Studies 2016 May P2 [90 marks]

1a. [2 marks]
For an ecological study, Ernesto measured the average concentration ( y ) of the fine
dust, PM 10, in the air at different distances (x ) from a power plant. His data are
represented on the following scatter diagram. The concentration of PM 10 is measured in
micrograms per cubic metre and the distance is measured in kilometres.

His data are also listed in the following table.

Use the scatter diagram to find the value of a and of b in the table.

Markscheme
a=4.2 ; b=74 (A1)(A1)
1b. [4 marks]
Calculate
i) x , the mean distance from the power plant;
ii) y , the mean concentration of PM 10 ;
iii) r , the Pearson’s product–moment correlation coefficient.
Markscheme
i) 5.91(km) (A1)(ft)
ii) 88 (micrograms per cubic metre) (A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through from part (a) irrespective of working seen.
iii) − 0.956(− 0.955528 .. .) (G2)(ft)
Note: Follow through from part (a) irrespective of working seen.
1c. [2 marks]
Write down the equation of the regression line y on x .
Markscheme
y=− 5.39 x+120 ( y=−5.38955 . . . x +119.852. . .) (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for −5.39 . Award (A1)(ft) for 120. If answer is not an equation award
at most (A1)(ft)(A0). Follow through from part (a) irrespective of working seen.
1d. [4 marks]
Ernesto’s school is located 14 km from the power plant. He uses the equation of
the regression line to estimate the concentration of PM 10 in the air at his school.
i) Calculate the value of Ernesto’s estimate.
ii) State whether Ernesto’s estimate is reliable. Justify your answer.

Markscheme
i) −5.38955 . . .× 14+119.852. . . (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into their regression line.
¿ 44.4 (44.3984 . ..) (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Follow through from part (c). Accept 44.5 (44.54 ) from use of 3 significant figure
values.
ii) Ernesto’s estimate is not reliable (A1)
this is extrapolation (R1)
OR
14 km is not within the range (outside the domain) of distances given (R1)
Note: Do not accept “14 is too high” or “14 is an outlier” or “result not valid/not reliable” if
explanation not given. Do not award (A1)(R0). Do not accept reasoning based on the
strength of r .
2a. [5 marks]
A group of students at Dune Canyon High School were surveyed. They were asked which
of the following products: books (B), music (M) or films (F), they downloaded from the
internet.
The following results were obtained:
100 students downloaded music;
95 students downloaded films;
68 students downloaded films and music;
52 students downloaded books and music;
50 students downloaded films and books;
40 students downloaded all three products;
8 students downloaded books only;
25 students downloaded none of the three products.
Use the above information to complete a Venn diagram.
Markscheme

(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for labelled sets B, M and F inside a universal set (label U is not
required).
Award (A1) for 40 in central area.
Award (A1) for correct 10 , 12, 28 in the other intersecting regions.
Award (A1) for 8 , 20 and 17 in correct regions.
Award (A1) for correct 25.
2b. [2 marks]
Calculate the number of students who were surveyed.

Markscheme
8+12+20+ 10+40+28+ 17+25 (M1)
¿ 160 (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Award (M1) for adding all values. Follow through from their Venn Diagram.
2c. [3 marks]
i) On your Venn diagram, shade the set ( F ∪ M ) ∩B ′ . Do not shade any labels or values on
the diagram.

ii) Find n ( ( F ∪ M ) ∩ B′ ) .
Markscheme
i)

(A1)
ii) 20+28+ 17 (M1)
OR
(100+ 95− 68)−(10+ 40+12) (M1)
¿ 65 (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Award (M1) for addition of the correct values from their diagram. Follow through
from part (a) or (b) and part (c)(i).
2d. [6 marks]
A student who was surveyed is chosen at random.
Find the probability that
(i) the student downloaded music;
(ii) the student downloaded books, given that they had not downloaded films;
(iii) the student downloaded at least two of the products.

Markscheme

i) (
100 5
160 8
, 0.625 , 62.5 % ) (A1)(A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A1) for correct numerator, (A1)(ft) for correct denominator. Follow through
from part (b).

ii) (
20 4
65 13 )
, 0.308 ,30.8 % (0.307692 . ..) (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)

Note: Award (A1)(ft) for correct numerator, (A1)(ft) for correct denominator. Follow
through from part (a).

iii)
90 9
160 16( )
, 0.563 ,56.3 % (0.5625) (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)

Note: Award (A1)(ft) for correct numerator, (A1)(ft) for correct denominator. Follow
through from parts (a) and (b).
2e. [2 marks]
Dune Canyon High School has 850 students.
Find the expected number of students at Dune Canyon High School that downloaded music.

Markscheme
100
× 850 (M1)
160
Note: Award (M1) for their part (d)(i) multiplied by 850 .
¿ 531(531.25) (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Follow through from part (d)(i) or from part (b).
3a. [1 mark]
A distress flare is fired into the air from a ship at sea. The height, h , in metres, of the
flare above sea level is modelled by the quadratic function
2
h(t)=− 0.2t +16 t+12 , t ≥ 0 ,
where t is the time, in seconds, and t=0 at the moment the flare was fired.
Write down the height from which the flare was fired.

Markscheme
12(m) (A1)
3b. [2 marks]
Find the height of the flare 15 seconds after it was fired.

Markscheme
¿ (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution of 15 in expression for h.
¿ 207(m) (A1)(G2)
3c. [2 marks]
The flare fell into the sea k seconds after it was fired.
Find the value of k .

Markscheme
h(k )=0 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for setting h to zero.
¿ (A1)(G2)
Note: Award at most (M1)(A0) for an answer including K=− 0.743 .
Award (A0) for an answer of 80 without working.
3d. [2 marks]
Find h′ (t ).
Markscheme
′
h (t )=−0.4 t +16 (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for − 0.4 t , (A1) for 16. Award at most (A1)(A0) if extra terms seen. Do
not accept x for t .
3e. [3 marks]
i) Show that the flare reached its maximum height 40 seconds after being fired.
ii) Calculate the maximum height reached by the flare.

Markscheme
i) − 0.4 t+16=0 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for setting their derivative, from part (d), to zero, provided the correct
conclusion is stated and consistent with their h′ (t ).
OR
−16
t= (M1)
2×(− 0.2)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into axis of symmetry formula, provided the
correct conclusion is stated.
t=40(s ) (AG)

ii) − 0.2× 402 +16 × 40+12 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution of 40 in expression for h.
¿ 332(m) (A1)(G2)
3f. [3 marks]
The nearest coastguard can see the flare when its height is more than 40 metres above sea
level.
Determine the total length of time the flare can be seen by the coastguard.
Markscheme
h(t)=40 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for setting h to 40 . Accept inequality sign.
OR
M1
Note: Award (M1) for correct sketch. Indication of scale is not required.
78.2 −1.17(78.2099 . . .− 1.79005 .. .) (A1)
Note: Award (A1) for 1.79 and 78.2 seen.
(total time ¿) 76.4 (s )(76.4198 .. .) (A1)(G2)
Note: Award (G1) if the two endpoints are given as the final answer with no working.
4a. [3 marks]
The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt is a right pyramid with a square base. The pyramid is
made of solid stone. The sides of the base are 230 m long. The diagram below
represents this pyramid, labelled VABCD .
V is the vertex of the pyramid. O is the centre of the base, ABCD . M is the midpoint of AB
. Angle ABV =58.3∘ .
Show that the length of VM is 186 metres, correct to three significant figures.

Markscheme
VM
tan(58.3)= OR 115 × tan(58.3 ∘) (A1)(M1)
115

(
Note: Award (A1) for 115 i e
230
2 ) seen, (M1) for correct substitution into trig formula.
¿ (A1)
¿ (AG)
Note: Both the rounded and unrounded answer must be seen for the final (A1) to be
awarded.
4b. [2 marks]
Calculate the height of the pyramid, VO .

Markscheme
V O + 115 =186 OR √ 1862 −115 2 (M1)
2 2 2

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into Pythagoras formula. Accept alternative
methods.
¿ (A1)(G2)
Note: Use of full calculator display for VM gives 146.443 . ..(m).
4c. [2 marks]
Find the volume of the pyramid.
Markscheme
Units are required in part (c)
1 2
(230 × 146.188 .. .) (M1)
3
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution in volume formula. Follow through from part
(b).
3 3
¿ 2 580 000 m ( 2577 785 . . .m ) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: The answer is 2 580 000 m3 , the units are required. Use of OV =146.442 gives
3
2582271 . .. m
Use of OV =146 gives 2574466 . . .m3 .
4d. [2 marks]
Write down your answer to part (c) in the form a × 10k where 1 ≤ a<10 and k ∈ Z .
Markscheme
6
2.58 ×10 (m )
3
(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)

Note: Award (A1)(ft) for 2.58 and (A1)(ft) for ×10 6 .

Award (A0)(A0) for answers of the type: 2.58 ×105 ( m3 ) .

Follow through from part (c).
4e. [4 marks]
Ahmad is a tour guide at the Great Pyramid of Giza. He claims that the amount of stone used
to build the pyramid could build a wall 5 metres high and 1 metre wide stretching
from Paris to Amsterdam, which are 430 km apart.
Determine whether Ahmad’s claim is correct. Give a reason.

Markscheme
the volume of a wall would be 430 000 × 5× 1 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into volume formula.

2150000(m )
3
(A1)(G2)
which is less than the volume of the pyramid (R1)(ft)
Ahmad is correct. (A1)(ft)
OR
their part (c )
the length of the wall would be (M1)
5 ×1 ×1000
Note: Award (M1) for dividing their part (c) by 5000 .
516(km) (A1)(ft)(G2)
which is more than the distance from Paris to Amsterdam (R1)(ft)
Ahmad is correct. (A1)(ft)
Note: Do not award final (A1) without an explicit comparison. Follow through from part (c)
or part (d). Award (R1) for reasoning that is consistent with their working in part (e);
comparing two volumes, or comparing two lengths.
4f. [6 marks]
Ahmad and his friends like to sit in the pyramid’s shadow, ABW , to cool down.
At mid-afternoon, BW =160 m and angle ABW =15∘ .

i) Calculate the length of AW at mid-afternoon.

ii) Calculate the area of the shadow, ABW , at mid-afternoon.

Markscheme
Units are required in part (f)(ii).

i) 2 2 2
A W =160 + 230 − 2× 160× 230 ×cos (15 )
∘
(M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution into cosine rule formula, (A1) for correct substitution.
AW=86.1(m)(86.0689 .. .) (A1)(G2)
Note: Award (M0)(A0)(A0) if BAW or AWB is considered to be a right angled triangle.

1 ∘
ii) area= × 230 ×160 ×sin (15 ) (M1)(A1)
2
Note: Award (M1) for substitution into area formula, (A1) for correct substitutions.
2 2
¿ 4760 m ( 4762.27 . .. m ) (A1)(G2)

Note: The answer is 4760 m2 , the units are required.

5a. [3 marks]
Antonio and Barbara start work at the same company on the same day. They each earn
an annual salary of 8000 euros during the first year of employment. The company gives
them a salary increase following the completion of each year of employment. Antonio is
paid using plan A and Barbara is paid using plan B.
Plan A: The annual salary increases by 450 euros each year.
Plan B: The annual salary increases by 5 % each year.
Calculate
i) Antonio’s annual salary during his second year of employment;
ii) Barbara’s annual salary during her second year of employment.

Markscheme
i) 8450(euro) (A1)

ii) 8000 ×1.05 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for 8000 ×1.05 OR ( 8000 × 0.05 ) +8000 .
¿ 8400(euro) (A1)(G3)
5b. [4 marks]
Write down an expression for
i) Antonio’s annual salary during his n th year of employment;
ii) Barbara’s annual salary during her n th year of employment.

Markscheme
i) 8000+ 450 ( n −1 ) ( accept 450 n+7550 ) (M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution in arithmetic sequence formula; (A1) for correct
substitutions.

ii) 8000 ×1.05(n −1) (M1)(A1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution in arithmetic sequence formula; (A1) for correct
substitutions.

5c. [2 marks]
Determine the number of years for which Antonio’s annual salary is greater than or equal
to Barbara’s annual salary.

Markscheme
8000+ 450(n − 1) ≥ 8000× 1.05
n −1
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for setting a correct inequality using their expressions for (b)(i) and (b)
(ii). Accept an equation.
OR
list of at least 4 correct terms of each sequence (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct lists corresponding to their answers for parts (b)(i) and (b)
(ii).
6 (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Value must be an integer for the final (A1) to be awarded. Follow through from parts
(b)(i) and (b)(ii). Award (G1) for a final answer of 6.70018 . . . seen without working.
5d. [7 marks]
Both Antonio and Barbara plan to work at the company for a total of 15 years.
i) Calculate the total amount that Barbara will be paid during these 15 years.
ii) Determine whether Antonio earns more than Barbara during these 15 years.
Markscheme
8000 × ( 1.0515 −1 )
i) S15= (M1)(A1)(ft)
1.05 −1
Note: Award (M1) for substitution into geometric series formula and (A1) for correct
substitution of u1 and their r from part (b)(ii). Follow through from part (b)(ii).
OR
8000+ 8400+8820 . ..+15839.45 (M1)(A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through from part (b)(ii).
¿ 173 000(euro)(172629 . . .) (A1)(ft)(G2)

15
ii) S15= ( 2 ×8000+ 450 ×14 ) (M1)(A1)(ft)
2
Note: Award (M1) for substitution into arithmetic series formula and (A1) for correct
substitution, using their first term and their last term from part (b)(i), or their u1 and d .
Follow through from part (b)(i).
OR
8000+ 8450+8900 . ..+14300 (M1)(A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through from part (b)(i).
¿ 167 000(euro)(167 250) (A1)(ft)(G2)
Antonio does not earn more than Barbara
(his total salary will be less than Barbara’s) (A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for a final answer that is consistent with their part (d)(i) and (d)(ii).
Accept “Barbara earns more”. The final (A1) can only be awarded if two total salaries are
seen.

6a. [2 marks]
A function, f , is given by
−x
f (x)=4 × 2 +1.5 x − 5 .
Calculate f (0)
Markscheme
−0
4 ×2 + 1.5× 0 −5 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution of 0 into the expression for f (x) .
¿ −1 (A1)(G2)
6b. [2 marks]
Use your graphic display calculator to solve f (x)=0 .

Markscheme
− 0.538(−0.537670 . . .) and 3 (A1)(A1)
Note: Award at most (A0)(A1)(ft) if answer is given as pairs of coordinates.
6c. [4 marks]
Sketch the graph of y=f (x ) for −2 ≤ x ≤ 6 and − 4 ≤ y ≤ 10 , showing the x and y intercepts.
Use a scale of 2 cm to represent 2 units on both the horizontal axis, x , and the vertical axis,
y.
Markscheme

(A1)(A1)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A1) for labels and some indication of scale in the correct given window.
Award (A1) for smooth curve with correct general shape with f (−2)>f (6) and minimum to
the right of the y -axis.
Award (A1)(ft) for correct y -intercept (consistent with their part (a)).
Award (A1)(ft) for approximately correct x -intercepts (consistent with their part (b), one
zero between −1 and 0 , the other between 2.5 and 3.5).
6d. [4 marks]
The function f is the derivative of a function g . It is known that g(1)=3 .

i) Calculate g′ (1).
ii) Find the equation of the tangent to the graph of y=g (x) at x=1 . Give your answer in
the form y=m x +c .

Markscheme
i) ′ −1
g (1)=f (1)=4 × 2 +1.5 −5 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution of 1 into f (x).

¿ −1.5 (A1)(G2)

ii) 3=−1.5 ×1+c OR ( y −3)=− 1.5(x − 1) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of gradient and the point (1 , 3) into the equation
of a line. Follow through from (d)(i).
y=− 1.5 x+ 4.5 (A1)(ft)(G2)

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