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2 Lecture 2

The document outlines the properties of solids, highlighting their incompressibility, specific mass, and strong intermolecular forces. It also discusses Miller indices, which are used to describe crystal planes and directions, and their significance in characterizing crystal patterns. Additionally, it provides a simplified method for assigning Miller indices to cubic crystal systems.

Uploaded by

Dilshan Narankotuwa
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20 views10 pages

2 Lecture 2

The document outlines the properties of solids, highlighting their incompressibility, specific mass, and strong intermolecular forces. It also discusses Miller indices, which are used to describe crystal planes and directions, and their significance in characterizing crystal patterns. Additionally, it provides a simplified method for assigning Miller indices to cubic crystal systems.

Uploaded by

Dilshan Narankotuwa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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11/27/24

Properties of Solid

• They are incompressible, inflexible and mechanical strength.


• They have specific mass, volume and shape.
• Intermolecular force is physically powerful.
• Intermolecular distance is minute.

These properties indicate that the


molecules, atoms or ions make up a
solid are closely packed i.e., they
are held together by strong
forces and cannot move at
random.

Interrelations of chemical bonding, structure,


imperfections and properties

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Classification of Solids

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Miller indices

Miller indices are a set of integers (h, k, l) which are used to describe a
given plane in a crystal.

Importance:

i) Used to characterize the crystal pattern.


ii) Used to calculate the edge length of the unit cell.

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Notation Summary
• (h,k,l) represents a point

Negative numbers/directions are denoted with a bar on top of the number

• [hkl] represents a direction

• <hkl> represents a family of directions

• (hkl) represents a plane

• {hkl} represents a family of plane

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Miller Indices for Directions

• A vector r passing from the origin to a lattice point can be written as:
r=r1 a+r2 b+r3 c
where, a, b, c → basic vectors
and
miller indices → (r1r2r3)

• Fractions in (r1r2r3) are eliminated by


multiplying all components by their
common denominator.

• [e.g.(1,3/4,1/2) will be expressed as (432)

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Miller Indices (hkl): Indexing of Crystal Planes


• The orientation of a surface or a crystal plane may be defined by
considering how the plane (or any parallel plane) intersects the
main crystallographic axes of the solid.
• The application of a set of rules leads to the assignment of the
Miller Indices ,(hkl); a set of numbers which quantify the intercepts
and thus may be used to uniquely identify the plane or surface.

• The following treatment of the procedure used to assign the Miller


Indices is a simplified one (it may be best if you simply regard it as a
"recipe") and only a cubic crystal system (one having a cubic unit
cell with dimensions a x a x a ) will be considered.

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