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Classification

1. Psychologist Howard Gardner proposed there are eight types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. 2. These eight intelligences can be grouped into three categories - language-related, person-related, and object-related. 3. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences holds that we all possess different combinations of these intelligences and can identify our strengths to help choose careers.

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15 views

Classification

1. Psychologist Howard Gardner proposed there are eight types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. 2. These eight intelligences can be grouped into three categories - language-related, person-related, and object-related. 3. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences holds that we all possess different combinations of these intelligences and can identify our strengths to help choose careers.

Uploaded by

Maria Tena Tapayan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION

CLASSIFICATION OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE BY HOWARD GARDNER

According to psychologist Robert Sternberg, as stated by Ruhl (2020),


intelligence is a mental ability vital for adaptation, shaping, and selecting any
environmental context. Moreover, Ruhl added that intelligence has been classified in
many ways such as higher abilities: abstract reasoning, mental representation, problem-
solving and decision making, also the ability to learn, emotional knowledge, creativity,
and adaptation to meet the demands of the environment. By that, Howard Gardner
proposed that there are eight (8) varies of intelligence and that everyone has distinct
intelligence in his book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligence (Cherry,
2021) The eight (8) kinds of intelligence are linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical,
spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. These said
intelligence variety can further be grouped as language-related, person-related, or
object-related.

Further, the language-related group includes linguistic and musical intelligence


for the reason that they are both engaged in auditory and oral functions which is
according to Gardner, central to the development of verbal and rhythmic skills.

Linguistic intelligence is the ability to effectively use words and language, this
involves both verbal and writing. According to Nuzzi, (2018) those with a high level of
verbal-linguistic intelligence are able to alter sentence grammar (syntax) and structure,
learn new languages in a short time, and often have a wide vocabulary. In addition, the
syntax is defined as “the arrangement of words in sentences, clauses, and phrases, and
the study of the formation of sentences and the relationship of their component parts.”
(Britannica, 2016) Thus, individuals who are linguistic intelligent are good in writing,
reading and memorizing.

Musical intelligence, on the other hand, is the ability to recognize and express
changes in rhythm, pitch, melody. The potential to compose and perform music and the
capacity to enjoy music and identify subtleness in its structure. It can be compared to
linguistic intelligence for its structure and origin since it uses the same auditory and oral
resources. This intelligence is linked to other parts of the brain, such as the performer’s
sharp bodily-kinesthetic intellect or the composer’s mastery of manipulating ratios,
patterns, and scales of music using logical-mathematical intelligence. Hence, individuals
with musical intelligence have a strong appreciation for music and enjoy playing musical
instruments.

Moreover, Person-related includes both interpersonal and intrapersonal


intelligence.

Intrapersonal intelligence, on one hand, is recognized with the ability to


differentiate and determine one’s strengths and weaknesses and is acknowledged
through knowledge and understanding of self. Therefore, individuals with intrapersonal
intelligence tend to be good at being aware of themselves, they love self-reflection and
assessing their strengths.

Interpersonal intelligence, on the other hand, is the ability to understand,


recognize, and appreciate the feelings and moods of others. Individuals with strong
interpersonal intelligence can get along with others, collaborate well, communicate,
empathize, and motivate others. Consequently, people who are interpersonal intelligent
are skilled in assessing emotions and relating to other people.

Furthermore, Object-related covers the four intelligence —logical-mathematical,


bodily-kinesthetic, naturalistic, and spatial intelligence —these are prompted and
involved by the objects one has encountered and experienced. These objects are
consisting of the environment’s physical features such as plants, animals, concrete
things, and abstractions or numbers that are used to organize the environment.

Logical-mathematical intelligence is the ability to see patterns, follow a sequence


of orders, do mathematical computations, develop categories and classifications and
use applied skills to everyday situations. Thus, individuals with logical-mathematical
intelligence are good at analyzing, reasoning, recognizing patterns, and doing
mathematical calculations.
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is shown in the development of the physical body,
athletic capacity, skills in manual, and comprehension of the wellness of physicality. It
covers the ability to do certain vital duties like those of the surgeons and mechanics,
and convey thoughts and feelings like artisans and performers. Therefore, people who
are bodily-kinesthetic intelligent are good at body movements, performing and
controlling physical actions.

Spatial intelligence, however, is demonstrated in three (3) ways. First, is the


ability to accurately perceive an object in the spatial realm. Second, is the ability to
represent one’s thoughts in two or three-dimension. Lastly, the ability to navigate an
object through space by imagining it rotated or seeing it from different perspectives.
Spatial intelligence has a strong visual component, nevertheless, the visual component
relates to one’s capacity to build mental representations of reality. Thus, individuals who
are spatially intelligent are doing well at visualizing.

Naturalistic intelligence entails the capacity to distinguish plants, animals, and


other elements of the natural world. Hence, people with naturalistic intelligence are
good at finding patterns and relating to nature. According to Nuzzi (2018), was included
later in Gardner’s theoretical model and is less well-known and less accepted than the
other seven. Most importantly, research on whether naturalistic intelligence meets the
condition of being able to be secluded in neurophysiology is still equivocal.

By and large, Multiple intelligence has eight (8) kinds of intelligence and it can be
grouped into three (3). The language-related include both linguistic and musical
intelligence. The person-related includes both intrapersonal and interpersonal
intelligence. Finally, the object-related cover the last four intelligence which are logical-
mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, and naturalistic intelligence. Gardner also
examined in 1999 whether a ninth intelligence exists, existential intelligence (Nuzzi,
2018) According to Kurt (2021), Gardner said that we all possessed all nine, but that
each of us excelled in various areas of intellect. These intelligence variations may be
developed with practice, however, they may also be ignored and weakened. Gardner’s
theory of multiple intelligence will help us understand that each one of us is unique in
our skills and intelligent in different aspects. This may also help us identify what career
choice we may choose in the future. Recognizing one’s intelligence may help nourish
strengths and improve weaknesses.
References

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2016, April 14). syntax. Encyclopedia

Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/syntax

Cherry, Kendra (July 28, 2021). Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Verywell

Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/gardners-theory-of-multiple-intelligences-2795161

Kurt, Serhat (2021, April 29). Theory of Multiple Intelligence-Gardner. Educational

Technology. https://educationaltechnology.net/theory-of-multiple-intelligences-gardner/

Nuzzi, R. J. (2018, November 5). multiple intelligences. Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/science/multiple-intelligences

Ruhl, C. (2020, July 16). Intelligence: definition, theories and testing. Simply

Psychology. www.simplypsychology.org/intelligence.html

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