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Chemical Moles & Formulae Review 2 (08.07.21)

A sample of impure sodium nitrate was reacted and the amount of ammonia produced was measured. This was used to calculate the percentage by mass of sodium nitrate in the original sample. The oxidation numbers of nitrogen in sodium nitrate and ammonia are provided. An organic compound was oxidized and the products were measured to determine the empirical formula.

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Micheelle Jeanneth
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64 views4 pages

Chemical Moles & Formulae Review 2 (08.07.21)

A sample of impure sodium nitrate was reacted and the amount of ammonia produced was measured. This was used to calculate the percentage by mass of sodium nitrate in the original sample. The oxidation numbers of nitrogen in sodium nitrate and ammonia are provided. An organic compound was oxidized and the products were measured to determine the empirical formula.

Uploaded by

Micheelle Jeanneth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemical moles and formulae

Review 2
Question 1
Chile saltpetre is a mineral found in Chile and Peru, and which mainly consists of sodium
nitrate, NaNO3. The mineral is purified to concentrate the NaNO3 which is used as a fertiliser
and in some fireworks.

In order to find the purity of a sample of sodium nitrate, the compound is heated in NaOH(aq)
with Devarda's alloy which contains aluminium. This reduces the sodium nitrate to ammonia
which is boiled off and then dissolved in acid.

3NaNO3(aq) + 8Al (s) + 5NaOH(aq) + 18H2O(l) → 3NH3(g) + 8NaAl (OH)4(aq)

The ammonia gas produced is dissolved in an excess of H2SO4 of known concentration.

2NH3 + H2SO4 → (NH4)2SO4

The amount of unreacted H2SO4 is then determined by back-titration with NaOH of known
concentration.

H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

(a) A 1.64 g sample of impure NaNO3 was reacted with an excess of Devarda's alloy.
The NH3 produced was dissolved in 25.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 H2SO4.
When all of the NH3 had dissolved, the resulting solution was titrated with NaOH(aq).
For neutralisation, 16.2 cm3 of 2.00 mol dm–3 NaOH were required.

(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of H2SO4 present in the 25.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3
H2SO4.

(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of NaOH present in 16.2 cm3 of 2.00 mol dm–3 NaOH.

(iii) Use your answer to (ii) to calculate the amount, in moles, of H2SO4 that reacted with
16.2 cm3 of 2.00 mol dm–3 NaOH.

(iv) Use your answers to (i) and (iii) to calculate the amount, in moles, of H2SO4 that
reacted with the NH3.
(v) Use your answer to (iv) to calculate the amount, in moles, of NH3 that reacted with
the H2SO4.

(vi) Use your answer to (v) to calculate the amount, in moles, of NaNO3 that reacted with
the Devarda's alloy.

(vii) Hence calculate the mass of NaNO3 that reacted.

(viii) Use your answer to (vii) to calculate the percentage by mass of NaNO3 present in
the impure sample.
Write your answer to a suitable number of significant figures.

[9]

(b) The above reaction is an example of a redox reaction.


What are the oxidation numbers of nitrogen in NaNO3 and in NH3?

NaNO3 ....................... NH3 ....................... [1]

[Total: 10]
Question 2
Compound A is an organic compound which contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

When 0.240 g of the vapour of A is slowly passed over a large quantity of heated copper(II)
oxide, CuO, the organic compound A is completely oxidised to carbon dioxide and water.
Copper is the only other product of the reaction.

The products are collected and it is found that 0.352 g of CO2 and 0.144 g of H2O are
formed.

(a) In this section, give your answers to three decimal places.

(i) Calculate the mass of carbon present in 0.352 g of CO2.

Use this value to calculate the amount, in moles, of carbon atoms present in 0.240 g
of A.

(ii) Calculate the mass of hydrogen present in 0.144 g of H2O.

Use this value to calculate the amount, in moles, of hydrogen atoms present in 0.240 g
of A.

(iii) Use your answers to calculate the mass of oxygen present in 0.240 g of A.

Use this value to calculate the amount, in moles, of oxygen atoms present in 0.240 g
of A.

[6]
(b) Use your answers to (a) to calculate the empirical formula of A.

[1]

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