EE435 Dr. Ali M.

Eltamaly 1426/1427

Problems Solutions of Chapter 3

1- Single phase half-wave controlled rectifier is connected to 220 V, 50Hz supply to feed 10 Ω resistor. If
the firing angle α = 30o draw output voltage and drop voltage across the thyristor along with the
supply voltage. Then, calculate, (a) The rectfication effeciency. (b) Ripple factor. (c) Peak Inverse
Voltage (PIV) of the thyristor.

V 220 * 2
From Eq. (3.1) Vdc = m (1 + cos α ) = (1 + cos(30)) = 92.4V , I dc = Vdc = 92.4 = 9.24 A
2π 2π R 10
Vm 1 sin(2 α )  220 * 2 1  π sin(2 * 30) 
From Eq. (3.3) Vrms = π − α + = π − +  = 153.3V
2 π 2  2 π 6 2 
Then, Irms=153.3/10=15.33A
P V *I 92.4 * 9.42
(a) Then, η = dc = dc dc = * 100 = 36.33%
Pac Vrms * I rms 153.3 * 15.33
2
Vac Vrms − Vdc2 153.32 − 92.4 2
(b) RF = = = = 1.324
Vdc Vdc 92.4
(c) ) The PIV is Vm =220* 2 =311.13V.

2- Single phase half-wave controlled rectifier is connected to 220 V, 50Hz supply to feed 5Ω resistor in
series with 10mH inductor if the firing angle α = 30 o .
(a) Find the DC and rms value of output voltage.
(b) Draw the waveforms of load, resistor, inductor voltages and load current.

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3- single phase full-wave fully controlled rectifier bridge is connected to 220V, 50 Hz supply to feed 5Ω
resistor, if the firing angle α = 40 o . Draw the load voltage and current, thyristor currents and supply
current. Then, calculate (a) The rectfication effeciency. (b) Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) of the
thyristor.

Vm 220 * 2 Vdc 174.9

Vdc = (1 + cos α ) = (1 + cos 40) = 174.9V I dc = = = 34.98 A
π π R 5
V sin(2 α ) 220 * 2 40 * π sin(2 * 40)
Vrms = m π − α + = π− + = 212.675V , Irms=212.675/5=42.535A
2π 2 2π 180 2
P V *I
(a) Then, η = dc = dc dc * 100 = 67.63% , (b) The PIV is Vm =220* 2 =311.13V.
Pac Vrms * I rms

4- In the problem 3, if there is a 5mH inductor is connected in series with the 5Ω resistor. Draw
waveforms of output voltage and current, resistor and inductor voltages, thyristor currents, supply
currents.

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5- Single phase full wave fully controlled rectifier bridge is connected to 220V, 50 Hz supply to feed the load
with 47 A pure dc current. The firing angle α = 40 o . Draw the load voltage, thyristor, and load currents.
Then, calculate (a) the rectfication effeciency. (b) Ripple factor of output voltage. (c) Use Fourier series to
fiend an expression for supply current. (d) THD of supply current. (e) Input power factor.

New axis

2 Vm 2 * 220 2 Vm
(b) Vm = 220 2 , Vdc = cos α = cos 40 = 151.73V , Vrms = = 220V
π π 2
The rms value of the transformer secondery current is: I S = I rms = 47 A ,

Pdc V *I 151.73 * 47 V V 2 − Vdc 2

2202 − 151.732
η= = dc dc = = 68.97% , (c) RF = ac = rms = = 1.05
Pac Vrms * I rms 220 * 47 Vdc Vdc 151.73
(d) Move the vertical axis by angle α , to make the waveform symmetrical around the new axis. As we see it is
odd function, then an coefficients of Fourier series equal zero, an = 0 , and
π
2 Io
bn =
2
∫ I o * sin nωt dωt = [− cos nωt ]π0 = 2 I o [cos 0 − cos nπ ] = 4 I o for n = 1, 3, 5, .............
π 0
nπ nπ nπ
4 Io 1 1 1 1
Then, i (ωt ) = * (sin ωt + sin 3ωt + sin 5ωt + sin 7ωt + sin 9ωt + ..........)
π 3 5 7 9
2
 
2   2
4 Io  IS   Io   2π 
Then, I S1 = , ∴ THD ( I s (t )) =   −1 = −1 =   − 1 = 48.34%
2π  4 Io   4 
 I S1   
 
 2π
I s1 4Io
(e) Input power factor = cos α = cos(40) = 0.69 Lag.
Is 2π I o

6- Solve problem 5 if the supply has a 3 mH source inductance.

 2ωLs I o   2 * 2π * 50 * 0.003 * 47 
u = cos −1 cos(α ) −  − α = cos −1 cos(40) −  − 40 = 21.23o
 V m   220 * 2 
2V
Vdc actual = Vdc without sourceinduc tan ce − Vrd = m cos α − 4 fLs I o
π
Vdc actual = 151.73 − 4 * 50 * 0.003 * 47 = 123.53V

∫ (220 * )
α +180 220
1 1
∫ (Vm sin ωt ) dωt =
2
2 sin ωt dωt = 204V
2
Vrms =
π α +u
π 40+ 21.23

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 2 I o2  π u  2 * 472  π 21.23 
Is = − = − = 45.12 A
π  2 3  π  2 3 
Pdc V *I 123.53 * 47
η= = dc dc = = 60.5539%
Pac Vrms * I rms 204 * 47
8I o u 8 * 47 * 180  21.23 
I S1 = * sin = * sin  = 42.07 A
2 πu 2 2 * π * 21.23 * π  2 
2 2
I   45.12 
∴ THD( I s (t )) =  S  − 1 =   − 1 = 38.76%
 I S1   42.07 
The power factor of this rectifier is shown in the following:
I  u  42.07  21.23 
p. f = s1 cos α +  = cos 40 +  = 0.5916 Lag
Is  2  45.12  2 

7- In the single-phase inverter of, VS = 120 V at 50 Hz, LS = 1.2 mH, Ld = 20 mH, Ed = 88 V, and the delay
angle α = 135°. Using PSIM, obtain vs , is , vd , and id waveforms in steady state.

8- In the inverter of Problem 7, vary the delay angle α from a value of 165° down to 120° and plot id versus
α . Obtain the delay angle α b , below which id becomes continuous. How does the slope of the
characteristic in this range depend on LS ?

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Solution: At α = 135 , Ed = Vd = Vdo cos α − ω Ls I d ,
π
2 * 120 * 2
Then, − 88 = cos(135) − 4 * 50 * 1.2 * 10 − 3 * I d , Then, I d = 48.36A
π
In the same way, for α is in the range of 135o to 165, I d is tabulated below:
α 120 125 130 135 140 145
I d (for Ls =0.8mH) 212.38 162.7 115.97 72.535 32.74 -3.12
I d (for Ls =1.2mH) 141.59 108.47 77.31 48.36 21.83 -2.08
I d (for Ls =2mH) 84.95 65.08 46.39 29.01 13.1 -1.25

It is clear that the delay angle α b , below which id becomes continuous is almost 145o. Any increase of the
source inductance value will decrease the sloop of the characteristic line.

9- In the three-phase full wave fully controlled rectifier is connected to 460 V at 50 Hz and Ls = 1mH .
Calculate the commutation angle u if the load draws pure DC current at Vdc = 515V and Pdc = 50 kW.
50 * 103 3 2 VLL
Solution: I o = = 97.09 A , Assume α < 60o , Then Vdc = cos α − 6 fLs I o
515 π
3 2 460
Then, 515 = cos α − 6 * 50 * 0.001 * 97.09
π
 2ω LS I o 
Then, α = 28.85o, Then, the assumption is true. u = cos −1 cos(α ) −  −α
 VLL 
 2 * 2 * π * 50 * 0.001 * 97.09 
Then u = cos −1 cos(28.85) −  − 28.85 = 9.696
o

 460 

10- In Problem 9 compute the peak inverse voltage and the average and the rms values of the current through
each thyristor in terms of VLL and I o .
Solution:
PIV= 2 VLL = 2 * 460 = 650.5 V
The rms values of the current through each thyristor in terms of I o is
I o 97.09
I T , rms = = = 56.06 A
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