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Data Collection PPT G5

Data collection methods include surveys, interviews, and observations. Surveys gather data from many individuals to understand a group, interviews collect responses from individuals either through structured, unstructured, or semi-structured questioning, and observations watch behaviors in natural or controlled settings. Primary data is originally collected while secondary data has already been gathered.

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33 views16 pages

Data Collection PPT G5

Data collection methods include surveys, interviews, and observations. Surveys gather data from many individuals to understand a group, interviews collect responses from individuals either through structured, unstructured, or semi-structured questioning, and observations watch behaviors in natural or controlled settings. Primary data is originally collected while secondary data has already been gathered.

Uploaded by

krishagrengiapatricio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA COLLECTION

SUCH AS SURVEY,
INTERVIEW AND
OBSERVATIONS
PREPAIRD BY: GROUP 5
DATA COLLECTION
Data collection is the process of gathering and
measuring data, information or any variables of interest
in a standardized and established manner that enables
the collector to answer or test hypothesis and evaluate
outcomes of the particular collection. It can be
qualitative or quantitative. Data collection is a
systematic process of gathering observations or
measurements. Whether you are performing research for
business, governmental or academic purposes, data
collection allows you to gain first-hand knowledge and
original insights into your research problem.
TYPES OF DATA

PRIMARY DATA

SECONDARY DATA
PRIMARY DATA
• Data that are collected for the first time
by a researcher or collected from first-
hand experiences.
• Also called as a “raw data”.
• data are original or collected from the
source of origin.
Example:
• Survey
• Interview
• Observation
• Experiment
SECONDARY DATA
• Are those that have already been collected
by others. Second hand data.
• Data are available in the published and
unpublished form.
• Not original because these are already exist.

Example:
• ·Library
• ·Magazines
• ·Literature reviews
• ·Bibliographies
METHODS OF COLLECTING DATA

SURVEY

INTERVIEW

OBSERVATION
SURVEY
A survey is the process of collecting, analyzing
and interpreting data from many individuals. It
aims to determine insights about a group of
people. A survey goes much deeper than
questionnaire and often involves more than one
form of data collection.
INTERVIEW
This method the interviewer personally meets
the respondents and asks necessary questions to
them regarding the subject of inquiry. Usually a
set of questions or a questionnaire is carried by
him and questions are also asked according to
that.
TYPES OF INTERVIEW
Structured interview: a structured interview (also known as a
standardized interview or a researcher-administered survey) is a
quantitative research method commonly employed in survey
research. The aim of this approach is to ensure that each
interview is presented with exactly the same questions in the
same order. Structured interviews can help you see patterns
among responses, and it allows you to easilyB compare responses
between participants while keeping other factors constant. This
can mitigate research biases and lead to higher reliability and
validity.
Unstructured interviews: These interviews are free-flowing, with no
predetermined questions. The interviewer may have a general topic or
theme in mind, but the questions are not planned in advance.
Unstructured interviews are often used in exploratory research, where
the goal is to gain a deeper understanding of a topic. However,
unstructured interviews can be time-consuming and difficult to
analyze.

Semi-structured interviews: These interviews are a blend of structured


and unstructured interviews. While the interviewer has a general plan
for what they want to ask, the questions do not have to follow a
particular phrasing or order. Semi-structured interviews are often
open-ended, allowing for flexibility, but follow a predetermined
thematic framework, giving a sense of order.
Focus group interviews: These interviews are
presented to a group instead of one individual.
The questions are designed to encourage
discussion among the participants, and the
interviewer acts as a moderator. Focus group
interviews are often used in market research,
product development, and social science
research.
OBSERVATION
Observation: is a way of gathering data by watching
behavior, events, or noting characteristics in their
natural setting. Observation can be structured or
unstructured, depending on whether it follows a pre-
defined schedule or not. Also it has some advantages,
such as testing a hypothesis in real world, creating and
observing actual situations, and capturing nonverbal
communication.
TYPES OF OBSERVATION
Naturalistic observation: Researchers observe participants in
their natural environment without any manipulation or
interference. For example, observing animals in their natural
habitat.
Participant observation: Researchers immerse themselves in the
environment being studied and participate in the activities of the
participants. For example, a researcher studying a religious
group may attend their services and participate in their rituals.
Non-Participant observation: involves observing participants
without actively participating. This method is used to understand
a phenomenon by entering the community or social system
involved, while staying separate from the activities being
observed.
Controlled observation: Researchers observe participants in a
controlled environment, such as a laboratory, where they can
manipulate variables and control extraneous factors.
Uncontrolled observation: Researchers observe participants in an
uncontrolled environment, such as a public place, where they
cannot control extraneous factors.
Structured observation: Researchers use a
predetermined set of criteria to observe and record
specific behaviors. For example, observing how
many times a child laughs during a play session.

Unstructured observation: Researchers observe


and record behaviors without a predetermined set
of criteria. For example,
A observing how children
interact with each other during free play.
GRACIAS POR
ESCUCHAR!

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