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Vlan Hopping Attack

A VLAN hopping attack enables a threat actor to gain access to multiple VLANs on the same network without authorization. The attacker first breaches one VLAN to establish a foothold, then exploits features like double tagging, native VLANs, trunking protocols, or switch spoofing to access traffic in other VLANs. This can lead to exposure of sensitive data, network disruptions, and other security issues across many risk areas if not properly prevented or contained.

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182 views8 pages

Vlan Hopping Attack

A VLAN hopping attack enables a threat actor to gain access to multiple VLANs on the same network without authorization. The attacker first breaches one VLAN to establish a foothold, then exploits features like double tagging, native VLANs, trunking protocols, or switch spoofing to access traffic in other VLANs. This can lead to exposure of sensitive data, network disruptions, and other security issues across many risk areas if not properly prevented or contained.

Uploaded by

sethkartikeya08
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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VLAN HOPPING ATTACK

Virtual local area network hopping (VLAN hopping) is a method of attacking the
network resources of the VLAN by sending packets to a port not usually
accessible from an end system. The main goal of this form of attack is to gain
access to other VLANs on the same network. In VLAN hopping, a threat actor
must first breach at least one VLAN on the network. This enables cybercriminals
to create a base of operations to attack other VLANs connected to the network.

A VLAN hopping attack enables traffic from one VLAN to be seen by another
VLAN without the aid of a router. In a basic VLAN hopping attack, the threat
actor configures a host to act like a switch to take advantage of the automatic
trunking port feature enabled by default on most switch ports.
BELOW ARE THE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION FOR ETHERNET
NETWROKS

• Double Tagging (Q-in-Q):


Problem: Attackers can use double tagging to send frames that appear to
belong to a different VLAN than they actually do.
 Unauthorized access to multiple VLANs can lead to exposure of sensitive
data, intellectual property theft, and potential disruptions in critical
infrastructure. In sectors such as finance, healthcare, and government,
the compromise of sensitive information can have far-reaching
consequences, including financial losses and breaches of national security.
Solution: Disable or filter Q-in-Q tagging on ports where it's not necessary.
• Native VLAN Exploitation:
Problem: Attackers can exploit the use of a native VLAN (the default VLAN for
trunk links) to gain unauthorized access to traffic on that VLAN.
 Unauthorized access to the native VLAN can compromise the security of
the entire network, allowing attackers to intercept and manipulate traffic.
Critical infrastructure networks, including those in energy, transportation,
and telecommunications, could face disruptions and potential sabotage if
the native VLAN is exploited.
Solution: Avoid using a native VLAN on trunk links, or ensure that the native
VLAN is different from user VLANs.

• Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) Exploitation:


Problem: DTP can be manipulated by attackers to negotiate trunking and gain
access to multiple VLANs.
 Unauthorized trunk negotiation can result in attackers gaining control
over multiple VLANs, potentially leading to unauthorized access or data
manipulation. Large-scale enterprises and global organizations with
interconnected networks could face severe data breaches, impacting not
only their operations but also customer trust and confidence.
Solution: Manually configure trunk links and disable DTP where it's not needed.

• Switch Spoofing:
Problem: Attackers can spoof a switch to gain access to multiple VLANs.
 Spoofed switches can intercept and redirect network traffic, leading to
unauthorized access and potential data exfiltration. Financial institutions,
online services, and e-commerce platforms may suffer financial losses and
reputational damage due to compromised user data and transactions.
Solution: Implement port security features to restrict the number of MAC
addresses allowed on a port.
• VLAN Access Control Lists (VACLs) Bypass:

Problem: VACLs may be bypassed by attackers if not configured properly.


 Bypassing VACLs can allow attackers to evade network security measures,
potentially leading to the compromise of sensitive systems.Industries
such as defense, research, and development, where the protection of
intellectual property is crucial, may face espionage and theft of classified
information.
Solution: Regularly review and update VACL configurations to ensure they are
effective in controlling VLAN access.
Here are some key factors that are at risk when LAN security is
compromised:

• Data Confidentiality:
Risk: Unauthorized access to VLANs can lead to exposure of sensitive data.
Impact: Loss of confidentiality, potential data breaches, and unauthorized
access to proprietary information.

• Data Integrity:
Risk: Manipulation of network traffic can compromise the integrity of
transmitted data.
Impact: Altered or corrupted data, leading to misinformation, financial losses, or
operational disruptions.

• Network Availability:
Risk: VLAN hopping attacks can potentially disrupt network services.
Impact: Downtime, reduced productivity, and interruptions in critical business
operations.

• Business Continuity:
Risk: Network disruptions and security breaches can impact overall business
continuity.
Impact: Financial losses, reputational damage, and potential legal
consequences.
• User Privacy:
Risk: Unauthorized access to user data and communications.
Impact: Violation of privacy regulations, loss of user trust, and legal
consequences.

• Intellectual Property (IP) Protection:


Risk: Exposure of proprietary information through unauthorized access.
Impact: Loss of competitive advantage compromised research and development
efforts, and intellectual property theft.

• Regulatory Compliance:
Risk: Violation of industry-specific or regional regulations.
Impact: Legal consequences, financial penalties, and damage to the
organization's reputation.

• Financial Transactions:
Risk: Compromised security can lead to unauthorized access to financial
transactions.
Impact: Financial losses, fraudulent activities, and damage to the organization's
financial reputation.

• Operational Efficiency:
Risk: Disruptions in network services can impact day-to-day operations.
Impact: Reduced productivity, delays in service delivery, and increased
operational costs.
• Brand Reputation:
Risk: Security breaches can tarnish the organization's brand image.
Impact: Loss of customer trust decreased market value, and long-term damage
to the brand's reputation.

• Employee Productivity:
Risk: Network disruptions can hinder employees' ability to perform their duties.
Impact: Decreased productivity, frustration among employees, and potential
negative effects on morale.

• Supply Chain Security:


Risk: Compromised networks can impact communication and data exchange
within the supply chain.
Impact: Disruptions in the supply chain, delays in product delivery, and
potential financial losses.

• Critical Infrastructure:
Risk: In sectors like energy, transportation, and healthcare, compromised LAN
security can lead to disruptions in critical infrastructure.
Impact: Potential safety hazards, service outages, and threats to public safety.

• Incident Response Effectiveness:


Risk: Compromised LAN security can hinder effective incident response.
Impact: Delays in detecting and mitigating security incidents, allowing threats to
persist.

DONE BY- ZAIN SAEED

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