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Magnetic Field Notes

Magnets attract iron and have north and south poles. Unlike poles attract and like poles repel. A freely suspended magnet will align itself along an approximate north-south axis. Electric currents produce magnetic fields according to the right hand rule, and magnetic fields exert forces on currents. Electromagnets use this principle and can be stronger than permanent magnets but their strength and polarity can be controlled.

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337 views7 pages

Magnetic Field Notes

Magnets attract iron and have north and south poles. Unlike poles attract and like poles repel. A freely suspended magnet will align itself along an approximate north-south axis. Electric currents produce magnetic fields according to the right hand rule, and magnetic fields exert forces on currents. Electromagnets use this principle and can be stronger than permanent magnets but their strength and polarity can be controlled.

Uploaded by

roverstechnical
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Magnet is any substance that attracts iron or iron-like substances.

Properties of Magnet
(i) Every magnet has two poles i.e., North and South.
(ii) Likepoles repel each other.
(iii)Unlike poles attract each other.
(iv)A freely suspended bar magnet aligns itself in nearly north-south
direction, with its north pole towards north direction.

N S

Domestic Safety measure


electric circuits
Fuse Earth
Magnet and its
wire properties

MAGNETIC Magnetic field lines


Fleming right hand rule. EFFECT OF
Electromagnetic induction. & properties.
Generator
ELECTRIC Right hand thumb rule.
CURRENT

Solenoid
Electro magnet
Fleming left hand rule
Electric motor
Magnetic Field : The area around a magnetic in which its magnetic force can
be experienced.
" Its SI unit is Tesla (T).
Magnetic field has both magnitude and direction.
Magnetic feld can be described with help of a magnetic compass.
The needle of a magneticcompass is afreely suspended bar magnet.
Characteristics of Field Lines

(i)) Fieldlines arise from North pole and end into South pole of the magnet.
(ii) Field lines are closed curves.
(iii)Field lines are closer in stronger magnetic field.
(iv)Fieldlines never intersect each other as for two lines to intersect, there
must be two north directions at a point, which is not possible.

(v) Directionof field lines inside a magnet is from South to North.


(vi)Therelative strengthofmagneticfieldisshown by degree ofclosenessoffield
lines.
Magnetic Field of a Bar Magnet

H. C. Oersted was the first person to state that electric current has magnetic
field.
Right Hand Thumb Rule
Imagine you are holding a current carrying straight conductor in your right
hand such that the thumb is pointing towards the direction of current. Then the
fingerswrapped around the conductor give the direction of magnetic field.

Magnetic Field

Current

Magnetic FicldDue to Current Through a Straight Conductor


It can be represented by concentric circles at every point on conductor.
Direction can be given by right hand thumb rule or compass.
Circles are closer near the conductor.
Magnetic field Strength of current
Magnetic field -
Distance from conduction

Magnetic Field Due to Current Through a Circular Loop


It can be represented by concentric circle at every point.
Circles become larger and larger as we move away.
Every point on wire carrying current would give rise to magnetic field
appearing as straight line atcentre of the loop.
The direction of magnetic field inside the loop is same.
Factors affecting magnetic field of a circular current carrying conductor
Magnetic field c Current passing through the conductor
Magnetic field c Distance from conduction
Magnetic field No. of turns in the coil
Magnetic field is additive in nature i.e., magnetic field of one loop adds up to
magnetic field of another loop. This is because the current in each circular
turn has some direction.
Solenoid
A coil of many circular turns of insulated copper wire wrapped closely in a
cylindrical form.
Magneticfield of asolenoid is similar to that of a bar magnet.
Magnetic field is uniform inside the solenoid and represented by parallel field
lines.
Direction of magnetic field
(i) Outside the solenoid : North to South
(ii) Inside the solenoid : South to North
Solenoid can be used to magnetise a magnetic material like soft iron.
Electromagnet Permanent Magnet
1. It is a temporary magnet, So, 1. Cannot be easily
can be easily demagnetised. demagnetised.
2. Strength can be varied. 2. Strength is fixed.
3. Polarity can be reversed. 3. Polarity cannot be reversed.
4. Generally strong magnet. 4. Generally weak magnet.
Force Current carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field

Andre Marie Ampere suggested that the magnet also exerts an equal and
opposite force on a current carrying conductor.

t
The displacement in the conductor is the maximum when the direction of
current is at right angle to the direction of magnetic field.
Direction of force is reversed on reversing the direction of current.
Fleming s Left Hand Rule
Stretch the thumb,fore finger and middle finger of your left hand such that they
are mutually perpendicular. If fore finger points in the direction of magnetic
field, middle finger in the direction of current then thumb will point in the
direction of motion or force.

Field Field

Thumb-Motion Current
Force

Current
Alternate Current (A. C.) :The current which reverses its direction periodically.
1
In India, A. C. reverses its direction in every 100 second.
1
1 1-1
Time period = 100 100 50S
1

Frequency = Time period


1
= 1/50 50 Hz

Advantage
A. C. can be transmittedover long distance without much loss of energy.
Disadvantage
A.C. cannot be stored.
Direct Current (D. C.) :The current which does not reverse its direction.
D. C. can be stored.
Loss of energy during transmission over long distance is high.
Sourcesof D. C. : Cell, Battery, Storage cells.
DomesticElectric Circuits
There are three kinds of wires used:
() Live wire (positive) with red insulation cover.
(i) Neutral wire (negative) with black insulation cover.
(iii)Earth wire with green insulation cover.
The potential difference between live and neutral wire in India is 220 V.
Pole ’ Main supply ’ Fuse ’ Electricity meter ’ Distribution box ’ To
separate circuits

Earth
wire
Live
wire
Neutral
wire
Electricity Electricity
Board's fuse meter Distribution
box containing
main switch and fuses
for each circuit
Earth Wire : Protects us from electric shock in case of leakage of current
especially in metallic body appliances. It provides a low resistance path for
current in case of leakage of current.
Short Circuit : When live wire comes in direct contact with neutral wire
accidently.
Resistance of circuit becomes low.

Can result in overloading.


Overloading :When current drawn is more than current carrying capacity of a
conductor, it results in overloading.
Causes of overloading :
(i) Accidental hike in voltage supply.
(ii) Use of more than one appliance in a single socket.
Safety devices :
(i) Electric fuse
(ii) Earth wire
(iii)MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)

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