OCCUPATIONAL

HEALTH & SAFETY

• Law of the country
• Stake holder requirement
• A social responsibility
Purpose:
• Assist you in managing your
occupational health and safety.
• Prepare you for the safety use of plant
and equipment.
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 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

To minimise
T i i i To minimise
T i i i
occupational industrial
health hazards accidental risks
Benefits of OH&S Management Systems
• Increase awareness of knowledge of
health & safety.
• A clear OH&S management structure
definingg areas of responsibility.
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• Provision of a healthier and safe work
environment.
environment
• A reduced risk of accidents and
occupational health.
Benefits of OH&S Management Systems
• A reduced lost time through employee ill
health & injury.
• Compliance with legislations &
regulations.
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• Increased employee morale &
recognition.
recognition
 OH&S Management Systems Includes:
• Carrying out RISK ASSESMENTS.
ASSESMENTS
• Identifying HEALTH HAZARDS.
• Minimizing ACCIDENTIAL RISKS.
• TRAINING & EDUCATING employees.
employees
• Providing a HEALTHY & SAFE WORK
ENVIRONMENT
Definitions
• Hazard – is a situation
situation, that has the
potential to harm a person, the
environment or damage property.
property
• Hazard Control – is the elimination or
minimization of risk associated with an
identified hazard.
Definitions
• Risk – is the probability (likelihood) of
harm or damage occurring from exposure
to a hazard and likely consequences of
that harm or damage.
• Risk Assessment – is the process of
evaluating the probability and
conseq ences of injury
consequences inj r or illness arising
from exposure to an identified hazard.
Hazard Management
11. Identify
2. Assess
3. Control
How can we identify hazards?
• Observation
• Consultation
• E
Experience
i
• Task analysis
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• Legislation
• K
Knowledge
l d
• p
Workplace inspections
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• Operating manuals
Potential Damaging Energy
• Kinetic
• Gravitational
• M h i l
Mechanical
• Electrical
• Chemical
• Radiation
• Pressure
• Thermal
How hazardous substances enter the body?

• Direct contact with skin – absorption

• Inhalation
• Ingestion
• Eye absorption
Risk Assessment
• How exposed to the hazard?
• What are the possible consequences of
exposure to the hazard?
• How possible or likely is they could be
injured?
 Risk Assessment
Probability
Very
V Highly
Hi hl
Likely Unlikely
Likely Unlikely
Life
High High High Medium
Conseq

Threatening
quence

Detrimental High High Medium Medium

Harmful High Medium Medium Low

Negligible
g g Medium Medium Low Low
 Workshop Safety
• Key components of Workshop Safety
– Hierarchy of controls
– Safe operating procedures (SOPs)
– Material safety data sheet (MSDS)
– Accident & Incident reporting and
investigation
 Hierarchy of hazard control
Eliminate the Eg: Remove noisy equipment.
equipment
1 hazard Purchase pre cut items.

If this
hi is
i not possible
ibl then
h

Eg: Lift smaller packages.

Substitute the hazard Use a less toxic chemicals.
2 with something of Electric forklift in place of a
l
lesser risk
ik petrol driven forklift.
forklift
Vacuum rather than sweep.
If this is not possible then
 Hierarchy of hazard control
Eg: Place barriers around a spill
Isolate the until
til cleaned
l d up.
3 hazard Locate photocopier in separate
well ventilated room
If this is not possible then

Eg: Provide a trolley to move

Use engineering heavy loads.
4 controls
l Place guards on moving
parts of machinery.

If this is not possible then

 Hierarchy of hazard control
Eg: Introduce job rotation, shorter
Use administrati
administrativee t k shifts,
task hift ensure equipment
i t is
i
5 controls maintained regularly, safe work
practices, instruction & training.
If this is not possible then

Use personal Eg: Provide hearing and

6 protective clothing eye
y pprotection,, hard hats,,
and equipment gloves, masks.
SOPs (Safe Operating Procedures)
• Where a specific hazard exists,
exists it is
necessary to have safe operating
procedures
d which
hi h clearly
l l describe
d ib how
h to
t
use the equipment safely. These SOPs
need to be easily read and understood and
in close pproximityy to the equipment.
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MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)
• MSDSs are supplied by the manufacturer of a
product. A manufacturer is required to provide
them to the purchaser.
purchaser
• Every chemical substance in the workplace
needs to have a printed MSDS from the
manufacturer to inform the user of the nature
of the product in use
use.
MSDS includes
Formula Exposure
p effects
Appearance Emergency first aid
U
Use P
Personnel l protection
i
Odour Waste disposal
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Storage Leak / Spill procedures
P
Permissible
i ibl exposure limits
li i (PEL)
Monitoringg and measuringg procedures
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Accident & Incident Reporting
Accidents and incidents need to be
reported within 24 hours. Supervisors are
responsible
ibl for
f the
th follow-up
f ll andd
investigation of all incidents and
accidents.
Classification of Industrial Accidents
Fatal Death Inform immediately to the police & chief Action &
factory inspection Engineer. Should not Record
disturb the scene of the accident until
their arrival

Major Permanent - Do - Action &

Disability Record
Minor Reportable Unfit for more than 3 days. Inform to the Action &
l b
labour Dept.
D t within
ithi a week.
k R
Record
d
Minor Non Unfit for 3 days or less Action &
Reportable Record
Near Non Accident occurs, but no injury Action &
Misses Reportable Record

Unsafe Non No accident, no injury Action &

Acts Reportable Record
 1
FATAL

2 MAJOR

20 MINOR REPORTABLE

30 MINOR NON
NON-REPORTABLE
REPORTABLE

40 NEAR MISSES

100 UNSAFE ACTS

ACCIDENT COSTS ICEBERG
Medical Expenses. Non
reportable Compensation

•Investigation Time
•Wages paid for time lost
•Decreed Output of Injured
worker upon return
• Damaged
D d caused
d tto property.
t
•Loss of morale of the fellow
workers.
workers
•Loss of business & good will.
• Everyone has a responsibility to themselves
and others to ensure a safe work
environment.

• Accidents and incidents must be reported

and investigated with corrective action
taken to prevent re-occurrence.
re occurrence
 Reasons for Accidents
Faults of the management
1 Detailing
1. D ili skilled
kill d workk to unskilled
kill d &
unsuitable persons
2 Use of unsuitable,
2. unsuitable machinery tools,
tools
equipment & materials
3 Non providing proper training
3. training, work
instructions and supervision of employees.
4. Not p providing
g required
q workingg facilities and
safety
5. Getting the employees to work continuously
f longer
for l periods.
i d
 Reasons for Accidents
Faults of Employees
• Carelessness
C l
• Lack of interest
• Mental worries
• Over confidence
• Violating safety regulations and safety
practices
• Physical/ mental disabilities
• Tiredness / sleepiness
 Duties of Employers
• To ensure as far as is reasonable practicable the
health safety and welfare of all his employees.
health, employees
• To maintain plant and systems of work as far as is
reasonably practicable safe and without risks to
health,
• To arrange as far as is reasonably practicable
practicable,
safety and absence of risk to health in connection
with the use,, handlingg storage
g and transport
p of
articles and substances.
 Duties of Employers
• To provide such information, instruction training and
supervision as is necessary to ensure so far as is
reasonably practicable,
practicable the health and safety at work of
all employees

• To prepare and revise when necessary a written

statement of his general policy with respect to the
health
ea t and
a d safety
sa ety at work
wo ofo hiss employees
e p oyees and
a d to bring
b g
it to their notice.

• A
An employer
l must conduct
d his
hi business
b i in
i suchh away
that even visitors are also not exposed to any risks of
their health and safety.
 Duties of Employees
• To take reasonable care for the health and
safety of himself and other persons who may
be affected by his acts or omissions at work.
• To
T co-operate t with
ith his
hi employer
l so far
f as is
i
necessary to enable him to comply with the
relevant
l t statutory
t t t provisions
ii relating
l ti tot
health and safety.
• Not intentionally or recklessly to interfere
with or misuse anything provided in the
interests of health, safety and welfare
 Duties of Manufacturers &
Suppliers
• Ensure they are designed and constructed
to be safe and without risk to health when
properly
l used.
d
• Carryy out research,, tests and examinations
to ensure the article is safe and without risk
to health and safety.
safety
• Ensure that there is adequate information
regarding
di theh use off the
h article.
i l
In addition the person installing or erecting
any article for use at work, must
ens re it is installed or erected so far is
ensure
reasonably practicable to be safe and
without any risk.
 Emergency Preparedness
• Identify
• How to inform
• A i Teams
Action T
• Resources ((Internal / external))
• Evacuation
• First Aid

• (Students to develop emergency preparedness Plan)

 Class of Fires & Fire Extinguishers

Switch
Sw tc
Off
Power

D – Chemical No No No Yes
Fires
 Factories Ordinance

• All occupational health and safety issues are

l i l t d in
legislated i Sri
S i Lanka
L k under
d the
th Factories
F t i
Ordinance 1950 and subsequent amendments
i 1976,
in 1976 1998 and d 2000
2000.