SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

NORTON’S
THEOREM
Prepared by:
Engr. Mark Daries Q. Sardea
NORTON’S THEOREM
 Also called “Mayer-Norton Theorem”
 was independently derived in 1926 by Siemens &
Halske researcher Hans Ferdinand Mayer (1895–1980)
and Bell Labs engineer Edward Lawry Norton.
 a simplification that can be applied to networks made of linear
time-invariant resistances, voltage sources, and current
sources.
 At a pair of terminals of the network, it can be replaced by a
current source and a single resistor in parallel.
NORTON’S THEOREM
 States that:
“Any linear circuit containing
several energy sources and
resistances can be replaced
by a single Constant Current
generator in parallel with a
Single Resistor”
NORTON’S EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

where:
IN = Norton’s Source Current
IN RN IL RL RN = Norton’s Equivalent Resistance
RL = Load resistance
IL = Load current
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
 Using Norton’s Theorem, solve for the load
current of the circuit below.
R1 R2

RL
12V 9V
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
 Step 1: Short-circuit the load resistor, then compute for the
short circuit current (ISC) which is also equal to Norton’s
source current (IN).
R1 R2

12V ISC 9V
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
@Loop A
 By Mesh Analysis: 12 − 𝐼1 𝑅1 − 𝐼𝑆𝐶 𝑅𝑆𝐶 = 0
𝑅𝑆𝐶 = 0 ∶ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒
R1 R2
+ - - + 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐ℎ
12 − 10𝑖𝑎 − 0(𝑖𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏 ) = 0
I1 I2
12 − 10𝑖𝑎 = 0
Solving for ISC
+ 12
𝑖𝑎 = = 𝟏. 𝟐 𝑨 𝐼𝑆𝐶 = 𝑖𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏
12V ia ISC ib 9V
10
𝐼𝑆𝐶 = 1.2 − (−0.45)
@Loop B
- 𝐼𝑆𝐶 = 1.65 𝐴
𝐼𝑆𝐶 𝑅𝑆𝐶 + 𝐼2 𝑅2 − 9 = 0
𝑰𝑵 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟓 𝑨
0 𝑖𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏 + 20(−𝑖𝑏 ) = 9
−20𝑖𝑏 = 9
9
𝑖𝑏 = = −𝟎. 𝟒𝟓 𝑨
−20
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
 Step 2: Replace the sources
with its internal impedances. If R1 R2

the sources are ideal, simply

source and open-circuit every

resistance (RN) with points A

𝑹𝟏 𝒊𝒔 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝑹𝟐
A
−1 −1
1 1 1 1
𝑹𝒆𝒒 = + = +
𝑅1 𝑅2 10 20
B

𝑹𝒆𝒒 = 𝑹𝑵 = 𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 Ω
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
 Step 3: Draw the Norton’s Equivalent Circuit and solve
for the load current:
 Solving for IL by CDR:

𝑅N
𝐼L = (𝐼N )
𝑅N + 𝑅L
IN RN RL
1.65 A 6.667 Ω IL 40 Ω 6.667
𝐼L = (1.65)
6.667 + 40
𝑰𝑳 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟕 𝑨
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
 Checking by Mesh Analysis:
R1 R2
@ loop A
+ - - + By Cal. Tech.:
12 − 10𝑖𝑎 − 40(𝑖𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏 ) = 0
I1 I2 𝒊𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟕𝟏
12 − 10𝑖𝑎 − 40𝑖𝑎 + 40𝑖𝑏 = 0
+ −𝟓𝟎𝒊𝒂 + 𝟒𝟎𝒊𝒃 = −𝟏𝟐 → 𝑬𝒒. 𝟏 𝒊𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟒
RL
12V
ia IL ib 9V
@ loop B Solving for IL :
-
40 𝑖𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏 + 20(−𝑖𝑏 ) − 9 = 0 𝐼𝐿 = 𝑖𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏
40𝑖𝑎 − 40𝑖𝑏 − 20𝑖𝑏 = 9 𝐼𝐿 = 0.2571 − 0.0214
𝟒𝟎𝒊𝒂 − 𝟔𝟎𝒊𝒃 = 𝟗 → 𝑬𝒒. 𝟐 𝑰𝑳 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟕 𝑨
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
 Using Norton’s Theorem, solve for the load
current of the circuit below.
R1 R2

RL
10V 2A
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
 Step 1: Step 1: Short-circuit the load resistor, then compute for
the short circuit current (ISC) which is also equal to Norton’s
source current (IN).
R1 R2

10V
ISC 2A
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
 By Mesh Analysis:
R1 R2
@Loop A Solving for ISC
+ - - +
10 − 𝐼1 𝑅1 − 𝐼𝑆𝐶 𝑅𝑆𝐶 = 0 𝐼𝑆𝐶 = 𝑖𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏
I1 I2 10 − 50𝑖𝑎 − 0(𝑖𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏 ) = 0 𝐼𝑆𝐶 = 0.2 − (−2)
10 − 50𝑖𝑎 = 0
𝐼𝑆𝐶 = 2.2 𝐴
+ 10
𝑖𝑎 = = 𝟎. 𝟐 𝑨 𝑰𝑵 = 𝟐. 𝟐 𝑨
10V
ia ISC ib 2A 50
- @Loop B
𝑖𝑏 = −𝟐 𝑨
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
 Step 2: Replace the sources
with its internal impedances. If R1 R2

the sources are ideal, simply

source and open-circuit every 2A

resistance (RN) with points A

R1

A By examining the circuit:

B 𝑹𝒆𝒒 = 𝑹𝑵 = 𝟓𝟎Ω
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
 Step 3: Draw the Thevenin’s Equivalent Circuit and
solve for the load current:
 Solving for IL by CDR:

𝑅N
𝐼L = (𝐼N )
𝑅N + 𝑅L
IN RN RL
2.2 A 50 Ω IL 50 Ω 50
𝐼L = (2.2)
50 + 50
𝑰𝑳 = 𝟏. 𝟏 𝑨
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
 Checking by Mesh Analysis:
R1 R2
@ loop B
+ - - + Solving for IL :
𝒊𝒃 = −𝟐 𝑨
I1 I2 𝐼𝐿 = 𝑖𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏
+ @ loop A 𝐼𝐿 = −0.9 − −2
RL
10 − 50𝑖𝑎 − 50(𝑖𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏 ) = 0 𝑰𝑳 = 𝟏. 𝟏 𝑨
10V ia IL ib 2A
10 − 50𝑖𝑎 − 50(𝑖𝑎 − (−2)) = 0
-
10 − 50𝑖𝑎 − 50𝑖𝑎 − 100 = 0
−100𝑖𝑎 = 90
𝒊𝒂 = −𝟎. 𝟗 𝑨
 THANK YOU
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