OSH & BOSH FRAMEWORK

LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION TO
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
& SAFETY PRACTICES
At the end of this lesson the students must be
able to;

1. Define occupational health & safety

practices.
2. Explain the purpose of occupational
health & safety practices.
3. Value the importance of occupational
health & safety in workplace.
 
1. Why do you think
Occupational Health & safety
practices is necessary in a
workplace?
2. What would happen if a
workplace didn’t practice or
follow occupational health and
safety practices?
  
What is Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)?

Occupational safety and health is a

discipline with a broad scope involving
three major fields – Occupational Safety,
Occupational Health and Industrial
Hygiene.
 Occupational Safety

deals with understanding the causes of accidents

at work and ways to prevent unsafe act and unsafe
conditions in any workplace. Safety at work
discusses concepts on good housekeeping, proper
materials handling and storage, machine safety,
electrical safety, fire prevention and control, safety
inspection, and accident investigation.
Occupational Health

is a broad concept which explains how the

different hazards and risks at work may cause
an illness and emphasizes that health
programs are essential in controlling work-
related and/or occupational diseases.
 Industrial Hygiene

discusses the identification,

evaluation, and control of physical,
chemical, biological and ergonomic
hazards.
 GOALS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
& HEALTH
Promote & maintain the highest degree of
physical, mental and social well-being of workers in
all occupations.
Prevent of adverse health effects of the working
conditions.
Place and maintain of workers in an occupational
environment adapted to physical and mental needs.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Accidents - is an unexpected, unforeseen, unplanned
and unwanted occurrence or event that causes damage or
loss of materials or properties, injury or death.
• Occupational accident - an unexpected and unplanned
occurrence, including acts of violence arising out of or in
connection with work which results in one or more
workers incurring a personal injury, disease or death.
• Occupational injury - an injury which results from a
work-related event or a single instantaneous exposure in
the work environment (occupational accident).
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Temporary incapacity - case where an injured person was
absent from work for at least one day, excluding the day of the
accident.
1) was able to perform again the normal duties of the job or
position occupied at the time of the occupational accident
2) will be able to perform the same job but his/her total absence
from work is expected not to exceed a year starting the day after the
accident
3) did not return to the same job but the reason for changing the
job is not related to his/her inability to perform the job at the time of
the occupational accident
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Permanent incapacity - case where an injured person
was absent from work for at least one day, excluding the
day of the accident
1) was never able to perform again the normal duties of
the job or position occupied at the time of the occupational
accident
2) will be able to perform the same job but his/her total
absence from work is expected to exceed a year starting
the day after the accident
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Fatal Case - case where a person is fatally injured as a
result of occupational accident whether death occurs
immediately after the accident or within the same
reference year as the accident.
• Frequency rate (RT) - is the number of occupational
accidents ( work stopped more than one day) arisen
during a period of 12 months by one million hours
worked.
• Incidence rate (IR) - is the number of new cases of a
disease divided by the number of persons at risk for the
disease.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

•Severity rate (SR) - is a calculation that gives a

company an average of the number of lost days per
recordable incident.
• Average workdays lost - refer to workdays lost
for every case of occupational injury resulting to
temporary incapacity.
 QUESTIONS
OR
CLARIFICATION?
LESSON 2 HAZARDS &
RISKS
IDENTIFICATION &
CONTROL
At the end of this lesson the students must
be able to;

1. Define hazard and risks.

2. Identify safety regulations in the
workplace
3. Differentiate the different types and
methods of hazards
 
Give some “what if”
situations that can cause any
accidents in workplace.
1. What is the difference
between hazard & risk?

2. Why do you think it is

necessary to identify hazards &
risks in workplace?
 HAZARD RISK

a source or situation is the likelihood of

with a potential to a person being
cause harm in terms
of injury, ill health, injured or receiving
damage to property, an adverse health
damage to the effect due to a
environment or a hazard.
combination of these.
 TYPES OF HAZARDS
 Physical - includes floors, stairs, work platforms,
steps, ladders, fire, falling objects, slippery surfaces,
manual handling (lifting, pushing, pulling), excessively
loud and prolonged noise, vibration, heat and cold,
radiation, poor lighting, ventilation, air quality
 TYPES OF HAZARDS
 Mechanical and/or electrical - includes
electricity, machinery, equipment, pressure
vessels, dangerous goods, forklifts, cranes,
hoists
 TYPES OF HAZARDS
 Chemical – substances that can cause harm
includes chemical substances such as acids or
poisons and those that could lead to fire or
explosion, cleaning agents, dusts and fumes from
various processes such as welding
 Four Possible Routes of Entry of
Chemical Hazards

1. Inhalation
2. Ingestion
3. Absorption
4. Injection
 TYPES OF HAZARDS
 Biological – hazards are caused by living organisms
includes bacteria, viruses, molds, mildew, insects,
vermin, animals that can cause adverse health impacts.
These health impacts can range from skin and
respiratory system irritation, to the transmission of
infections
 TYPES OF HAZARDS
 Ergonomics – this hazard is a result of physical
factors that can results in musculoskeletal
injuries. For example: a poor workstation setup in
an office, poor posture and manual handling.
 TYPES OF HAZARDS
 Psychosocial environment – hazards that can have an
adverse effect on an employee’s mental health or
wellbeing includes workplace stressors arising from a
variety of sources.
For example: sexual harassment, stress & workplace
violence
When considering the degree of risk that a hazard
poses to the employee, the ff. factors can influence risk
must be bear in mind
The frequency of exposure

The route of exposure

How severe the injury or adverse health

effect of exposure is
 Methods for Identifying
Hazards
o Review workers injury and illness records
o staying informed on trends and developments in
workplace health and safety
o reviewing the potential impact of new work
practices or equipment introduced into the workplace
in line with legislative requirements
o doing walk-through surveys, inspections or safety
audits in the workplace
 Methods for Identifying
Hazards
oconsidering OHS implications when analyzing work
processes
o investigating workplace incidents and `near hits'
reports
o getting feedback from employees
o Consulting with employees, health and safety
representatives and OHS Committee members
 LESSON 3
ORGANIZATIONAL
SAFETY & HEALTH
PROTOCOL
At the end of this lesson the students must
be able to;

1. Discuss safety protocols.

2. Demonstrate their commitment to

ensure health and safety measures in the
workplace 
1. What will happen if a
workplace didn’t have any safety
& health protocols?
 
 
 Internal Factors

 Safety Council
 Safety Protocols
 Education
 Conducting Safety Drills
 SAFETY COUNCIL
 These committees may be in charge of evaluating
workplace conditions and employee health risks,
and then taking the proper measures to make
sure the office is well-equipped to deal with any
threats.
 They are responsible for creating safety
protocols and performing safety drills
 SAFETY PROTOCOLS
 safety protocols allows companies to keep
written policies and procedures about how to
prevent hazards from occurring in the
workplace, as well as provide instructions on
how to respond if employees' health or safety
is threatened.
Example: Safety signs & symbols
 Classification of Safety Signs
1. Regulatory Signs - contain instructions. Failure
to comply with them constitutes an offense under
law, standing orders, company policy, etc.

2 types of Regulatory Signs

A. Mandatory signs
B. Prohibition signs
 A. Mandatory Signs
 are regulatory signs which indicate that an instruction
must be carried out.
 symbols are used they are white on a blue disc.
B. Prohibition Signs
 are regulatory signs which indicate that an action or
activity is not allowed.
 Symbolic shape used - red circle and slash over a black
symbol.
 Classification of Safety Signs
2. Warning Signs - which warn of a hazard or hazardous
condition that is not likely to be life-threatening
- The symbolic shape used on warning signs is black
triangle with yellow interior and black symbol
 Classification of Safety Signs
3. Danger Signs – signs which warns of a hazard or
hazardous condition that is likely to be life-threatening.
 Classification of Safety Signs
4. Fire Signs – Advise the location of fire alarms and
firefighting equipment. Fire signs contain a white symbol
and/or text on a red background
 Classification of Safety Signs
5. Emergency Information Signs – Indicate the
location of, or direction to, emergency related facilities
(exits, first aid, safety equipment, etc.).
 Classification of Safety Signs
6. General Information Signs – Communicate
information of a general nature in order to avoid
misunderstanding or confusion
 EDUCATION
 All workers are trained to recognize workplace
hazards and to understand the control measures
that have been implemented.
CONDUCTING SAFETY DRILLS
 Disaster drills are valuable because they teach
people how to respond in a time of urgency.
END