Trustworthiness
Trustworthiness
Credibility is a central issue in qualitative research, reflecting the extent to which the
findings accurately represent the experiences and perspectives of the participants. In the
study by Lincoln and Guba (2000), the authors argue that credibility is a crucial aspect of
qualitative research and propose a framework for establishing it. The authors assert that
credibility is determined by four interrelated criteria: transferability, dependability,
confirmability, and credibility itself. Transferability refers to the extent to which the findings
can be applied to other contexts or settings, while dependability refers to the consistency
and stability of the findings over time. Confirmability refers to the degree to which the
findings are based on the data rather than the researcher's biases or interpretations, while
credibility itself refers to the degree to which the findings are trustworthy and believable.
To establish credibility in qualitative research, Lincoln and Guba (2000) propose several
strategies, including prolonged engagement, triangulation, member checking, and audit
trails. Prolonged engagement involves spending sufficient time in the field to develop a
deep understanding of the context and build trust with the participants. Triangulation
involves using multiple sources of data or methods to verify the findings, while member
checking involves sharing the preliminary findings with the participants to ensure that they
accurately reflect their experiences. Audit trails involve documenting the research process
to allow for scrutiny and replication by other researchers.
Transferability refers to the degree to which the results of qualitative research can be
Transferred to other contexts or settings with other respondents – it is the interpretive
equivalent of generalizability (Bitsch, 2005; Tobin & Begley, 2004). According to
Bitsch (2005), the “researcher facilitates the transferability judgment by a potential
user through ‘thick description’ and purposeful sampling” (p. 85)
Transferability is an important concept in qualitative research that refers to the extent to
which research findings can be applied to different contexts or groups beyond the original
study sample. However, transferability should not be confused with generalizability, which is
the extent to which research findings can be applied to a larger population.