
I would also like to express my gratitude to Dr. Dulu Patnaik, Principal Government College
of Engineering Kalahandi, Bhawanipatna for providing us with a congenial environment to
work in.

JYOTIRANJAN BARIK
Reg. no – 2001110054

iii
 ABSTRACT

5G Technology stands for fifth Generation Mobile technology. From generation 1G to 2.5G
and from 3G to 5Gthis world of telecommunication has seen a number of improvements along
with improved performance with every passing day. This fast revolution in mobile computing
changes our day-to-day life that is way we work, interact, learn etc. This paper also focuses on
all preceding generations of mobile communication along with fifth generation technology.
Fifth generation network provide affordable broadband wireless connectivity (very high
speed). The paper throws light on network architecture of fifth generation technology.
Currently 5G term is not officially used. In fifth generation researches are being made on
development of World Wide Wireless Web (WWWW), Dynamic Ad hoc Wireless Networks
(DAWN) and Real Wireless World. Fifth generation focus on (Voice Over IP) VOIP-enabled
devices that user will experience a high level of call volume and data transmission. Fifth
generation technology will fulfil all the Requirements of customers who always want advanced
features in cellular phones. The main features in 5G mobile network is that user can
simultaneously connect to the multiple wireless technologies and can switch between them.
This forthcoming mobile technology will support IPv6 and flat IP. Fifth generation technology
will offer the services like Documentation, supporting electronic transactions (e-Payments, e-
transactions) etc.

Index Terms— 5G, 5G Architecture, Evolution from 1G to 5G, Comparison of all Generations

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENT

CERTIFICATE ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
TABLE OF CONTENT v
LIST OF FIGURES vii
CHAPTER – 1 1
INTRODUCTION TO 5G TECHNOLOGY 1
1.1DEFINITION .................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 PROPERTIES ................................................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER – 2 3
EVOLUTION FROM 1G TO 5G 3
2.1 1ST GENERATION .......................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 2ND GENERATION ......................................................................................................................... 4
2.3 3RD GENERATION ......................................................................................................................... 5
2.4 4TH GENERATION.......................................................................................................................... 6
2.5 5TH GENERATION.......................................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER – 3 11
KEY CONCEPT 11
CHAPTER – 4 12
ARCHITECTURE OF 5G 12
4.1 TERMINAL DESIGN ...................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 COMPARISION WITH OSI MODEL............................................................................................... 12
4.3 OPEN WIRELESS ARCHITECTURE (OWA) ..................................................................................... 13
4.4 NETWORK LAYER......................................................................................................................... 13
4.5 OPEN TRANSPORT PROTOCOL (OTP) .......................................................................................... 13
4.6 APPLICATION LAYER .................................................................................................................... 14
4.7 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE ...................................................................................................... 14
CHAPTER – 5 17
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE OF 5G 17
5.1 HARDWARE OF 5G ...................................................................................................................... 17
5.2 SOFTWARE OF 5G ....................................................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER – 6 18

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FEATURES, ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS 18
6.1 FEATURES .................................................................................................................................... 18
6.2 ADVANTAGES .............................................................................................................................. 18
6.3 APPLICATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 19
CHAPTER – 7 20
CONCLUSION 20
REFERENCES 21

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES

TITLE PAGE NO
1. Fig. 1: 1G Mobile 03
2. Fig. 2: 2G Mobile 04
3. Fig. 3: 3G Mobile 05
4. Fig. 4: 4G Mobile 06
5. Fig. 5: 5G Mobile 07
6. Fig.6: Mobile Terminal Design of 5G 12
7. Fig.7: Comparison with OSI MODEL 12
8. Fig.8: Network layer of 5G wireless 13
9. Fig.9: Functional Architecture of 5G Wireless 14
10. Fig.10: protocol layout for the elements 15
of the proposed architecture of 5G

vii
CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION TO 5G TECHNOLOGY

The world has seen a lot of changes in the realm of communication. Today we no more use
landlines. Everyone possesses a mobile phone that functions 24X7. Our handsets not only keep
us connected with the world at large but also serve the purpose of entertainment gadget. From
1G to 2.5G and from 3G to 5G this world of telecommunications has seen a number of
improvements along with improved performance with every passing day.
The 5th generation is envisaged to be a complete network for wireless mobile internet, which
has the capability to offer services for accommodating the application potential requirements
without suffering the quality. The ultimate goal of 5G is to design a real wireless world, that is
free from obstacles of the earlier generations.
5G technology will change the manner in which cellular plans are offered worldwide. A new
revolution is about to begin. The global cell phone is around the corner. The global mobile
phone will hit the localities who can call and access from one country to another’s local phone
with this new technology. The way in which people are communicating will altogether upgrade.
The utilization of this gadget will surely move a step ahead with improved and accessible
connectivity around the world. Your office will shrink into your handset with this cell phone
that is going to resemble PDA (personal digital assistant) of twenty first century.
5G technology has a bright future because it can handle best technologies and offer priceless
handset to their customers. May be in coming days 5G technology takes over the world market.
5G Technologies have an extraordinary capability to support Software and Consultancy. The
Router and switch technology used in 5G network providing high connectivity. The 5G
technology distributes internet access to nodes within the building and can be deployed with
union of wired or wireless network connections. The current trend of 5G technology has a
glowing future.

1.1DEFINITION
5G Wireless System is a complete wireless communication with almost no limitation:
somehow people called it REAL wireless world. But till present day 5G wireless system
concept is only theory and not real, so it is not appliques.
5G (5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems) is a technology used
in research papers and projects to denote the next major phase of mobile telecommunication
standards beyond 4G. 5G is not officially used for any specification or official document yet
made public by telecommunication companies or standardization bodies. New standard
releases beyond 4G are in progress by standardization bodies but are at this time not considered
as new mobile generations but under the 4G umbrella. The implementation of standards under
a 5G umbrella would likely be around the year of 2020.

1
1.2 PROPERTIES
❖ Worldwide cellular phone: Phone calls in any country can be done easily like a local
phone call.
❖ Extraordinary data capabilities: Data capabilities of the 5G system is much higher than
other generation so you can store more amount of data with less problem in storing
them.
❖ High connectivity: Connectivity speed of 5G is almost 25 Mbps.
❖ More power & features in handheld phones: You'll have all features of PDA & laptops
in your mobile phone, which makes it more powerful.
❖ Large phone memory, more dialling speed, more clarity in audio & video

2
CHAPTER – 2
EVOLUTION FROM 1G TO 5G

2.1 1ST GENERATION

1G mobile communication system was introduced in Japan in 1979 by Nippon Telegraph and
Telephone (NTT). Initially, it started in Tokyo and within next five years expanded to cover
the whole of Japan.
In 1981, Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) was launched in European countries. In 1983,
Ameritech launched 1G mobiles in the USA using Motorola mobile phones. Use of mobile
communication system was then followed by several countries.

Fig. 1: 1G Mobile

• Developed in 1980s & completed in early 1990s

•Based on analog system
• Speed up to 2.4 kbps
• AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System) was launched by the US & it was the 1G mobile
system
• Allows user to make voice calls in 1 country

3
2.2 2ND GENERATION
2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology. Second generation
2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland in
1991. 2G network allows for much greater penetration intensity. 2G technologies enabled the
various mobile phone networks to provide the services such as text messages, picture messages
and MMS (Multi Media Messages). 2G technology is more efficient. 2G technology holds
sufficient security for both the sender and the receiver. All text messages are digitally
encrypted. This digital encryption allows for the transfer of data in such a way that only the
intended receiver can receive and read it.
Second generation technologies are either time division multiple access (TDMA) or code
division multiple access (CDMA). TDMA allows for the division of signal into time slots.
CDMA allocates each user a special code to communicate over a multiplex physical channel.
Different TDMA technologies are GSM, PDC, iDEN, IS-136. CDMA technology is IS-95.
GSM (Global system for mobile communication) is the most admired standard of all the mobile
technologies. GSM technology was the first one to help establish international roaming. This
enabled the mobile subscribers to use their mobile phone connections in many different
countries of the world’s is based on digital signals, unlike 1G technologies which were used to
transfer analogue signals. GSM has enabled the users to make use of the short message services
(SMS) to any mobile network at any time. SMS is a cheap and easy way to send a message to
anyone, other than the voice call or conference This technology is beneficial to both the
network operators and the ultimate users at the same time.
In comparison to 1G's analog signals, 2G's digital signals are very reliant on location and
proximity. If a 2G handset made a call far away from a cell tower, the digital signal may not be
enough to reach it. While a call made from a 1G handset had generally poor quality than that
of a 2G handset, it survived longer distances. This is due to the analog signal having a smooth
curve compared to the digital signal, which had a jagged, angular curve. As conditions worsen,
the quality of a call made from a 1G handset would gradually worsen, but a call made from a
2G handset would fail completely.

Fig. 2: 2G Mobile

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• Developed in late 1980s & completed in late 1990s
• Based on digital system
• Speed up to 64 kbps
• Services such are digital voice & SMS with more clarity.
• Semi global facility
2G are the handsets we are using today, with 2.5G having more Capabilities.

2.3 3RD GENERATION

In comparison to 1G's analog signals, 2G's digital signals are very reliant on location and
proximity. If a 2G handset made a call far away from a cell tower, the digital signal may not be
enough to reach it. While a call made from a 1G handset had generally poor quality than that
of a 2G handset, it survived longer distances. This is due to the analog signal having a smooth
curve compared to the digital signal, which had a jagged, angular curve. As conditions worsen,
the quality of a call made from a 1G handset would gradually worsen, but a call made from a
2G handset would fail completely.

Fig. 3: 3G Mobile

• Developed between late 1990s & early 2000s until present day.
• In 2005, 3G is ready to live up to its performance in computer networking (WCDMA,
WLAN and Bluetooth) and mobile devices
area (cell phone and GPS)
• Transmission speed from 125 kbps to 2 Mbps • Superior voice quality

5
• Good clarity in video conference
• Data are sent through technology called packet switching.
• Voice calls are interpreted using circuit switching.
• Fast Communication, Internet, Mobile T.V, E-mail, PDA, information surfing, on-line
shopping/ banking, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), 3D gaming, multi-Gaming etc.
• Global roaming

2.4 4TH GENERATION

4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to 3G and 2G
families of standards. The fourth generation (4G) is a conceptual framework and a discussion
point to address future needs of a high-speed wireless network that can transmit multimedia
and data to and interface with wire-line backbone network perfectly just raised in 2002. The
speeds of 4G can theoretically be promised up to 1Gbps.
Some of the applications of 4G are:
I. Mobile TV – a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the subscriber's phone where it
can be watched.
II. Video on demand – a provider sends a movie to the subscriber's phone.
III. Video conferencing – subscribers can see as well as talk to each other.
IV. Tele-medicine – a medical provider monitors or provides advice to the potentially isolated
subscriber.
V. Location-based services – a provider sends localized weather or traffic conditions to the
phone, or the phone allows the subscriber to find nearby businesses or friends.
VI. Mobile ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access and multi-carrier transmission.
VII. Mobile WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access).

Fig. 4: 4G Mobile

6
• Developed in 2010
• Faster & more reliable
• Speed up to 100 Mbps
• Both cellular and broadband multimedia services everywhere
• High performance
• Easy global roaming
• Low cost

2.5 5TH GENERATION

5G Technology stands for 5th Generation Mobile technology. 5G technology has changed the
means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. User never experienced ever before such
a high value technology. The 5G technologies include all type of advanced features which
makes 5G technology most powerful and in huge demand in near future. The gigantic array of
innovative technology being built into new cell phones is stunning. 5G technologies which are
on hand held phone offering more power and features than at least 1000 lunar modules. A user
can also hook their 5G technology cell phone with their Laptop to get broadband internet
access. 5G technology including camera, MP3 recording, video player, large phone memory,
dialling speed, audio player and much more you never imagine.

Fig. 5: 5G Mobile

• Next major phase of mobile telecommunication & wireless system

• 10 times more capacity than others
• Expected speed up to 1 Gbps
• More faster & reliable than 4G
• Lower cost than previous generations

7
 Table 1: Generation of

Generation 1G 2G 3G 4G 5G
Features
Years 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
Data 2 kbps 64 kbps 2 Mbps 200 Mbps 1 Gbps
Bandwidth

Standards AMPS TDMA, WCDMA Single unified Single

CDMA,GSM,GPRS standard Unified
standard
Technology Analog Digital cellular Broadband Unified IP Unified IP &
cellular with & seamless Seamless
CDMA,IP
technology Combination Combination
of of broadband
broadband,LAN, ,LAN,WAN,WLAN
WAN,&WLAN & WWWW
Services Mobile Digital Integrated Dynamic Dynamic
Technology voice,SMS,Higher High Information Information
(Voice) Capacity packetized quality Access, access,wearable
Audio,video Device
variable
& data
Devices
Multiplexing FDMA TDMA, CDMA CDMA CDMA
CDMA
Switching Circuit Cicuit & Packet Packet All packet All packets
Core PSTN PSTN Packet Internet Internet
Network Network
Handsoff Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal & Horizontal&
Vertical Vertical
Core PSTN PSTN Packet Internet Internet
Network network
Handsoff Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal & Horizontal&
Vertical Vertical

8
6.2. Symbols
→WWWW:A World Wide Wireless Web is capable of supporting a comprehensive wireless-
based Web application that includes full graphics and multimedia capability at beyond 4G
speeds.

→ WDM: Wavelength Division Multiplexing allows many independent signals to be

transmitted simultaneously on one fiber with each signal located at a different wavelength.
Routing and detection of these signals require devices that are wavelength selective, allowing
for the transmission, recovery, or routing of specific wavelengths in photonic networks.
→ WCDMA: Wideband CDMA is a technology for wideband digital radio communications of
multimedia and other capacity demanding applications.
→ PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network is a regular voice Telephone network.
→Spread Spectrum: It is a form of wireless communication in which the frequency of the
transmitted signal is deliberately varied over a wide range. This results in a higher bandwidth
of the signal than the one without varied frequency.

→ TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access is a technology for shart a medium by several users
by dividing into different time slots transmitting at the same frequency.
→ UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System is the third generation mobile
telephone standard in Europe.
→ WAP: Wireless Application Protocol defines the use of TCP/IP and web browsing for
mobile system.
→ DAWN: Advanced technologies including smart antenna and flexible modulation are keys
to optimize this wireless version of reconfigurable ad hoc networks.

9
6.3. Summary in Tabular Form
Table 2: Summary in Tabular Form

Generation 1G 2G 3G 4G 5G
Years 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
Keywords Analog Digital Global world High data High data rates
personal standards rates High mobility
High mobility IP Based
IP Based
Systems Analog Digital 3G cellular 4G cellular 5G CELLULAR
Cellular Cellular

Analog Digital Max data rate: Broadband Min data rate:20-

2Mbps 100 mbps
cordless Cordless Access

Mobile Min data rate:

Satelite 2-20 Mbps

10
CHAPTER – 3
KEY CONCEPT

• Real wireless world with no more limitation with access and zone issues.
• Wearable devices with AI (Artificial Intelligence) capabilities.
• Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6), where a visiting care-of mobile IP address is
assigned according to location and connected network.
• One unified global standard.
• Dynamic Ad hoc Wireless Networks (DAWN), essentially identical to Mobile ad hoc
network (MANET), Wireless mesh network (WMN) or wireless grids, combined with
smart antennas, cooperative diversity and flexible modulation.
• User centric (or cell phone developer initiated) network concept instead of operator-
initiated (as in 1G) or system developer initiated (as in 2G, 3G and 4G) standards.
• World Wide wireless web (WWWW), i.e. comprehensive wireless- based web
applications that include full multimedia capability beyond 4G speeds.
• Pervasive networks providing ubiquitous computing: The user can simultaneously be
connected to several wireless access technologies and seamlessly move between them
(See Media independent handover or vertical handover, IEEE 802.21, also expected to
be provided by future 4G releases). These access technologies can be a 2.5G, 3G, 4G
or 5G mobile networks, Wi-Fi, WPAN or any other future access technology. In 5G,
the concept may be further developed into multiple concurrent data transfer paths.
• Cognitive radio technology, also known as smart-radio: allowing Different radio
technologies to share the same spectrum efficiently by Adaptively finding unused
spectrum and adapting the transmission scheme to the requirements of the technologies
currently sharing the spectrum. This dynamic radio resource management is achieved
in a distributed fashion, and relies on software defined radio.
• High altitude stratospheric platform station (HAPS) systems.
• Group cooperative relay: A major issue in beyond 4G systems is to make the high bit
rates available in a larger portion of the cell, especially to users in an exposed position
in between several base stations. In current research, this issue is addressed by cellular
repeaters and macro-diversity techniques, also known as group cooperative relay, as
well as by beam division multiple access (BDMA).

11
CHAPTER – 4
ARCHITECTURE OF 5G

4.1 TERMINAL DESIGN

Fig.6: Mobile Terminal Design of 5G

4.2 COMPARISION WITH OSI MODEL

Let us compare the protocol stack of 5G wireless with the OSI Model using the fig. below.

Fig.7: Comparision with OSI Mode

12
4.3 OPEN WIRELESS ARCHITECTURE (OWA)
Physical layer + Data link layer = OWA
➢ OSI layer 1 i.e. Physical layer & OSI layer 2 i.e. Data link layer define the wireless
technology.
➢ For these two layers the 5G mobile network is likely to be based on Open Wireless
Architecture (OWA)

4.4 NETWORK LAYER

All mobile networks will use mobile IP.
➢ Each mobile terminal will be FA (Foreign Agent).
➢ A mobile can be attached to several mobiles or wireless networks at the same time.
➢ The fixed IPv6 will be implemented in the mobile phones.
➢ Separation of network layer into two sub-layers:

(i) Lower network layer (for each interface)

(ii) Upper network layer (for the mobile terminal)

Fig.8: Network layer of 5G wireless

4.5 OPEN TRANSPORT PROTOCOL (OTP)

Transport layer + Session layer = OTP
➢ Wireless network differs from wired network regarding the transport layer.
➢ In all TCP versions the assumption is that lost segments are due to network congestion.
➢ In wireless, the loss is due to higher bit error ratio in the radio interface.
➢ 5G mobile terminals have transport layer that is possible to be downloaded & installed
which is based on Open Transport Protocol

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4.6 APPLICATION LAYER
Presentation layer + Application layer = Application layer (5G)
➢ rovides intelligent QoS (Quality of Service) management over variety of networks.
➢ Provides possibility for service quality testing & storage ofmeasurement information in
information database in the mobile terminal.
➢ Select the best wireless connection for given services.
➢ QoS parameters, such as, delay, losses, BW, reliability, will be stored in DB (Database) of
5G mobile.

4.7 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE

Below figure shows the system model that proposes design of network architecture for 5G
mobile systems, which is all-IP based model for wireless and mobile networks interoperability.
The system consists of a user terminal (which has a crucial role in the new architecture) and a
number of independent, autonomous radio access technologies. Within each of the terminals,
each of the radio access technologies is seen as the IP link to the outside Internet world.
However, there should be different radio interface for each Radio Access Technology (RAT) in
the mobile terminal. For an example, if we want to have access to four different RATs, we need
to have four different access - specific interfaces in the mobile terminal, and to have all of them
active at the same time, with aim to have this architecture to be functional applications and
servers somewhere on the Internet. Routing of packets should be carried out in accordance with
established policies of the user.

Fig.9: Functional Architecture of 5G Wireless

Application connections are realized between clients and servers in the Internet via sockets.
Internet sockets are endpoints for data communication flows. Each socket of the web is a
unified and unique combination of local IP address and appropriate local transport

14
communications port, target IP address and target appropriate communication port, and type of
transport protocol. Considering that, the establishment of communication from end-to-end
between the client and server using the Internet protocol is necessary to raise the appropriate
Internet socket uniquely determined by the application of the client and the server. This means
that in case of interoperability between heterogeneous networks and for the vertical handover
between the respective radio technologies, the local IP address and destination IP address
should be fixed and unchanged. Fixing of these two parameters should ensure handover
transparency to the Internet connection end-to-end, when there is a mobile user at least on one
end of such connection. In order to preserve the proper layout of the packets and to or prevent
packets losses, routing to the target destination and vice versa should be uniquely and using
the same path. Each radio access technology that is available to the user in achieving
connectivity with the relevant radio access is presented with appropriate IP interface. Each IP
interface in the terminal is characterized by its IP address and net mask and parameters
associated with the routing of IP packets.

Fig.10: protocol layout for the elements of the proposed architecture of 5G

across the network. In regular inter-system handover, the change of access technology (i.e.,
vertical handover) would mean changing the local IP address. Then, change of any of the
parameters of the socket means and change of the socket, that is, closing the socket and opening
a new one. This means, ending the connection and starting e new one. This approach is not
flexible, and it is based on today’s Internet communication. In order to solve this deficiency,
we propose a new level that will take care of the abstraction levels of network access
technologies to higher layers of the protocol stack. This layer is crucial in the new architecture.
To enable the functions of the applied transparency and control or direct routing of packets
through the most appropriate radio access technology, in the proposed architecture we
introduce a control system in the functional architecture of the networks, which works in

15
complete coordination with the user terminal and provides a network abstraction functions and
routing of packets based on defined policies. At the same time this control system is an essential
element through which it can determine the quality of service for each transmission technology.
He is on the Internet side of the proposed architecture, and as such represents an ideal system
to test the qualitative characteristics of the access technologies, as well as to obtain a realistic
picture regarding the quality that can be expected from applications of the user towards a given
server in Internet (or peer). Protocol setup of the new levels within the existing protocol stack,
which form the proposed architecture, is presented in Figure (Protocol Layout for the Elements
of the Proposed Architecture). The network abstraction level would be provided by creating IP
tunnels over IP interfaces obtained by connection to the terminal via the access technologies
available to the terminal (i.e., mobile user). In fact, the tunnels would be established between
the user terminal and control system named her as Policy Router, which performs routing based
on given policies. In this way the client side will create an appropriate number of tunnels
connected to the number of radio access technologies, and the client will only set a local IP
address which will be formed with sockets Internet communication of client applications with
Internet servers. The way IP packets are routed through tunnels, or choosing the right tunnel,
would be served by policies whose rules will be exchanged via the virtual network layer
protocol. This way we achieve the required abstraction of the network to the client applications
at the mobile terminal.

16
CHAPTER – 5
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE OF 5G

5.1 HARDWARE OF 5G

• It uses UWB (Ultra Wide Band) networks with higher BW at low energy levels.
• This BW is of 4000 Mbps, which is 400 times faster than today’s wireless networks.
• It uses smart antenna either Switched Beam Antennas or Adaptive Array Antennas.
• It uses CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).

5.2 SOFTWARE OF 5G

• 5G will be single unified standard of different wireless networks, including LAN

technologies, LAN/WAN, WWWW- World Wide Wireless Web, unified IP & seamless
combination of broadband.
• Software defined radio, Packet layer, Implementation of Packets, Encryption, Flexibility,
Anti-Virus.

17
CHAPTER – 6
FEATURES, ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS

6.1 FEATURES
5G technology offer high resolution for crazy cell phone user and bi-directional large
bandwidth shaping.

 The advanced billing interfaces of 5G technology makes it more

attractive and effective.

 5G technology also providing subscriber supervision tools for fast action.

 The high quality services of 5G technology based on Policy to avoid error.

 5G technology is providing large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which supporting

almost 65,000 connections.

 5G technology offer transporter class gateway with unparalleled

consistency.

 The traffic statistics by 5G technology makes it more accurate.

 Through remote management offered by 5G technology a user can get better and fast
solution.

 The remote diagnostics also a great feature of 5G technology.

 The 5G technology is providing up to 25 Mbps connectivity speed.

 The 5G technology also support virtual private network.

 The new 5G technology will take all delivery service out of business prospect.

 The uploading and downloading speed of 5G technology touching the peak.

 The 5G technology network offering enhanced and available

connectivity just about the world.

6.2 ADVANTAGES
➢ 5G provides data bandwidth of 1 Gbps or higher.
➢ 5G is globally accessible.
➢ 5G provides dynamic information access beneficial to domestic user.
➢ 5G is available at low cost.

18
6.3 APPLICATIONS
➢ Wearable device with AI capabilities.
➢ Pervasive (Global) networks.
➢ Media independent handover.
➢ Radio resource management.
➢ High Altitude Stratospheric Platform Station (HAPS) systems.
➢ VoIP (Voice over IP) enabled device.
➢ With 6th sense technology.

19
CHAPTER – 7
CONCLUSION

➢ 3G- Operator Centric,

➢ 4G- Service Centric whereas
➢ 5G- User Centric

➢ We have proposed 5G wireless concept designed as an open platform on different

layers.

➢ A new revolution of 5G technology is going to give tough completion to normal

computer and laptops whose marketplace value will be effected.

➢ The new coming 5G technology is available in the market in affordable rates, high
peak future and much reliability than its preceding technologies.

➢ This technology helps to promotes stronger links between people working in different
fields creating future concepts of mobile Communication , internet services , cloud
computing , all pie network and nanotechnology.

20
REFERENCES
❖ "5G NR: The Next Generation Wireless Access Technology" by Erik Dahlman, Stefan
Parkvall, and Johan Skold (Book).
❖ "5G Wireless Communication Systems" edited by Shuangqing Wei and Cheng-Xiang
Wang (Book).
❖ "5G Mobile Communications: Concepts and Technologies" by Afif Osseiran, José F.
Monserrat, and Patrick Marsch (Book).
❖ "Understanding 5G: A Practical Guide to Deploying and Operating 5G Networks" by
Matthew Hatton and William Webb (Book).
❖ "IEEE Xplore" (Website) - IEEE provides numerous research papers, articles, and
conference proceedings on 5G technology.
❖ P. Schulz et al., “Latency Critical IoT Applications in 5G: Perspective on the Design
of Radio Interface and Network Architecture” in IEEE Communications Magazine,
55(2): 70-78, 2017.

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