LEA 2: INDUSTRIAL SECURITY 2.

Second Line of Defense

MANAGEMENT
>Doors, Floors, walls, roofs
DEFINITION OF SECURITY
>Windows – below 18 feet must be installed by
- Generally, the meaning of security is a kind of grill.
state where people, institution, authority or groups feel
fully secured of feeling, free from any threat or 3. Third Line of Defense
vulnerability from somewhere or someone in his/her life,
liberty, property or activity. It could be in physical, > Cabinets, locks, safes, vaults, interior file rooms
psychological, social or economical form.
- It is a state or quality of being secured, freedom Perimeter barrier/fences – a medium or structure which
from fear or danger, assurance, certainty. defines the physical limits of an installation or area to
- It is the degree of protection against danger, loss, restrict or impede access thereto.
and criminals. - Protection against any type of crime to
safeguard life and assets by various methods and device.
TYPES OF PHYSICAL BARRIER:

THREE MAJOR AREAS OF SECURITY

1. NATURAL BARRIER – include mountains, rivers,
seas, desserts or terrain difficult to traverse. To be fully
1. Physical Security effective, these barriers must be under surveillance of
2. Personnel Security guards.
3. Document and Information Security
2.STRUCTURAL OR MAN-MADE BARRIER – structural
TYPES OF SECURITY constructions made by man like fences, walls, floors,
roofs, grill or other physical means to deter or impede
1. PHYSICAL SECURITY – a system of barriers placed penetration.
between the potential intruder and the objects/matter to
be protected. It is the broadest branch of security, which 3. Human Barrier – Security guards
is concerned with physical measures adopted to prevent and employees of the
unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, materials establishment.
and documents and to safeguard them against 4. Animal Barrier – animals are used in partially
espionage, sabotage, damage and theft. providing a guarding system like dogs and greese.
5. Energy Barrier – It is the employment of
SECURITY HAZARD – An act or condition which results mechanical, electrical, electronic energy imposes a
in a situation conducive to a breach of the protection deterrent to entry by the potential intruder.
system and the subsequent loss or compromise, or
damage to personnel, property or facilities. TYPES OF PERIMETER BARRIER

KINDS OF HAZARDS 1. SOLID FENCE – Constructed in such a way that

visual access through the fence is denied. Its advantage
1. Man –Made Hazards – an acts or conditions is that it denies the opportunity for the intruder to become
affecting the safe of operation of the facility caused by familiar with the personnel, activities and the scheduled
human action, accidental or intentional. movements of the security personnel. On the other hand,
it prevents the guards from observing the area around the
It includes sabotage, espionage, pilferage and theft. installation and it creates shadow that may be used by the
intruder for cover and concealment.
2. Natural Hazard – cause by natural phenomena
which cause damage, disturbance and problems of WALL – Masonry wall should have the same as the chain
normal functioning activities, including security. It includes linked and surrounded by the barbed wire as top guard.
flood, lighting, storms and volcanic eruptions.
2. FULL VIEW FENCE – It is constructed in such a
THE EXTENT OF DEGREE OF RISK TO SECURITY way that visuals access is permitted through the fence. Its
WILL BE DEFENDANT ON THE FOLLOWING: advantage is, that it allows the security personnel to keep
the surrounding of the installation under observation. On
1. RELATIVE CRITICALITY OF OPERATIONS – is the other hand, it allows the intruder to become familiar
the importance of the firm which reference to the national with the movements of the security personnel.
economy and security.
2. RELATIVE VULNERABILITY – The TYPES OF FULL VIEW FENCE 1. CHAIN LINK FENCE
susceptibility of the plant or establishment to damage,
loss, or disruption of operation due to various hazard. - Should be constructed minimum height of 7 feet
excluding top guard;
BARRIER – can be defined as any structure or physical - 9 gauges or heavier;
device capable of restricting, deterring, delaying, illegal - Mesh openings of not larger 2 inches per side;
access to an installation. - Twisted;
- Securely fastened to rigid material or reinforced
THREE LINES OF PHYSICAL DEFENSE 1. First Line concrete;
of Defense - Reach within 2 inches of hard ground or paving;
- On soft ground, it must reach below surface
>Perimeter fences/barriers deep enough to compensate for shifting soil or
sand.
>Guards at the gate
2. BARBED WIRE FENCE – is a type of fencing wire 2. Standby Lighting – similar to continuous lighting but
constructed with sharp edges or points arranged at can be turned on manually or by special device or other
intervals along the strand(s). It is used to construct automatic means, when there is a suspicion of entry.
inexpensive fences. 3. Emergency Lighting – stand by lighting which can be
utilized in the event of electrical failure.
SPECIFICATIONS OF BARBED WIRE FENCE
TYPES OF LIGHT LAMPS
>Standard barbed wire is twisted double strand,
12 gauge wires, with 4 point barb spaced on 1. Incandescent Lamps – These are common light
equal distant part; >Barbed wire fencing should bulbs that are found in every home. They have the
not be less than 7 feet high, excluding the top advantage of providing instant illumination when the
guard; switch is thrown and most commonly used protective
lighting system
>Barbed wire fencing must be firmly affixed to 2. Gaseous –Discharge Lamp- The use of these in
post not more than 6 feet apart; protective lighting is limited since it require a period of two
to five minutes to light when they are cold and even
>The distance between strands will not exceed 6 longer period to light, when hot, after power interruption.
inches and at least one wire will be interlock and
midway between posts. - It is very economical to use but for industrial security, it
is not acceptable due to long time of lighting.
3. Concertina Wire or Dannert Wire – is a type of barbed
wire or razor wire that is formed in large coils which can >Mercury Vapor Lamps – It gives a blue green
be expanded like a concertina. Opened concertina wire is color light due to the presence of mercury vapor.
50 feet long and 3 feet diameter.
>Sodium Vapor Lamp – lamps emits yellow
ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE BARRIERS light. It is an efficient bulb and due to its color, this
light lamps are used in areas where insect
1. Top Guard- an addition overhang or barbed wire predominate. Amber color does not attract
place on vertical perimeter fences facing upward and insects at night.
outward with a 45 degree angle with three to four strands
of barbed wires space six inches apart. This will increase 3. Quarts Lamp – It is a lamp that emits very bright white
the protective height and prevent easy access. light and instant on almost as rapidly as the incandescent
2. Entry Stations – provided at main perimeter lamp. They are frequently used at very high wattage and
entrances to secure areas located out of the doors, and they are excellent for use along the perimeter barrier.
manned by guards on a full time basis.
3. Towers – a house like structures above the TYPES OF LIGHTING EQUIPMENT
perimeter barrier. Height of tower increases the range of
observation during day and night with artificial 1. Floodlights – project light in a concentrated beam. Best
illumination. used in boundaries, building or fences. It is also known
4. Clear Zones – unobstructed area maintain on as reflectorized or spotlight.
both sides of the perimeter barrier. It affords better 2. Searchlight – Highly focused incandescent lamps.
observation and patrol movement. It should be cleared of 3. Fresnel lights – Wide beam unit, primarily to extend the
anything that may provide concealment or assistance to illumination in long horizontal strips. It projects a narrow
a person seeking an authorized entry. horizontal beam which is approximately 180 degrees in
the vertical plane.
PROTECTION IN DEPTH – In large open areas or 4. Street lights – Produced diffused light rather than
ground, where fencing or walling is impracticable and direction beam. They are widely used in parking areas.
expensive, warning signs should be conspicuously
placed. The depth itself is protection. PROTECTIVE ALARMS – is an aural or visual signal
given by the annunciator to the security when intruder
Signs and Notices – erected where necessary in the actuate certain devices in a protected area.
management of unauthorized ingress and preclude
accidental entry. Basically, alarm system is designed to alert
security personnel of a attempted or consummated
SECURITY LIGHTING – provides sufficient illumination to intrusion into an area, building or compound. Each type of
areas during hours of darkness. alarm is activated in the event that an intruder tampers
with the circuitry, a beam or radiated waves. Alarm is also
TYPES OF SECURITY LIGHTING for fire, smoke, or other emergencies and presence of
hazards.
1. Stationary Luminary – most common type consisting
of fixed series of luminaries. It is commonly used on TYPES OF PROTECTIVE ALARM
entry gates of employees and vehicles.
1. Central Station System – A type of alarm where
>Glare Protection Type – The intensity the central station is located outside of the installation. It
is focused to the intruder while the is a system in which the alarm signal is relayed to remote
observer or the guard remain in panel located at the facilities of private owned protection
comparative darkness. Service Company manned by its personnel. Several
separate compounds tie their alarm system to a central
>Controlled lighting – The lighting is focused on station so that in case of need, the central station calls for
assistance to the police, fire department, hospital or with
certain objects than the background. other government assisting units.
2. Proprietary System – Similar to the central Type of Locks
station type excepts that the proprietary console is
located inside the subscribers installation who owns or 1. Key – Operated Lock – It uses some sort of
bases the system. arrangement of internal physical barriers which prevent
3. Auxiliary System – An installation owned the lock from operating unless they are properly aligned.
system which is a direct extension of the local The key is the device used to align these internal barriers
enforcement agency and/or fire department by special so that the lock may be operated.
arrangements. 2. COMBINATION LOCK – a lock that requires
4. Local Alarm System – a local alarm in which a manipulation of parts according to a predetermined
siren or bell is sounded with no predictable response. This combination code of numbers. Most of this lock has three
system is used in residence or small establishment which dials but some locks have four dials for greater security.
cannot afford a respond system. - Consists of rigging up 3. CARD OPERATED LOCK/CODED LOCK – type
a visual or audible alarm near the object to be protected. of lock that can be opened by inserting a coded card in a
5. Dial Alarm System – This system is set to dial a slot in the lock, or by pushing the correct button on the
predetermined number. When the alarm is activated, the surface of the lock.
number selected might be the police station or others. 4. ELECTRONIC LOCK – type of lock that can be
When the phone is answered, a recording voice will state closed and opened remotely by electronic means.
that an intrusion is in progress.
BIOMETRICS – A machine that can be used for
TYPES OF BANK ALARM identification of humans by their characteristics or traits. It
is used as a form of identification and access control. It is
1. Foot rail Activator – They are place on the floor equipped with recording device that can identify the
in such a position that tellers may activate the alarm by person operating the lock and the time it was operated.
placing the front of their foot to foot rail to activate the
alarm. KEY CONTROL – defined as the management of keys in
2. Knee or Thigh Buttons – It is installed inside the a plant or business organization to prevent unauthorized
teller station so that they can be activated by knee or thigh individual access to the keys.
pressure.
3. Foot Botton – Like the foot rail, it permits alarm ➢ Change Key – a key to a single lock
activation in relatively safety, while both hands remain ➢ Sub-Master Key – a key that can open all locks
clear in view of the robbers. within a particular area or grouping.
4. Double Squeeze Button – It requires pressure ➢ Master Key – a special key capable of opening a
on both side of the device , thus the probability of series of locks. It is capable of opening less
accidental alarm is reduced. number of locks than grand master key.
➢ Grand Master Key – a key that can open
PROTECTIVE LOCKS everything in a system involving two or more
master key groups.
LOCK – defined as mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or
electronic device designed to prevent entry to a building PETERMAN – A term used in England for lock picker,
or room. safecrackers, and penetrators of restricted areas or
rooms.
PADLOCK – a portable and detachable lock having a
pivoted or sliding hasp which possess through a staple FALSE KEY – Genuine key stolen from the owner
ring, or the like and is made fast or secured.
Personnel Identification and Movement Control
General Groups of Locks
1. Pass/Badge System – A pass or badge system is
1. Warded Lock - is a type of lock that uses a set of issued by security to personnel to be admitted in the
obstructions, or wards, to prevent the lock from opening installation. The purpose is to ensure that only persons
unless the correct key is inserted. who have the right and authority will be given the
necessary access to the area. The pass system is for
The correct key has notches or slots corresponding to the general use and not for the restricted areas, like exclusive,
obstructions in the lock, allowing it to rotate freely inside limited or controlled areas.
the lock.
Types of Pass System
2. Pin Tumbler Lock – is a lock mechanism that
uses pins of varying lengths to prevent the lock from 1. Single Pass System – authorization to enter
opening without the correct key. specific areas issued to an employees who keeps it in the
3. Lever Tumble Lock – lock used in safe deposit possession until his authorization is change or until
box and is for all purposes. It is also used in desk, lockers terminates.
and cabinets and are generally less secure than pin 2. Pass Exchange System – Exchange of the one
tumbler lock. color coded pass at the entrance to the controlled areas
4. Disc Tumbler Lock – is a lock composed of which is issued to an employee who keeps it in his
slotted rotating detainer discs. A specially cut key rotates possession until his authorization.
these discs like the tumblers of a safe to align the slots, 3. Multiple Pass System – multiple copies of
allowing the sidebar to drop into the slots, thus opening passes are issued to an individual. The individual
the lock . exchange his badge for another color or markings at the
entrance. Once inside, if he needs to enter to a restricted
-Disc tumbler lock is commonly designed for automobile areas, he exchanges it for another color.
industry and general use in car door today.
Restricted Area – It refers to an area in which personnel >Interior cubage should be not more than
or vehicles are controlled for reasons of security. It is 10,000 cubic feet
established to provide security for installation or facilities
and to promote efficiency of security operations and >Water tight door, fire proof for 1 hour.
economy in the use of the security personnel
HUMAN BARRIER
Types of Restricted Areas
Security guard – is any natural person who offers or
1. Limited Area – It is a restricted area in which renders personal service to watch or guard residential or
lesser degree of control is required than in an exclusion business premises or both, government and/or their
area, but which the security interest would be premises for hire and compensation.
compromised by uncontrolled movement.
2. Exclusion Area – It refers to a restricted area WHO MAY ORGANIZE AND MAINTAIN PRIVATE
which contains security interest to Top Secret importance SECURITY AGENCY AND PRIVATE DETECTIVE
and requires the highest degree of protection. The area AGENCY
should be under surveillance at all times
• Any Filipino citizen or corporation, association,
Security Clearance – It is a certification by a responsible partnership, one hundred percent of which is owned
authority that the person described is cleared to access to and controlled by
classified matters at appropriate levels.
Filipino citizen.
Interim Clearance – Effectivity is two
years Final Clearance – Effectivity is ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF
five years. SECURITY GUARD FORCE Republic Act 5487, as
amended
Protective Cabinets
• The Private Security Agency Law, approved on
1. Safe – metallic container used for the safekeeping of June 13, 1969.
documents or small items in an office or installation. It can
be classified as both robbery and burglary resistance 2003 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations
depending upon the use and need. (IRR) of RA 5487, as amended,

Safe Specifications PNPSOSIA – Philippine National Police Supervisory

Office for Security Investigation Agency – office under the
1. At least 750lbs. Below 750 must be Civil Security Group which is charged with the
anchored to building structure. supervision, direction and control of all security agencies
in the Republic.
2.1 inch thick steel.
BASIC REQUIREMENT OF AN
3. Door should be 1 ½ thick steel OPERATOR OR MANAGER OF SECURITY
AGENCY
2. Vault – heavily constructed fire and burglar resistance
container usually part of the building structure used to 1. Filipino citizen;
keep and protect cash, documents and negotiable 2. Not be less than twenty five (25) years of age;
instruments. It is bigger than safe but smaller than File 3. College graduate and/or a commissioned officer in the
Room. inactive service or retired from the AFP or PNP;
4. Has taken a course/seminar on Industrial Security
Vault Specifications Management and/or must have adequate training or
experience in security business,
>Doors should be 6 inches thick made of
steel 4. Good moral character;
5. Having no previous record of conviction of crime or
>Walls, ceilings and floor should be 12 offense involving moral turpitude.
inches thick
QUALIFICATIONS OF SECURITY GUARD OR
>Floors should be elevated by 4 inches WATCHMAN
>Not more than 5,000 cubic feet in size >
Vault door must be fire resistance up to 4 1. Filipino citizen;
to 6 hours. 2. High School graduate;
3. Physically and mentally fit;
3. File Room – A cubicle in a building constructed to little 4. At least eighteen (18) years of age but not more than
lighter than a vault but bigger size. It can accommodate fifty (50) years old;
limited people to work on the 5. Has undergone Pre-Licensing course or its equivalent.

records inside Veterans and retired military/police personnel

honorably discharge including graduates of ROTC
File Room Specifications advance (or its equivalent in the PNP) are exempted from
the required Basic-Licensing Training.
>Should be 12 feet high
QUALIFICATIONS FOR SECURITY OFFICER Exemptions: in areas where there is an upsurge
of lawlessness and criminality as determined by the Chief
1. Filipino citizen; PNP, Regional Office or their authorized representative,
2. Holder of a Baccalaureate Degree; they may be allowed to acquire, possess and use high
3. Physically and mentally fit; powered firearms.
4. Has graduated from a Security
Officer Training Course or its ➢ Private Security Agency with Temporary
License to Operate – for one hundred guards,
equivalent an initial of at least thirty licensed firearms.
➢ For with Regular License to Operate - for 200
QUALIFICATIONS OF SECURITY CONSULTANT hundred security guards, at least 70 pieces of
licensed firearms.
1. Filipino citizen;
2. Physically and mentally fit; NUMBERS OF SECURITY PERSONNEL TO BE
3. Holder of Masters degree either in Criminology, Public MAINTAINED TO SECURE REGULAR LICENSE TO
Administration, MNSA, Industrial Security OPERATE
Administration, or Law
4. Must have at least ten (10) years experience in the 1. Private Security Agency – minimum of two hundred
operation and management of security business. (200) licensed private security personnel and a maximum
of one thousand (1,000). 2. Company Guard
PRIVATE DETECTIVE Force/Private Detective Agency – minimum of thirty (30)
and a maximum of One thousand (1,000)
Any person who does detective work for hire,
reward or commission, other than members of the AFP, LIMITATION IN THE CARRYING OF FIREARMS
BJMP, PNP or any other law enforcement agencies.
1. No firearm shall be borne nor be in the
QUALIFICATIONS OF A PRIVATE DETECTIVE possession of any private security personnel except when
in actual performance of duty, in the prescribed uniform,
in the place and time so specified in the Duty Detail Order
1. Filipino citizen;
(DDO).
2. Physically and mentally fit;
2. Shall be carried only within the compound of the
3. Holder of baccalaureate degree, preferably Bachelor of
establishment where he is assigned to guard.
Laws or Bachelor of Science in Criminology;
3. While escorting big amount of cash or valuable
4. Graduate of a Criminal Investigation Course offered by
outside of its jurisdiction or area of operation, private
the PNP or NBI or any police training school, or a
security agency shall issue an appropriate Duty Detail
detective training in any authorized/recognized training
Order to the security personnel concerned
center;
5. Advance ROTC/CMT graduate or its equivalent
Duty Detail Order (DDO) – is a written order/schedule
issued by a superior officer usually the private security
MORAL TURPITUDE – It is an act of baseness , vileness
agency/branch manager or operations officer assigning
or depravity in the private and social duties which a man
the performance of private security/detective services
owes to his fellowmen, or to society in general, contrary
duties. DDO for the purpose of post duties not requiring
to the accepted and customary rule of right and duty
transport of firearms outside of the physical compound or
between a man and man. Conduct that is considered
property of a client or client establishment shall be issued
contrary to community standards of justice, honesty and
for not more than a thirty
good morals. Examples . Rape, Forgery, Robbery

(30) days duration

TYPES OF SECURITY GUARD FORCE

CLASSIFICATION OF TRAINING AND ITS DURATION

1. Company Guard Force – security force
maintained and operated by any private
1. Basic Security Guard Course (Pre-Licensing Course) –
company/corporation utilizing any of its employees to
watch secure and guard its establishment. 150 hours;
2. Re-Training Course- 48 hours;
2. Security Agency service – security guard
belonging to privately licensed agency (contractual 3. Security Officers Training Course – 300 hours
basis); 4. Basic Security Supervisory Course – 48 hours
3. Government Guard Forces –security unit
maintained and operated by any government entity other LICENSE AND FEES
than military or police. Validity of Security Guard
License – Three (3) years New applicants to operate shall be required to
obtain a minimum capitalization of P1 Million with
POSSESSION OF FIREARMS minimum bank deposit of P500,000.00 in order to start its
business operation. All Private Security Agencies must be
1. One (1) firearm for every two (2) security guards; registered at the Security and Exchange Commission
2. Private security agency/private detective (SEC).
agency/company security force/government security
force shall not be allowed to possess firearms in excess SURETY BOND
of five hundred (500) units. 3. Shotguns not higher than
12 gauge Agency with 1 -199 guards – P50,000.00

4. Weapons with bores not bigger than cal .22 to include Agency with 200-499 guards – P100,000.00
pistols and revolvers with bores bigger than cal .38
Agency with 500-799 guards – P150,000.00 STOCKING OF AMMUNITION

Agency with 800-1000 guards – P200,000.00 1. Stocks of ammunition in the agency shall not exceed
fifty (50) rounds of ammunition per unit of duly licensed
This bond shall answer for any valid and firearms.
legal claims against the agency filed by aggrieved 2. Individual issue to each security guard shall be limited
party. to twenty five

➢ All Licenses to Operate have a validity of Two (2) (25) rounds for every security guard.
years;
➢ All applications for renewal of License to operate REVOCATION OF LICENSE TO POSSESS FIREARM
(LTO) shall be filed at least sixty (60) days before
the expiry date of LTO; 1. Failure to submit any issued firearm for verification as
➢ No application shall be approved unless a required;
certification is issued by FED-CSG to the effect 2. Carrying firearms by security personnel without
that all licenses of firearms of the agency are appropriate Duty Detail Order;
updated/renewed for at least one (1) year 3. When the firearm serial number has been duplicated on
forthcoming during the validity of the renewed another firearm or using one firearms license for more
LTO. than one firearm other than those stipulated in the
➢ PSA with 200-1000 guards – regular license to license;
operate good for 2 years. 4. Carrying of firearms outside of the place stated in the
➢ New PSA – a temporary license to operate good permit or in places prohibited under the law; 5. When
for 1 year. the firearm was reported lost.
➢ PSA with temporary license to operate having
posted 100 guards or more but less than 200 Note: Security Agency operator/manager/owner can put
guards shall, upon expiration of such license be its own staffing pattern provided it is consistent with the
issued extension period to operate good for 6 provisions of IRR of RA 5487.
months. However, upon the expiration of such 6
months extension, no additional extension shall ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF SECURITY GUARD
be granted unless the PSA concern shall submit
a certification for the posting of at least additional 1. Alertness – being watchful in spotting violator, a
50 guards thereby making a total of 150 guards person, a vehicle or an incident;
or more. 2. Judgment – sound and good judgment to arrive at wise
➢ PSA with extended temporary license, shall upon and timely decisions;
expiration of such license, but still fail to comply 3. Confidence – faith in oneself and his abilities;
with the 200 guards requirement, be granted 4. Physical Fitness – always in a condition to render
additional extension of another 6 months period effective service even under the most strenuous
to comply for the issuance of a regular license to conditions;
operate. Failure to comply shall serve as a basis
5. Tactfulness – ability to deal with others successfully
for the issuance of a cease operation order
without offending;
➢ License PSA with less than 100 guards shall not
6. Self Control – ability to take hold of oneself regardless
be renewed after 1 year of operation.
of a provoking situation.
➢ PSA with cancelled/revoked license shall cease
to operate, and with 7 days after having been duly
THEFT AND PILFERAGE
notified of such cease operation order, shall
immediately deposit all its firearms with PNP
Theft – committed by any person, who with intent to gain
Firearms and Explosives Division PNP-FED).
but without violence, against, or intimidation of persons
nor force upon things shall take personal property of
Approval, Cancellation, Suspension of LTO Chief
another without the latter consent.
PNP

THE CASUAL AND SYSTEMATIC PILFERER

-Approval of New Regular LTO

1. Casual Pilferer – One who steals due to his

-Cancellation of Regular LTO
inability to resist the unexpected opportunity and has a
little fear of detection.
-Re-instatement of Regular LTO
2. Systematic Pilferer – One who steals with
preconceived plans and takes away any or all types of
-Suspension of Regular LTO
items or supplies for economic gain.

Director Civil Security Group

COMMUNICATION SECURITY – is the protection
resulting from the application of various measures which
- Renewal of Regular LTO
prevent or delay the enemy or unauthorized persons in
- Approval of Temporary LTO
gaining information through the communication system.
- Reversion of Regular to Temporary LTO This includes:
- Cancellation of Temporary LTO
- Suspension of Temporary LTO
a. Transmission Security – component of
communications security which results from all
measures designed to protect transmission from
interception.
 b. Cryptographic Security – results from determined to be Confidential, Secret, and Top Secret
the provisions of technically sound crypto-system matters.
and their proper use.
c. Physical Security – providing THREAT TO PROTECTION OF SENSITIVE
safeguards to equipment and material from INFORMATION Competitive Intelligence – systematic
access by unauthorized persons. program for gathering and analyzing information about
competitor’s activities and general business trends to
THREATS IN COMMUNICATION SECURITY further company’s goals.

1. Wiretapping - is the monitoring of telephone Types of Competitive Intelligence

conversations by a third party, often by covert means.
2. Bugging – means to secretly listen to or record a 1. White – information available from company
conversation using a hidden electronic device. publication, public records or commercial reporting
3. Eavesdropping (unauthorized listening)- is the sources; 2. Gray – not readily available but which is
unauthorized real-time interception of a private usually can be obtained without acquiring any
communication, such as a phone call, instant message, civil/criminal liability in the process. 3. Black – obtained
videoconference or fax transmission. through clearly unethical or illegal means.

DOCUMENT AND INFORMATION SECURITY – Security TYPES OF DOCUMENTS Class I –

involving the protection of documents and information Vital Document – This is an irreplaceable records ,
from loss, access by unauthorized persons reproduction of which does not have the same value as
the original; Class II – Important Document- This is a
> prescribes the policies and establishes the record, reproduction of which cause considerable
standard basic procedures governing the classification expense and labor, or considerable delay.
and security of official matter.
Class III – Useful Document – This is a record, the loss
CLASSIFY – refers to the act of assigning to information of which may cause inconvenience but could be readily
or material one of the four security classification replaced and may not present insurmountable obstacle to
categories after determination has been made that the the prompt restoration of the business; Class IV- Non
information requires the security protection as provided essential Document – This record may include daily
for in the regulation; files, routine in nature, lost of which will not affect the
organization.
SECURITY CLEARANCE – Is an administrative
determination that an individual is eligible from a security PERSONNEL SECURITY
standpoint for access to classified matter of a specific
category; · refers to the procedure followed, inquiries
conducted, and criteria applied to determine the
COMPARTMENTATION – Refers to the grant of access work suitability of a particular applicant or the
to classified matter only to properly cleared persons when retention of a particular employee.
such classified information is required in the performance
of their official duties, and restricting it to specific physical PURPOSE OF PERSONNEL SECURITY
confine when feasible.
1. To ensure that hired employees are
NEED TO KNOW – term given to the requirement that the best suited to assist the
dissemination of classified matters be limited strictly to
those persons whose official duties require knowledge organization in achieving its mission and vision;
thereof.
2. To assist in providing the necessary security to the
CLASSIFICATION OF DOCUMENTS employees while they carry out their functions.

Memorandum Circular No. 196, dated 07/19/1968 PERSONNEL SECURITY INVESTIGATION (PSI)
(Security of Classified Matter in government offices)
· It is an inquiry into the character, reputation,
1. TOP SECRET – any information and material, the
discretion, integrity, morals, and loyalty of an
unauthorized disclosure of which would cause
individual in order to determine a person’s
exceptionally grave damage to the
suitability for appointment or access to classified
matter.
nation, politically, economically or militarily;
TYPES OF PSI
2. SECRET- any information and material, the
unauthorized disclosure of which would endanger
1. National Agency Check (NAC) – It consists of
national security, cause serious injury to the interest or
Local Agency Check supplemented by investigation of the
prestige of the nation or any governmental activity.
records and files of the following agencies: PNP, ISAFP,
3. CONFIDENTIAL – any information and materials, NBI, CSC, Bureau of Immigration and other agencies.
the unauthorized disclosure of which would be prejudicial
2. Local Agency Check (LAC) – Refers to the
to the interest or prestige of the nation or governmental
investigation of the records and files of agency in the area
activity or would cause administrative embarrassment or
of principal residence of the individual being investigated
unwarranted injury.
like clearances from Mayor, Police, Prosecutor and
4. RESTRICTED – any information and material Courts.
which requires special protection other than those
BACKGROUND INVESTIGATION (BI) POLICE SECURITY PROTECTION GROUP
(PSPG) - is mandated by law to provide protective security
• It is an inquiry which aims to verify applicant’s to government officials, foreign dignitaries, and private
information written at the applicants form, to individuals authorized to be given protection and also
ascertain his/her past employment experiences provide physical security to vital installations, and assist
and to obtain other information pertinent to the the Presidential Security Group (PSG) in securing the
decision to employ. President and the members of the First Family.
• A check made on an individual usually seeking
employment through subjects records in the PROTECTIVE CUSTODY – state or quality of
police, educational institutions, place of being secured or freed from danger. It may also includes
residence, and former employers. the various means or device designed to guard a persons
and property against a broad range of security hazard.
Kinds of Background Investigation
THREAT – is an indication of something
1. Complete background Investigation (CBI) – a type impending and usually undesirable or unpleasant, with an
of BI which is more comprehensive, particularly all the intention to inflict evil, injury or damage on another,
circumstance of his personal life. 2. Partial Background usually as retribution or punishment for something done
Investigation (PBI) – Investigation of the background of or left undone. It is an expression of an intention to inflict
the individual but limited only to some circumstances of loss or harm on another by illegal means, and especially
his personal life. by involving coercion or duress over the person or his
welfare.
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE CONDUCT
OF BI THREAT ASSESSMENT – the
process of investigation/validating the truthfulness of the
1. Loyalty – faithful allegiance to the Philippine existence of threat to an individual.
government and its duly constitutional authorities;
2. Integrity – uprightness in character, soundness EMERGENCY SITUATION – condition or state
of moral principle, freedom from moral delinquencies. that danger has already occurred which resulted to
3. Discretion – the ability or tendency to act or to loss of life/liberty and/or there is imminent danger or
decide with prudence, the habit of wise judgment; threat to life and property where delay will endanger
4. Morals – distinctive identifying qualities which or may cause the loss of life/proper
serve as an index to the essential or intrinsic nature of a
person;
5. Character – the sum of traits that have been
impresses by nature, education and habit upon the
individual;
6. Reputation – opinion or estimation in which one
is generally held. It is what a person is reported to be
whereas character is what a person is.

SECURITY SURVEY – A fact finding probe to determine

a plant’s adequacy in all aspects of security, with the
corresponding recommendations.

- Refers to checklist, audits, or inventories of

security conditions.
- Security Surveys are often
called ‘RISK ANALYSIS

SURVEYS’ or ‘RISK ASESSMENT SURVEYS

Security Inspection

It is the process of conducting physical

examination to determine compliance with establishment
security policies and procedures as a result of security
survey.

SECURITY EDUCATION

It is defined as the exposure and teaching of

employees on security and its relevance to their work.
Security education is conducted to develop security
awareness among employees of the company. It should
cover all employees, regardless of rank or position.

PERSONAL SECURITY – Protection of personnel

especially ranking official from any harm, kidnap, and
others act. VIP security is type of personnel security;