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ME 2203 Engineering Materials: Dr. Kazi Md. Shorowordi

The document discusses crystallographic directions and planes. It defines how crystallographic directions and planes are specified and indexed. It provides examples of determining Miller indices for planes and drawing specific directions and planes.

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Tahmim Alam
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27 views7 pages

ME 2203 Engineering Materials: Dr. Kazi Md. Shorowordi

The document discusses crystallographic directions and planes. It defines how crystallographic directions and planes are specified and indexed. It provides examples of determining Miller indices for planes and drawing specific directions and planes.

Uploaded by

Tahmim Alam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture: 06

ME 2203 Engineering Materials


Topic: The Structure of Crystalline Solids (Contd.)
Materials Science and Engineering, WD Callister, Jr. and DG Rethwisch, 8th
Edition, SI Version, John Wiley and Sons, 2011 (Chapter 3)

Dr. Kazi Md. Shorowordi


Department of MME
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka - 1000
SIGNIFICANCE OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DIRECTIONS
• Crystallographic directions are used to indicate a particular orientation
of a single crystal or of an oriented polycrystalline material.

• Knowing how to describe these can be useful in many applications.

(i) Metals deform more easily, for example, in directions along which
atoms are in closest contact.

(ii) Another real-world example is the dependence of the magnetic


properties of iron and other magnetic materials on the
crystallographic directions.

– It is much easier to magnetize iron in the [100] direction compared to the [111]
or [110] directions.
– This is why the grains in Fe-Si steels used in magnetic applications (e.g.,
transformer cores) are oriented in the [100] or equivalent directions.

2
CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC PLANES
• In all but the hexagonal crystal system, crystallographic planes are specified by three
Miller indices as (hkl).

• Any two planes parallel to each other are equivalent and have identical indices.

• The procedure used to determine the h, k, and l index numbers is as follows:

1. If the plane passes through the selected origin, either another parallel plane must be
constructed within the unit cell by an appropriate translation, or a new origin must be
established at the corner of another unit cell.

2. At this point the crystallographic plane either intersects or parallels each of the three axes; the
length of the planar intercept for each axis is determined in terms of the lattice parameters a,
b, and c.

3. The reciprocals of these numbers are taken. A plane that parallels an axis may be considered to
have an infinite intercept, and, therefore, a zero index.

4. If necessary, these three numbers are changed to the set of smallest integers by multiplication
or division by a common factor.

5. Finally, the integer indices, not separated by commas, are enclosed within parentheses, thus:
(hkl). 3
4
EXAMPLE 1: Determination of Planar (Miller) Indices

5
EXAMPLE 2: Determining Miller Indices of Planes

6
EXAMPLE 03: Draw Directions and Planes
• [1-21]

• (-210)

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