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Frog Dissection

1. The document provides instructions for a frog dissection lab. It lists the steps to open the frog and locate various organs, including the liver, heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, kidneys and urogenital system. 2. Students are asked to measure the small intestine and frog, remove and open the stomach, and label diagrams of organs. 3. The purpose is to learn frog anatomy through hands-on dissection and identification of major internal structures.

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117 views4 pages

Frog Dissection

1. The document provides instructions for a frog dissection lab. It lists the steps to open the frog and locate various organs, including the liver, heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, kidneys and urogenital system. 2. Students are asked to measure the small intestine and frog, remove and open the stomach, and label diagrams of organs. 3. The purpose is to learn frog anatomy through hands-on dissection and identification of major internal structures.

Uploaded by

2110038
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AL-MOTHANNA IYAD AL-MAHADIN 2110038

20/4/2023
Frog Dissection LAB

Student Guide to the Frog Dissection


Dissection Instructions
1. Place the frog in the dissecting pan ventral side up.
2. Use scissors to lift the abdominal muscles away from the body cavity. Cut
along the midline of the body to the forelimbs.
3. Make transverse (horizontal) cuts near the arms and legs.
4. Life the flaps of the body wall and pin back.

*If your specimen is a female, the body may be filled with eggs. You may need to
remove these eggs to view the organs.

Locate each of the organs below. Check the box to indicate that you found the organs.
1. Fat Bodies: Spaghetti-shaped structures that have a bright orange or yellow color, if you have a particularly fat
frog, these fat bodies may need to be removed to see the other structures. Usually, they are located just on the
inside of the abdominal wall.

2. Peritoneum: A spiderweb like a membrane that covers many of the organs; you may carefully pick it off to get a
clear view

3. Liver: The largest structure of the body cavity. This brown-colored organ is composed of three lobes. The right
lobe, the left anterior lobe, and the left posterior lobe. The liver is not primarily an organ of digestion, it does
secrete a digestive juice called bile. Bile is needed for the proper digestion of fats.

4. Heart at the top of the liver is a triangular structure. The left and right atrium can be found at the top of the heart.
A single ventricle is located at the bottom of the heart. The large vessel extending out from the heart is the conus
arteriosis.

5. Lungs Locate the lungs by looking underneath and behind the heart and liver. They are two spongy organs.

6. Gall Bladder Lift the lobes of the liver, there will be a small green sac under the liver. This is the gall bladder,
which stores bile. (Hint: it kind of looks like a booger)

7. Stomach Curving from underneath the liver is the stomach. The stomach is the first major site of chemical
digestion. Frogs swallow their meals whole. Follow the stomach to where it turns into the small intestine. The
pyloric sphincter valve regulates the exit of digested food from the stomach to the small intestine.

8. Small Intestine: Leading from the stomach. The first straight portion of the small intestine is called the
duodenum, the curled portion is the ileum. The ileum is held together by a membrane called the mesentery. Note
the blood vessels running through the mesentery, they will carry absorbed nutrients away from the intestine.
Absorption of digested nutrients occurs in the small intestine.

9. Large Intestine: As you follow the small intestine down, it will widen into the large intestine. The large intestine
leads to the cloaca, which is the last stop before solid wastes, sperm, eggs, and urine exit the frog's body. (The
word "cloaca" means sewer)
10. Spleen: Return to the folds of the mesentery, this dark red spherical object serves as a holding area for
blood.

11. Esophagus: Return to the stomach and follow it upward, where it gets smaller is the beginning of the
esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that leads from the frog’s mouth to the stomach. Open the frog’s mouth,
find the esophagus, poke your probe into it, and see where it leads.

Removal of the Stomach: Cut the stomach out of the frog and open it up. You may find what remains of the
frog's last meal in there. Look at the texture of the stomach on the inside. What did you find in the stomach?

Measuring the Small intestine: Remove the small intestine from the body cavity and carefully separate the
mesentery from it. Stretch the small intestine out and measure it. Now measure your frog. Record the
measurements below in centimeters. Frog length: _______ cm Intestine length ________ cm

Urogenital System
The frog's reproductive and excretory system is combined into one system called the urogenital system. You will
need to know the structures for both the male and female frog

Kidneys flattened bean-shaped organs located at the lower back of the frog, near the spine. They are often a dark
color. The kidneys filter wastes from the blood. Often the top of the kidneys has yellowish stringy fat bodies attached.

Testes in male frogs, these organs are located at the top of the kidneys, they are pale colored and roundish.

Oviduct’s females do not have testes, though you may see a curly structure around the outside of the kidney, these
are the oviducts. Oviducts are where eggs are produced. Males can have structures that look similar, but serve no
actual purpose. In males, they are called vestigial oviducts.

Bladder An empty sac located at the lowest part of the body cavity. The bladder stores urine.

Cloaca mentioned again as part of the urogenital system urine, sperm and eggs exit here.

Label the parts of the urogenital system.


Fat Fat Oviduct

Kidneys
Teste

Kidney

Cloaca
Eggs
Bladder Cloaca

Bladder

Post Lab Questions


1. The membrane holds the coils of the small intestine together: Mesentery
2. This organ is found under the liver, it stores bile: Gall Bladder
3. Name the 3 lobes of the liver: The right lobe, the left anterior lobe, and the left posterior lobe
4. The organ that is the first major site of chemical digestion: Stomach
5. Eggs, sperm, urine and wastes all empty into this structure: Cloaca
6. The small intestine leads to the: Large intestine
7. The esophagus leads to the: Stomach
8. Yellowish structures that serve as an energy reserve: Fat bodies
9. The first part of the small intestine (straight part): Duodenum
10. After food passes through the stomach, it enters the: Small intestine
11. A spiderweb like membrane that covers the organs: Peritoneum
12. Regulates the exit of partially digested food from the stomach: Pyloric sphincter valve
13. The large intestine leads to the Cloaca
14. Organ found within the mesentery that stores blood: Spleen

15. The largest organ in the body cavity: Liver


Label the Diagram
A. Esophagus
B. Left atrium
C. Stomach
D. Pancreas
E. Pyloric sphincter valve
F. Cloaca
G. Right atrium
H. Lung
I. ventricle
J. Liver
K. Gall Bladder
L. Small intestine
M. Large intestine
N. Artery

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