Module 1

Physics for Engineers

Prepared by: Engr. B.M. Amansec

Physics velocity, displacement 1.NEWTON’S FIRST LAW: (The

acceleration, electric law of inertia)
Inertia - is the property field intensity, etc.
of the body by virtue of “There is no change
which a resultant force is Scalar quantities – are in the motion of a body
required to change its those quantities which unless an unbalanced
motion.
E C
have only magnitudes.. The external force is acting
following
S upon it.”
E C
AN S
Weight (of a body) - is
N
are examples of

AM A
the resultant scalar quantities: Speed, 2.NEWSTON’s SECOND LAW:
gravitational force acting
M
(The law of acceleration)
A
.M
mass, volume, energy,
on the body due to all
B M
length,temperature, etc.

B.
“ Whenever a net
.
other bodies in space. I
R
(resultant) force acts on
.
is always a vertical force Vector –is the line whose

N G R a body, it produces an
G
acting downward. length indicates to scale
E
EN
the magnitude of the acceleration in the
Newton(N) - is the force vector quantity and whose direction of the resultant
that will give to a mass direction indicates the force that is directly
of one kilogram an direction of the quantity. proportional to the
acceleration of one meter resultant force and
C
The term “vector” comes

E
per second per second. from latin “vehere” which inversely proportional to

N S
means “to carry”. the mass of the body.”

A
Dyne(dyn) - is the force
that will give to a mass
of one gram an A M F=ma

M
B.
acceleration of one Classifications of 3.Newton's Third Law: (The
law of reaction)
.
centimeter per second per vectors:
second.
G R “ For every force

EN
1. Free vector – is one
Poundal - is the force whose action is not that acts on one body
that will give to a mass confined to or there is a second force

C
of end pound an associated with a equal in magnitude
acceleration of one foot unique line in
S E
but opposite in direction
per second per second.
space.
A N
that acts upon another

M
body.”
2. Sliding vector –is
Slug - is the mass to one for which a A
M
B.
which a force of one pound unique line in space
will give an acceleration

R.
must be maintained Law of Universal
of one foot per second per along which the
G
Gravitation:

N
second. quantity acts.
3. E
“Every particle in the
Gram force - is one- Fixed vector – is
one for which a universe attracts every
thousandth the pull of the
unique point of other particle with a
earth upon a standard
application is force that is directly
kilogram at a place where
C
specified and proportional to the

E
g has a value of 980.665
S
therefore the vector product of the masses of

N
cm/𝑠.2 occupies a the two particles and
Vector & Scalar quantities
M A
particular position inversely proportional to

A
in space. the square of the distance

M
B.
Vector quantities – are FORCE AND MOTION between their centers of
mass.“
.
quantities whose
measurement is specified
G R
Three Laws of Motion:
𝑮𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐

EN
by magnitude are These laws are commonly F =
𝒔𝟐
direction. The known as “Newton’s Laws of
following are examples of Motion”. Where:
vector quantities: Weight,
momentum, torque,
 Module 1

Physics for Engineers

Prepared by: Engr. B.M. Amansec

F=Force of WORK, ENERGY AND POWER 1

∑𝐹⋅𝑑 = 𝑚 (𝑣12 − 𝑣22 )
gravity/attractiom 2
Work - is the product of
G=Gravitational constant force and the displacement 1.A 10-kg block is raised
of the universe in the direction of the vertically 3meters . What
forms. is the change in potential
G=6.67𝑥10−11
E C energy

S
W=Force x distance
E C
M=Mass of one object
A Nis the property 2.A 10 lbm object acted
S
ofM
Energy -
A N
upon by a force 4.4 lbf .
A
M=mass of the other object
M
the body or system of What acceleration ft/s2

.M
bodies by virtue of which
A
does object posses?
B M
r=distance between the two

B. horizontal
work can be done. lt is
objects
R . also defined as the 3. What force P

G R . can be applied to a 100-kg

N
Example: ability to do work. Energy

E has a mass of G block in a level surface

EN
is a scalar quantity.
1.The earth with coefficient of
5.972x1024
kg and the moon Potential energy - is also friction of 0.2. that will
known es the energy of cause acceleration of
has a mass of 7.348x 1024
position or configuration. 2.5m/s2?
kg. The distance between
them is 3.844 108 m.what
E C
S
Ep = Wh = mgh 4.What average force is
N energy - is
is force of the gravity necessary to stop a .45
between the earth and the
M A
Kinetic the caliber bullet of mass of

A
moon? energy in motion. 15 grams and speed of 300

.M
m/s as it penetrates a

B
2.The force between two block to a distance of 5

. cm?
identical charges 𝟏

R
Ek = 𝒎𝒗𝟐

G
𝟐
separated b 1.2cm is equal
N
A. 12.5 kN

E
to 100N. What magnitude of Frictional force - a force
the two charges? acting on the body B. 13.0 kN
whenever a moves while in
3. The weight of a mass of contact with another body
E C
C. 13.5 kN
10 kg at a location where
This force always opposes
N S
D. 12.0 kN
A
the acceleration of
the direction of the
M
gravity is 9.77m / (s ^ 2) 5. A 10 Ibm object is
is motion. The frictional
A acted upon by a 4.4 lbf
M
B.
force is proportional to
A. 79.7 N force. What acceleration
the normal force and is
.
in ft/s² does the object

R
B. 77.9 N directed parallel to the possess?
surface.
G
EN F=μN
C. 97.7 N A. 12.4

D. 977 N B. 10.0
where: μ = coefficient of
4.Two steel balls of C. 14.2
friction
masses 500 kg and 50 kg,
respectively are placed 1.D’alemberts Principle:
E C D.13.0
with their centers 0.5 m
N S IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM
A
apart. The two balls

AM of
attract with a force of ∑ 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
Momentum – is the product

M
A. 6.67 x 1010 N of the mass and velocity
dynamic .Equilibrium
2.Newton’s Method
B
of a body. Momentum is a

.
B. 6.67 x 10 N vector quantity.
C. 6.67 x 106 N
G R
EN
∑𝐹 = 0 p = mv
D. 6.67 x 103 N
3.Work energy-equation Impulse – is the product
of the force and the time
during which it acts.
 Module 1

Physics for Engineers

Prepared by: Engr. B.M. Amansec

Impulse is equal to the opposite direction with a 1 gram/cc

change in momentum. velocity of 10 cm/s. If
the collision is perfectly The specific gravity of
Impulse = F∆𝒕 = 𝒑𝟐 − 𝒑𝟏 = elastic, what is the water at densed condition
𝒎𝒗𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 − 𝒎𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 velocity of the 30 g block (4°𝑐)is 1.0
after the collision?

EC
Law of Conservation of Archimedes' Principle:
A. 15 cm/s
Momentum:“ if there is not
S
"When a body is immersed
E C
external force acting upon
A N
B. 10 cm/s
S
(partially or wholly) in a
N
AM
a system of bodies, the fluid, it is subjected to
momentum of the C. 25 cm/s A
an upward force (buoyant
M
.M A
system does not change.” force) which is equal to

B M
D. 5 cm/s the weight of the fluid

. in B.
1.Elastic collision – is a displaced“
collision of two R
G as
bodies FLUIDS AT REST
R . where: Vs=volume
N
which kinetic energy
E G
submerge

unit volume. This is N

well as Density – is the mass per
momentum is
conserved.
E
expressed mathematically
p=density of the fluid BF

as
2.Inelastic collision – is
a collision of two bodies
E C
S
in which only the momentum 𝒎
p =
N
is conserve but not the 𝑽

A
AM weight
kinetic energy.
Weight density – is the
per unit volume.

.M
3.Coefficient of The relationship between

. B
restitution – is the
negative ratio of the
density and

R
weight density is

G
relative velocity after expressed in the following
N
collision to the relative
E
velocity before collision.
equation.
Examples:
𝑾

C
𝑽𝟐𝑨 −𝑽𝟐𝑩 𝑽𝟐𝑨 −𝑽𝟐𝑩 D =
E
e = = 𝒗 1.The mass of air in a

S
𝑽𝟏𝑨 −𝑽𝟏𝑩 𝑽𝟏𝑨 −𝑽𝟏𝑩
room 3m x 5m x 20m is
If e = 1, the collision is
D = pg
A N known to be 350 kg. Find

Specific gravity – is the M

perfectly elastic while if its density.
e = 0, the collision is A A. 1.167
M
density of the substance
relative to that of .water.
completely inelastic.

. B as
This is also known B. 1.176
Examples: A 16 gram mass
is moving at 30 cm/sec
G R
relative density. Water is
C. 1.617

EN which has a
considered the standard
while a 4 gram mass is substance
moving in an opposite D. 1.716
maximum density at 4°𝐶
direction at 50 cm/sec.
They collide head on and 2.An iron block weighs 5 N
stick together. Their specific gravity = and has a volume of 200
𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 cubic centimeters. What is
C
velocity after collision
E
𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 the density of the block?
is

N S A.
The values for the density 988kg / (m ^ 3)
A
A. 0.14 m/s

M
of water are as follows:

A pounds/𝑓𝑡 C.
B. 1255 kg/m³
B. 0.21 m/s

.M
3
62.4 2550 kg/m³
B
C. 0.07 m/s

D. 0.28 m/s
R . 1000kg/𝑚 D.3 800kg / (m ^ 3)

2. A 10 g block slides
with a velocity of 20 cm/s E NG 9.81 kN/𝑚 3

on a smooth level surface 9810 N/𝑚3 3..The specific gravity of

and makes a collision with mercury relative to water
a 30 g block moving in the is 13.55. What is the
 Module 1

Physics for Engineers

Prepared by: Engr. B.M. Amansec

specific weight of 𝑣 − 𝑣 0 = 𝑎 ( 𝑡 − 0) 1.The elevator in an

mercury? office building in makati,
𝑽 = 𝑽𝟎 + 𝒂𝒕 started from rest in the
4. If a 5-kg steel plate first floor, is
is attached to one eend of 𝑑𝑆 accelerated 0.75m/sec2 for
a 0.1mx0.3mx1.2m wooden =𝑎 5 seconds.It continues at
𝑑𝑡
C
pole, what is the length a constant velocity for 12
of the pole above water?
S E seconds more and is then
C
E
𝑑𝑆 = 𝑣 𝑑𝑡

A𝑑𝑆N= (𝑣
stopped in 3 secs with
S
Use s.g. Of wood 0f 0.5.

N
Neglect the Bouyant force constant deceleration. If

AM A
of the steel plate. 0 + 𝑎𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 the floors are 3.75m

M A M
apart, at what floor did

B.
𝑆 𝑡
the elevator stopped?
M
5. Determine the

B.man drove
∫ 𝑑𝑆 = 𝑎 ∫ (𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑡) 𝑑𝑡

R.
submerged depth of a cube 0 0

R. to
of steel 0.3 m on each 2.A from manila

N G
side floating in mercury. 𝑺 = 𝒗𝟎 𝒕 + 𝟏⁄𝟐 𝒂𝒕𝟐
tarlac through the

E
The specific gravities of
N G expressways. He left
steel and mercury are 7.8
and 13.6 respectively. 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑡 E manila at 10:47 am and
arrived in tarlac at 1:12
pm. If he drove at an
A. 0.155 m. 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑠 average velocity of 40kph
=

EC
𝑎 𝑣 from manila to the toll
B. 0.165 m. gate for 30 minutes and

NS
𝑉 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎 𝑑𝑆 travelled at a constant
C. 0.134 m.
A
speed of 80 kph at the
D. 0.172 m.
A M 𝑉
∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑉 = 𝑎 ∫ ⅆ𝑆
S express way, how far is
Manila from tarlac?
M
B.
𝑣0 0
6. A mercury barometer at

.
the base of mount makiling Projectile

R
𝑣 2 − 𝑣02
reads 654 mm and the same
G
= 𝑞 ( 𝑠 − 0)

EN
time another baromete at 𝑣2 𝟐𝒗𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒕=
the top of the mountain 𝒈
reads 480mm. Assuming 𝑽𝟐 = 𝑽𝟐𝟎 + 𝟐𝒂𝑺

C
specific weight of air to (𝒗𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽) 𝟐

E
be constant 12m/m2 , what Case 1. Constant Velocity h=
S
𝟐𝒈

N
is the appropriate height
of mount makiling? S=Vt
M A 𝑹=
𝒗𝟐𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽

Kinematic Equation-The Case 2:Constant A 𝒈

M
B.
branch of physics that Acceleration A projectile is fixed at a
.
defines motion with certain angle of to reach
respect to space and time,
G R
𝑽 = 𝑽𝟎 + 𝒂𝒕 the maximum range and a

EN
ignoring the cause of that maximum height with a
motion, is known as
𝑽𝟐 = 𝑽𝟐𝟎 + 𝟐𝒂𝑺 velocity 10m/s.
kinematics. Kinematics
equations are a set of
equations that can derive 𝑺 = 𝒗𝟎 𝒕 + 𝟏⁄𝟐 𝒂𝒕𝟐 a.Which of the following
gives the time to reach
an unknown aspect of a
the ground?
C b.
body’s motion if the other Case 2:Constant Varying
aspects are provided. Acceleration
S E Which of the following
I. Rectilinear Translation 𝑑𝑣
A N gives the maximum height

A 𝑑𝑡 M
=𝑎 reached by the projectile?

M
𝑑𝑣

B. 𝑑𝑉 = 𝑎 𝑑𝑡
=𝑎 c.Which of the following
𝑑𝑡 gives the distance

R . travelled by the

G
𝑑𝑉 = 𝑎 𝑑𝑡 𝒗 𝒅𝒗 projectile?

EN
𝒂=
𝒅𝒔
𝑉 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 Examples:
𝑣0 0