Model Wave:

45% 55%

ON OFF

Calculations:
We use timer 1 as timer

Counting frequency=fosc/12

Assume fosc=12MHz

Counting Frequency=1MHz

1 count=1 micro sec

1)count to be loaded in timer for ON time:

=max count-desired count+1

=65535- 450 +1

= ( 65086)—decimal

= ( FE3E )—hexadecimal

2)count to be loaded in timer for OFF time:

=max count—desired count+1

=65535-- 550 +1

=( 64986 )—decimal

=( FDDA )—hexadecimal
 Date:

Experiment 2

AIM: program for generating 1KHz square wave with duty cycle of 45% using timer 1 in mode 1 at
port 0 pin.

Apparatus:

1.Desktop \ Laptop

2. Keil 5 IDE

THEORY:

 The 8051 has two timers/counters, they can be used either as

 Timers to generate a time delay or as
 Events counters to count events happening outside the microcontroller.
 Both Timer 0 and Timer 1 are 16 bits wide
 Since 8051 has an 8-bit architecture, each 16-bit timer is accessed as two
separate registers of low byte and high byte
 Accessed as low byte and high byte
 The low byte register is called TL0/TL1 and
 The high byte register is called TH0/TH1
 Accessed like any other register

 MOV TL0, #4FH

 MOV R5, TH0
TMOD:

T1 T0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
G1 C/F M1 M0 G2 C/F M1 M0 =10H

TCON:

T1 T0 Interrupt
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
TF1 TR1 TF0 TRO IE1 IT1 IF0 IT0 =40H
  Both timers 0 and 1 use the same register, called TMOD (timer mode), to set the
various timer operation modes
 TMOD is 8-bit register
 The lower 4 bits are for Timer 0
 The upper 4 bits are for Timer 1
 In each case
 The lower 2 bits are used to set the timer mode
 The upper 2 bits to specify the operation

Observation Format:

Label Mnemonic Operand Opcode No of Memory Program in

Bytes address memory
1 ORG 00H
2 0000 1100 0010
MAIN CLR PO.1 C281 2 0001 1000 0001
3 ACALL DELAY 1 110A 0002 0001 0001
2 0003 0000 1010
4 SETB P0.1 D281 0004 1101 0010
2 0005 1000 0001
5 ACALL DELAY 2 111E 0006 0001 0001
2 0007 0001 1110
6 SJMP MAIN 80F6 0008 1000 0000
2 0009 1111 0110
7 MOV TMOD #10H 758910 000A 0111 0101
DELAY1 3 000B 1000 1001
000C 0001 0000
8 MOV TL1 #0DAH 758BDA 000D 0111 0101
3 000E 1000 1011
000F 1101 1010
9 MOV TH1 #0FDH 758DFE 0010 0111 0101
3 0011 1000 1101
0012 1111 1110
0013 0111 0101
10 MOV TCON #40H 758840 3 0014 1000 1000
0015 0100 0000
11 0016 0011 0000
WAIT1 JNB TF1 WAIT 308FFD 3 0017 1000 1111

0018 1111 1101

OUTPUT WAVE:
12 CLR TR1 C28E 2 0019 1100 0010
001A 1000 1110
13 CLR TF1 C28F 2 001B 1100 0010
001C 1000 1111
14 RET 22 1 001D 0010 0010
16 001E 0111 0101
DELAY2 MOV TMOD #10H 758910 3 001F 1000 1001
0020 0001 0000
17 MOV TL1 #3EH 758B3E 0021 0111 0101
3 0022 1000 1011
0023 0011 1110
18 MOV TH1 #0FEH 758DFE 0024 0111 0101
3 0025 1000 1101
0026 1111 1110
19 MOV TCON #40H 758840 0027 0111 0101
3 0028 1000 1000
0029 0100 0000
20 002A 0011 0000
WAIT2 JNB TF1 WAIT2 308FFD 3 002B 1000 1111
002C 1111 1101
21 CLR TR1 C28E 002D 1100 0010
2 002E 1000 1110
22 CLR TF1 C28F 002F 1100 0010
2 0030 1000 1111
23 RET 22 1 0031 0010 0010
END

RESULT: Generating a square wave of 1KHz with duty cycle 45% using timer 1 in mode 1 and port 0
pin is completed.