Scribd
Upload
37 views5 pages

Poles and Zero

The document discusses poles and zeros of rational functions of the complex frequency s, which represent systems in the s-domain. Poles are values of s where the function becomes infinite, and zeros are values where it becomes zero. For a system to be stable, its poles must lie in the left half of the s-plane.

Uploaded by

m.bapardekar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
37 views5 pages

Poles and Zero

The document discusses poles and zeros of rational functions of the complex frequency s, which represent systems in the s-domain. Poles are values of s where the function becomes infinite, and zeros are values where it becomes zero. For a system to be stable, its poles must lie in the left half of the s-plane.

Uploaded by

m.bapardekar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Determine the impulse response h(t) of the following system. Assume zero initial conditions.

Poles and Zeros of Rational Function of s

Let X(s) be Laplace transform of x(t).

When X(s) is expressed as a ratio of two polynomials in s, then the s-domain signal X(s) is called a
rational function of s.

The zeros and poles are two critical complex frequencies at which a rational function of s takes two
extreme values, such as zero and infinity respectively.

Let X(s) is expressed as a ratio of two polynomials in s as shown in equation

X(s) = P(s)/ Q(s)


where, P(s) = Numerator polynomial of X(s) Q(s) = Denominator polynomial of X(s)

let us scale the coefficients of numerator polynomial by b0 and the coefficients of denominator
polynomial by a0 , and the equation can be expressed in factorized form as shown in equation

eqn 1

z1 , z2 , ....., zM = Roots of numerator polynomial,


P(s) p1 , p2 , ....., pN = Roots of denominator polynomial.

In equation 1, if the value of s is equal to any one of the root of numerator polynomial then the
signal X(s) will become zero.

Therefore the roots of numerator polynomial z1 , z2 , ....., zM are called zeros of X(s).

Since s is complex frequency, the zeros can be defined as values of complex frequencies at which the
signal X(s) becomes zero.

In equation 1, if the value of s is equal to any one of the roots of the denominator polynomial then
the signal X(s) will become infinite.

Therefore the roots of denominator polynomial p1 , p2 , ....., pN are called poles of X(s).

Since s is complex frequency, the poles can be defined as values of complex frequencies at which the
signal X(s) become infinite.

Since the signal X(s) attains infinte value at poles, the ROC of X(s) does not include poles.
Stability in s-Domain

ROC of a Stable LTI System

Location of Poles for Stability of Causal Systems

Here, the transfer function H(s) has pole at s = a.

If, a < 0, (i.e., if a is negative), then the pole will lie on the left half of s-plane, and from equation
(3.46) we can say that the causal system is stable.
If, a > 0, (i.e., if a is positive), then the pole will lie on the right half of s-plane. and from equation
(3.47) we can say that the causal system is unstable.

Therefore we can say that, for a stable LTI continuous time causal system the poles should lie on the
left half of s-plane.

General Condition for Stability in s-Plane On combining the condition for location of poles and the
ROC we can say that,

1. For a stable LTI continuous time causal system, the poles should lie on the left half of s-plane and
the imaginary axis should be included in the ROC.

2. For a stable LTI continuous time noncausal system, the imaginary axis should be included in the
ROC.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy