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Water Supply Note

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Kiran Sagar Bhandari
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Water Supply Note

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Kiran Sagar Bhandari
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water Supply Engineering 3-21) evaeation sane Objctnes See tts, ue wil ese pital ser i bic hit nd iil of ater, compen ‘Fewer sly em, ver tamer ecology. gry flow water sap sem el «Eiger 80 GA ain Dn ver pl ie spot po aa fam ty ope Course Contents 1. Introduction hrs) 1" Hise of sen 12 Objenine of ater soppy system 13. Immediate, long tem snd negative impacts of wate supply system 1.4. Compnis of water supply systems in ual and rten areas 1.5 Deintion of tens: contaminated water, wholesome water, pure water 16 Danes of water sopelyenginser 1-7 Water Resource Actin Neal, poles on water supply in Nepal 2. Sours and Collection of Water (Shs) 21 Global pespectivs of water sources 2.2 Sure sures: lakes ponds, steams ives, impounded reservoirs 23 Underground souees: springs, wel filtaion galleries 24 Rainwaterhanstng ser 25 Measuenent of ye from diferent sources (pring. sre, wells) 26 Selon of souce for witer supply sysem 27 Intake works: defntan easifcaon and selection of it for an intake 28 Charwtersics of sping nae andre intake 29° Dishage calculation of wels end capacity determination of impounded "seri: by asia ad graphical mths S Quunsis Water (brs) 21 Miter denen: desis, Hvesoc. commercial indus muniipa he Shing losses an wastage spor National Building Code 3 Retspidemand of war and facrs alfectina pe copia demand 33. Nason in water demane: seasonal, monthly, dally ane eo monthly; daily an bury vsations 34 Pero a despn period, election bass of desin pened 25, Ponies casing: sce 36 Metis of popuaton forecasting: eines : axing: atithmetc increase method, geometrical Poa nematic meth, decene re of ow re a7 Bap¥calouession methd aed maser planing See Scary and water demand for nul grea ‘ ‘eae eg arterial annem metho. |wolemested batch alt. 1 a SS A aa ane as nr ‘SEER re, ing 4 Rpeanernomtate ie West ke gote ve, so ah vee 25 Reta mara cm pesos 9 acting sine tnt gm ow a ie NC in ag. a amt gi Sees a ty Ac one ta Roman Bape at ty Mar Sap yer hs Foi eves aga til Psctieteeeeeents 2 EATER he yo mz Spo arck Sees o Fi ee o_o {eRe eet ew he se WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING com amy sence CHAPTER 4b: TNTRODICTION Jaten “apply engioesning - A branch of public heals enginesring sghich dente alte the pre aepunfenton & distibukon of exter Je 6/3 swalee supply. engineers 2 - Mistery of scariee supply _gystem w During the nae thre. Pewes» humans sug the First permanent sate alls. a Walls dug Hazes veuley “ Mahenje pce cee pee aes tera serene! eee air ee eenale groin woolen iarseving ancient | sortase most Sophie! that contained drainage S strace dues 7 Hiadus_woihy sivitenton, in Ana, hows early. quideree of muee me and _saniknion 2 The ancient Gmat ivlizatven, of emte 4 pnowen ae “ose the frat _qiviiteaiion : @ ey. PIPES fer pantiatis long iowm & negative impacts of. coales impact Positive Impact : ——— Ea Shark Tourg a a Btehing hme Cong go ond _briog ) fe saved. so tak eetivilties of individuals » 7 Melps to te ecanome. prevth sf the hole _nehon Negetve Impoet : 7 Redwes downsbanm acter and effect on aquatic es ee — —apct Detrmee ground water sane a: Mey. smote disputes between decnsireun ater monet Polletion clues econ trem --.cemponants of aan ates Pipeline Jo te _decmored quantity of wate. at supply. sys constwuctes te Collect ater senvey. eaten 42 the featmenp Weatwent pleot? Fav the treatment of woaten 42 make +t druntatye._ (optional) 5. Trane! . resewe heated goter. Gptonal) Pipeline that conveys : anise ls a foe np home -Fp Typia! comport of ranban ase, sly ayn in_urtan axea may ®) Cotecton series F my ncde intake corks & storage ray. include s c lam _& gterage = Pependng pon swer sa a ute nay be constructed or dict intake can te made ') Trenemiesion. eaorks ; Cee es sie ; Se seleee ote oe ' Sewgh._sendets /pipes / A) belesome: Gate a St chauld be fise fiom bactous 7 Dut dowd be colours & spaxkling 3 3. Te should be tasty > alourfire ond cool 4, He shuld be free from objectionable tater 5. TE chadn't Conrado: plpes 43 stews hove disohed oygen. and Free fiero con fade, 3 hat Ht omy ranaio fe = wiet_omdt, allie nesennen Tha oo ras es BE SN Bc sete, i 2) ene sth the commana : = “iiadgerent of sale eitieme sctestgh 3) xovestpitandin assess assot condition and capaci rehabilitation » - age te cenit supply infactuchanes and evoiop phos » reconstruction ~ pases Bangla oi toatwety on ety “testing. » system geehnieal stalls eg i ee) 8) Supervise junior ana dirack labew 9) Linge pith othon ensure ‘co-ordination... corks Water Resource, Nepal “Water Rescue, + Tig_act je an easter but also “rescurce mamgrntin Nepal Be Act gives pato‘ty right {0 use oF Semestic or _ comee R uegetesand prgrams for demporayp cewicen eepate, , 2 mramgement and maintenance te : | partner organizations » govennmen’ ~ counfenparts and community management. teams enginaars, technical_assietants » conbeactors Ln coork teams aperctes (gov excment edie Adenaes su tteaility Ack in nlepal » policies on. cater sigply to Act 1992 (2048 Gs) unbiglia oct » governing not only drinking other uges of wstor and overall toater: be the ater fer drinking punpesce over ovy sther al Use. Tiere ane 2 regulations order n Whe Ak for dnoking ester St 9 Me Later Remus Regulation 1993 (050 65 ) > the Drinking Walon Repubion 1992 (208s as) Maler Rascurce Regulation 19953 (zos0 BS ) 7 Ss umbrlla, Regulation governing ater vescivnce. manageinan 7 feb out the procedure to veprstek 9 water sex Assouiation and fo obfain a Weence + Glaishes the Distyicl Wate. Sele out the sate and Resource Comte snd obligations of ston Use Associaton, 6 helen * als wth the aegucgctos itisition of mee Eland & compananlion Pring HN Reputation s999 (oss as) 7 Rigutates the ie ~ Feevides of shoe anter i Ce eer et 2D Wakes eee nee ein ace eee Scots loaten sts ce i aes Neen sing ©F tse Sinking cates a sth ite ; eat Senbel_.of sosten. pile Naty Staats, vin oe tetatance Sees coy ue este gs GoM ees gel scbone ae ore laae ore ae ad fan and ponies on Water sepply in Nepal — : nibohionNabicnal_ Rliey, 2860 (2004) “5 Rural ceatee supply or “fe. princt ple cljectives of. iis policy eee te set a ne “ret of langets te provide safes relia and affordable eles spply_eth bate. sanrtotion. facities to. 400 pencent Tg te_poswaton.on_priotty, basis. spacaly. tmngeding. “ne bekward people and eltwic groups i reduce w2ter ‘Jorne, disare ond. save the time and [abour, of. es 1m. fetching tha erter. The. go!ing focuses. iemprosement anal : vation rehsbih hon , and increase expansion ants “he quatily_of sont “ae urban Miter Supgly & Sanitation, Pali, Te urban olen cupply. and Sanitation Poligy Cures) Jed audeused the ovat of Om smbrelle,_pollay 1 ah ~gobovant ,consislent and uniform approaches of devwlaproat_ ef ewioe in wnban oxen by all the difleant agancies S institukons fovolad: To poli sete the cost recovery poiriples, public priate pantnership avd. sector. © improved service del vey io. pooper parspect’ ves, according fe the need. of the day 2066 (2003) had identified fur major initiatives ot te plementation level of thot ane addwscing. Nalion’s wban Ho. supghy ond sanitation challenges and provide Important, ingighs, fr tha davwopment of the policy: These scate the Stall Tons Wole® Supply and. Sontstion %. — Sector Pagject (STWss5 Pp) 5tbe_Kothoanda valley platen Supply Sector Deustormen; rogram (Kv WSsDP) 5. Erweenmet Impaoment paject (err) “ nee Ws Development Projects (10° —Ppievided a firm basis for varies eaditional_ he extension of oe mad@ ovailable et koe Separate pol SUPALY and Saoitatron CHAPTER 2: Soumes & Gellection ef Water Seuncet of wpler may be defined. a2 the place from phere. water [6 obtained: eles is permanily obtained from. ocain, ae ee “as Giobak pevsrectives of cedex sources The total volume of on_easth ig, estimated at 4986 Hillis. cubic km, with SRS 7 being. salt water heme. freah ater. . ee (eceans 96-57 ether saline water -1/) cpa cmos Fresh, woven ~ €e cape & ginvere | 647° = ground eaten | 02% = surface opten 52.3% ee = other > ooh pine, (quid) “loko 1 8% a eee oe rivers + 2 _Tebat volume. of walex in vuvers is esimoted at 15 Rives_vani Gastenent ar Region Sf Con fee) 1 6 cna North America B.ten, - ae Sut Anertea r2008 26 Ppa 2,800 “ aude anata ae -83% seis ace ona Eee eleean sie Ae see £ Asta (uty Malte ah) argc deve Saiecer, A40 £07 Tepe ef wets sou Gancet of csatcn Se¥five sounes deste A Rivage ST bakes 2 Benes ; & Te Poundad Tecenveins ee . ae Neo- gravis, pring Ps un Anfitratton Santee’ 2 Mie ase tases ieeation a AsFemms. ploy peuenen, Yeclomatien ® 4" wale ib vecia 9) Open wen 3 Stvears, Generally. sereams ane formed ty aurfien nenclf and discharge 1s. maxienum, ined up fo suenmeny which fe cated en= peyaniial, Face by. tog ave foomed. by. “combination, of. sergenne. fa Springs eahich sun ftom. Mille to, the lowland. an tte, be. srmanfed rain fOd. » Pot gno.e- fed Depend. stor the woiee avaibbility, of fo, 2 fey : 2) Perennial aver 1D_Nee~ perannial 200 “7 Yo anny, -seanon sandc'may be A= peteinial aver! Riven dues ip a certain peried —~ tf abe goon and: generally net wed for aaten spel Witter there is a eed ef construction —~Teewerre: Greg. rainfed nsens lakes: : . Tr mountains at ome Places, natn baotns ane j — fone eat Ipanvious bade by TT HBR- 08h Jakes: lakes one te Pommenent Spe oF eae Source + Leen “svetSd 10. meuraniens sf goed quadite ‘eet SPilogs 6. stress SF quantity, and ay she wed tn gaten FUP Ply so bhout a athena or afler contain Sed ened os cena ke rg, oy Geet Ne Conee 5. Impounded neserwoits or a.dunacmse te T peipimuan ance of land & gabmenges od _eeximguen, _& weseuetrs: Suspended Rut. to _thets ere __-gasth, tones A Sprig ig doe nabunal outflow of grou, som the sonth’s surfer, ot 2 cornet of “pote rere ew ae ‘ort sag MAREE Neat Caer — poten -Heolng. 3 4ype2 prwily _ spria the greund formed. Non -pr springs incl sociated with velCania vecks) a pon - growily shaxplg - the ide oleanfe spring tnd fissure spring Crwsutts hares ex From _ fra sxierdiog Jo the. gna depths in the ai ). 4 hot spring s_and contain, high oioseale ay soeu vas. culphive sabe Aell ie 2 bole or shote , uauall _exeavaled.in_the gmuni fee benging..@M se. the. sutdbee. Wells ane 2), opan/dug (ora Tig, we ef tonge, ciameiens Glos _ Gaitehange from sB810 and nob veby cdegp Roe oe, cenntescted ay tang. te aes aig veils. ie: i). Shalinn open, (sel Fe ig the_opon veaning. state = gfeids,_ lessen vic, igen fee Pe oe fom the chats. fand_ draws the . gore Joo the. pe impervious 8) Driven / fer eussion oe Theat: cog constructed pipe of 25.em te asem. fa diame deep fs called denen went Atube.cail is 2 long pipe sunk into. Sty “taps i) Slotted type “) Perforated type # 22 mere eater besvung fe thy proud strata. He ge Artesian el Te tthe wet foom _ “eho water flas automated ky uncer. peesaune: Mostly they. are fund in the vale portion of the hills. A Infiteun Tei a herizental ev ready cherizertal Kennet use ----tthich 15, constnicted thigh cater bewing strata —fer. topping. and stvinms Tt may be condrucied ith masongy or with weep hades. greund Esler near nivers stakes, Rein saaten henesting system Rein. canon haweating 1s the collection ang storage ~..9f rainwater fee “ns WES on Sikes rather than ~ Allowing. ik fe _sunoff Tie Stem water fe weed ~ ee various purposes such oe gardening» ivvigatron, —--drinkiog with pseper treatment ele Se 2: Surfs runoff horwect ne, ou 2. table raharten baa 2a 2. Rook penises hanusating Te ie a aysten_of, catching .rnwaies ne folie In. woéftep._ harvesting.» the, roof, becomes | the: vakments.and he vernuatien fe collected fot reef of the louse (building. Te can @ ced ina tank of diverted to oxkfieral recharge cystm THY methed is less ex pens Wy affective: The tenace may be Flot Ree 1 reef. Thenefove , the catchments acluelly contributes mincaler te system Belt 2. Trangportation eee E Rainssaler fiom roof top should be cared through fe deuninte canter piper or drains to storage /_ haeesting cyckero. Mater ‘fom sloping Se ee a mouth of each admin Meth 4o restrict Hoating engteniabs 1 AGE shower (rink) The _ necde fo 60 flushes off ily. 5 colaus, & micro expaniems ~~ Aten Fret flushing of rain fll, salen should pass 25 3 and is_deng om filer. 8 cof goes ycand thangs finene of gs checks silt, bap te by of shrmp fre: chet eneung ee ae, ee a cust» Heo ae oe wed ee ta a il 2» Irregation , rechaxyging: fer dhinking puxposo domestic ux Bs a Measscment of yield from iffenent sources Neto flown oe yield is manuned jy Accens how uch wale ie avallaiie for a Sepply Te linportant ie er ctrinking ates measwecmant PF yieta is Selecting — the Spply Te source ta, _Pvide sufferent bert source te be atte SAiea to Senve tS population eek my abated iy coe Melber pe G00d or. titres py Second a : . ffeneot souncu 0 Bt edip H oF dns pnt P salon repae fleremt methods seg octets enh “dar Slatted an, ghana” Pee SHEE sserags Jas oe Thal cones , wate tow MeoWECEN on 4 should be dong ess Ca (8 at ite fowrsot wualh — cae ee S000 3 te assess ehethon 44, Aha Seo He Sounce ts aiie piov Setbcert olen = Yrughouk the year of yiold peaausemant + sommes Give & Streams) Velocity area_method “ovafieo ein gauging method Th INS methed 5 the vekuly and emss- sectoral axca of stream f delexmined ond _muttiplghg _ them y_ ill gue the yratd of the stream. For the deevetnabon of arse, the stream is. divice of: equal ‘dth and ihe depth of each sechon {5 mesgured: The c/s. axe8 con Section find the _siurn be the & area of the sream. Te veinty fe Hen measwed by usng er float S 8) oven flew weir gauging © The mast acaunate soy 6 cxbwate suxfae oot few ts by using 2 gauging wor. Tere ane _ohieh one placed acres the shea to rise the walker level and contict the Pew - an bo _ determined the channel 22° “Tie flow of w3tee in ie feng oe pe depth o Be. Luc Spt by maga sr] ] he Flow o Flumen can abe te wed te messuxa the f Small steno geet of git fer: Temeasure the yield of 2 BURN were may be sed os _degeribade method ts used, the: # murs) tho lever of wotey SS ot clea, alloy ah =“. oF the. aye MP8 comasnen oF bn : eS ag inti PL_second MMecamement of yicid faem wens 2) constant level pumping test 1) Recupexotion test a Fer the messwrement of geld firm wells an. initial pilst bore hols should be sunk do determing the depth of the conten table. After this, 3 quick pump test is performed: Jn this test, aul the eal: in the well er an much as possible shoold be pumped out The rise of the water back into the well to the poiot cher it regains Hs fermen level is tmed. The yicld can tien be roughly cakwated fam tia dometen of the ell, the feight of the wales celtwn & the time taken for wake te cs Be Selechen of ounce fey caalen supply stystem Clap) The election of the sources of Cater depends wer the fallewing actors 3 Lecation Te should be pean to He consumer's area or tren as fr as passible: aoe TA should be at higher clevaiton such that requved _ Pressure may be cbtained and water can be ty Flow. supplied 23 ell al oie ge oad ae ei ees eo a) desig pated -meet the demand fort nist Possible athers shoud be _suffictenk quantity { fe faahire, extension of praject - ; Quality of waster 2 “Tie tamer choad be safe sand fie fiom 24 heganta factoua , gems ond polleton a Tee ates qualtiy Showa he Such Wok it hee lee en retiree alte: cSunthan need tess bectment : 4. font i ef shield Ne aie 4, svtly.woaten of gna gusty Md qeaK IE oF te eee cast : STi acunes stows Le riers Works + daPiniticn , classifentven selection of atie fer an_ ote “pefieihen : : Triakes 980 the structures wed for safely ith~_ ng Sim_the vounce over _prededountned peol levels and fen to sischanpe his water Inte wpithdnewsl conduit. though cbich Tt flows Upto water hezimert plat er aivect supply to the dew Selection of sits fo 4A force possible » the mfake should be nean the 50, thee conveyance, east 16 2. The jnioke should be. loceted in the purer y Zoe of the counce tp dew best quality of water From the cawwe thereby reducing. lead on the roatmert.__plonty 2. Tre like shdiet be Bewigd ab 4a snsyetronm . the vicinity of Me point of dteperal of wate aaten ATE ghould be located at site ohich i stable and gale from heay wales current (flood) 5 landetde ete: a ik ean nh trate located wt S Tnjske should be locates suffient_cyartiy of -oater..2e en He diehangs of course US the “Juture expansion 16 nj abctnction 8 The site shawn bs located Stassthrca toe ef intake — According 4, i i ity Jo Auerding. to ue — Sellabe in cham be ~ Sstmeged inane Wide saay} Exposed ictus a a Jak arfake 2 Gaal intake ' 2 at ota : Ping tntaae je type of source inte intake tose, constructed at the bank or inside the river to. clthdma ciate ts called river _ intake Zt consiste ef civeutan or cectangulan mascory. OF REE _ Inka em with sevens! toledg, called penstocts jot different tevels- All inlets axe _paovidéd with semen (to prevent the entry of Floating matters ) and valves (te conbral the flows of water) Tha. panstock discharges water. tle ths intake tower /ietake wall fem shore ih is pumped ae Sp. Typles river tntoke HEL. High Flood Level LHL low inate Level u 2 Py LT piss sere fe re soaten 6 ke, dower caoien through exky ely pees the convey pipes: fing, the irkake. is. cid ——dry_niven, intake. The ire consists. of. cieuhn rm tectongiek a Basen or ~ SE ite feet from otee sale, can he oi thames #820. the dy pexi oak Penstocke ane. prided at tne Ahaeaeol og, fenrait the es - a t ‘ The pestecks “acho 82 the coin > a foe fem whee ee! ope, eet Blake I nen SHYT Wis cape sa eeaed 40 Blows Ilda TF ine 4 Sa Hens, ‘31 ba oe oe, ioe THO IOIGE Valvey a let ee et Closed. so, ‘Tne oa pu te eared ee oh ‘Sap, mag termes TNC Clee, b. Wot river Tolake, Spfing ielake Aa Totnes, constructed of the spring seuno te thy vee cates ig cle apring, lake: At te, genanally ann onetrvcted wales supply scheme Showa be impewiows and _ -Paouided ancunc the source, ~estanination, ona phy imply one or, mone. speirps fer grater discharge —peisetsd fiom antras Fe enh rat ee erty erate Sere ee 2 of wells ana £988 Hen of impounded waser yen by Say treat a plsphieal_wetiods — _.__.. date (outfiew) suing. dry periods otter iovpeunded reser, To AR ERIE tt aeung igh nun off fn 4 suring okey pexiod: a the Sequined be inpoandec!“repenvaie tan eng. oF ths flossing toon 22 Graphical meited (rose cane, 2 P3 Arabyphesl se hod flew curve iss . plet IpHloe in. the. Wéeeverr 37 j Procedure, yezourie Storage ‘- 4 The biggest of vertienl ordinates among. aba, €. Gam sale Tepreents. tha raquied capacity of veseavor Bis_methed. i¢ based on the asametion that tha. at the eginnrng of tne dey iS easily cokwmted _in_takelan far; demand or outfe alo - { bdoalybies! metho 1 fe Ra FeaG) tess ar cnc Se [oie ee ee My (DOF seanpn 5? by (0). MEAG seat. WE face) ie ood pmenaameet : st ie £0 aheh ie a ve comune defen 22 E22 FT I nity of He. impounded ; Be voqeied store “PP tye mel a Ge te pes Mee S24 te. projet. ot net “_ feaatle baswve, cf toto tnflocs ) ' B acene aa | deadly, =F pp lio = eth undo! + mon defert total aflow + total demand & Te_fiees in she —o Steading the Beaten in (ele) a Hagee, NO EEAS. Taowery - 3.93 : Tigh. 230 : : February ~ 2.94 Si. 8 ferch - 1.00 gust- 3.00 fen) | oe, 3 £0: Elen _supplieg 7 tes start eng e cote, ecity Sein : ~ thon seat aysln) flew [20185 autinw en | cama, Comet 4 Surplae | pega oom) | one) “aud | eho aers ae ere iam 22404 36H | (ss eo 3638.4 rete 1606 | lise sae 30 Bee 8 + fumarase 2ae0R lanto.sa4 ee | sens sss ono 10 sai0e.se [ao ja00 | ass2 iamean” 39233 e056 ja) | 200 saser HaeH 49ca4 seen. 36 les woe amr wages ane |.20._ [00 Tapate “owen, some | 26525 gs esa eee 'S6553.4y' 62099 | S4sase 30 Geo gouge 028 eea20 aes Hi 0 pan ae 29484 | ggg | = ¥4424.96 Cletal afin) BOs qwi74 (loi demand) ~ Sopecttey, of impounded vases vere ar Gunplue + ymax. do fiert — totat JSR sBesa ge — 28 20403-6448 inflows ¢ total demand #4924964 24424 million tres /mnonth, a) st 2H ‘fi f0¥} ion. Shes (841 = vith Initia [Inde ovens (ow) 0) 88 we, aoe ig 208 Ho008 gt ad iasp9.s2 shy eak laade mbes fer pe in tae — Beto sore | fr e-S6 _haysa sz fe 2203.2) fe ‘5. 2 sop | nefiat | wor | wsooe-| s590.52 ee vequired a sett ne TREY UL, Here 2. ZD. 6 grealer than =D .s0, the feasible, in this ease.) raion likes (mL) = mis x S0x6OX24%n 3000. ine T r. a a er gt ee: aa wo altos ing fla [epee ose] ey | tm/e) Pa) (my | vrs) [en ee 539.521. “spy9.52 | ? | = ames fess [asanso4| jets [2203.2 Stornge capacity vequived for. © tebat deft (zo) 44920-41 x 408 ftves ees Sa ie gradea than Zo 30, tha prajeck 1 feasible y 4 eyarren 23. Quantity of F Tntreduction BE aaigarg oy we reisst romp delemrag dene Witmelien of design Fe° . oe By prsiaten fro cent ve 5 Iped (Geoerai a serelly 45 ipa ee B) Lovesieck demand = gusniiig. of sete requied fer domestic gnimals and yestocss (birds) 7 penerauy ..considened Towetimes considencd in Livestock demand showed not be “grealen than 207. of donente demand a. Medio zarmal difesmath qn (laras (eterens/uck) on. ‘c) ommeneial & Fostttutonal : “quash, ef woaten required for commensal & 4 public. ingttobions _ Ink hospitals offices et: commercial %._ fagtitubons! punpases 45 4 pea con be teken Dewan rpan anta_| Rural cen, StS |Ee)iar eat toed at fe eg ae LW aheve Bee ee we 2] Schools oe eee La) Boanclers 2 frereaty 3 ape] 93-60 APC f 8 tay, sotolans dita 1d Fay ae Sc a soo sises/tey a)uaiy ved so0- 1600 /dey seatigut tea scoot Restaunants 148 stall ba = | sage sfdoy_ | 225: soomiteny 0) onclanaed {net iped Resident | ee tres fe ics = ommedy ceosidoned in unban = Amniity. of castes requteect for various Induatrren = depends upoe the type _f the industry hence, colation demand (5 sepaiely dene. 25% of total demang for _incluatyial = Gmeyally taken os 2), Pabtic Loosicipal demand emmsidered only : 4 fn urban _aneag ant fer _municipel purposes. Feads & Sepang , wietin : 4 Pines \ ng -publre. parks sek: _ | ~ SMerdlly 20-25% of tolat demand | Mend if oko, co tts fe pa inn. ~ Mates dem, f- : Mie etahd_ef. tone. pule lores § wed Ve parks + 2 AL Steet swashiy tons 5/r0*/ dau i ‘ad 46 4s ale ey af oe = 3:5 sfm*/dey Sewer _cleancng Gonde £).R fire fighting stemnnd. _- z cutbresk of fire, the waten ts used. for fires is fa fire demand: — sed fo both ural & Eo iaeag aioe! efi ovenar = Different formulas ane. wed 4 IF (2-0-0306 ) | eurtonla sohee pea lees a prpe_yeints, ve & filings, 1d broken pipes foully ve eracked._and broken. sd_eamactvon_[Ihefe) sauowance, for Keeping cemercat_demaed + munsipa) demand 4 induotriat chmans + five fighting domane + Hs & wastage Shs aps dad sf vein al eins A Pes-capla demand ting. Pe capt dena of eaten = He a 48 - oat si Peccms stfectng Pe pita dewand te type of community size. bing Sedan panels we f system. of 0PM pconisnee en “L peig. of melee wate fap stood rah femeig a highen (2) ttebit of perl 2) Dielonee to. dap stand nearer tre inp + devand, 2), Urven_ve_raral nea denand. ee cates demand of. lentation._ hows 4g hows Max aul thera vevsations ane expressed °F Amount Average ily .concumption “ Tig RB apo loner fe te denna ay AFluent Goentny? ¥ “cupsictence (eumel the clamav! fn_gurat Shan sila dovand with respect te. ‘eonon fo, onsen, month. fe, fm fasvcder Sav ef water i rex _ cupped Tho pon capita decon He Aetal quality of sin He year days 3 ee alled annual 39 sewed and pen. pewwon, = degitnd varias fem season sain gurnen, demnd is highes beet lesson in cointer Macinam zeacenal dermnd * 130° AADC 11.9% Goy (im Tata (so) feu *E AADC = 2 * Gay (ie Hops eres the muti "ip footer in Sav. ts calles) ‘tft, aad. denoted by PE Then, PS Gort Fee [Pa ig Nepal] A Hotty vaastion feel ees foe sce eet: 40 month Setsidered in 5p We Gand Het ee wat ay THEM hers tee NCITCalege _by PF. Then, [Pro = 1 nepal enoted by in_Nepat We eet gered oo Met he wren nem cerantags CII Calle SL ipa Te eee pete a ~ demand. ~ Es Vest domo = PE Y Sov |... - Se Ponce, ve rwnipiying eter (FF? id peak Seton: Be ig ob taken oo 2 te 4 (gunersily 3) tn Nepal» PE = Pm Pty x PED + PFE dh design -p ee ie. period . Selection sign Teed 9 a4 ‘geen py pace year < SuRvey year t bo%e pertod ) Design penoel the period In future upto which any water suppl peget supposed to meet the dem any community. Tapered belwesn bass yeax and sewvice er design ye is taken ay _dengn poved Te should be _netget nesther long (nancral per short (uneconomical). tte taten aa 77-90 goons and__even He SD years Hf dam stomge i6-done. In Mepels Hig poved 2 generally taken ae 25-20 yrsan layete and. 25-30 (qnersily 26) Yous in urban ances | This He yoo upto obich easter demand 6 be farted : Gewice yoor = Swcuny yaont hase peered + design pers > base year + dasign period 33 the. A al sidering ac tt hana nel pene deat sol bend ‘tewioge: “k Aslabitity of find ee ozone fund » bghe> ol! a e ii constuction mater 2 bfes life of the pipes & const | ee ee en gprs See 3 Fite of = more the rate of interest ferent lesser peed 4. Aoltipated expansion rate of the mf gnats pote Ot teh eeu fiepat. for sa P Pewod is less ‘esign period : —TEYE.2 » design period ix 20 ues Petiod , ik te iS receseany uhine ps : SS foee pein he a ered vprakent ~THSNOlee se ge ee ES ree Fee increment of Pe sete FR. oF the ask, ns Shes nae » (ofa chang deepen et —- ee ment economic __ SUPPLY schene ro _ designed cothouk forectotigg the popt's the supply mgt vet meet Ne demand of He communtiy or sy b insfeasitle cand the projet become, uneconomical fF pepulston forecasting : BE vaio vas Actthmekte, Tnerease,_ method TA, Geemetrieal Tnerease method a areveaes method Aa frerementol rate of growth methad: « i a. 4. Peereasing Logistic. cue method graphical emettad /Grapheal oxtengion Gophical meted ple 2 companats te Masten Pi Ae Apperticoment method wetted Acctomene, Fis methad ic cuttasla for entextmom development. This inereane Telbed - longer ond old cites Prackeally mached the beed om the assumption that average oe" per time untt ‘c? is fafa ce Hearts Pye Pet Garb)e wheres et : Pas coef pope at time ty Ee a foe nth time ones. a Pes no. of present (last ereisn) poph om 00: of time untte (no. of yrs /decades ) SFO. inemane io pop Sen of pop eee a 2 Geometries! incrows SHE eed oe tthe loniom Sealy ereeg) SaBMeNP HOR tat thy @ . £28 toa eget aes oe: 1% population 56 BY arithmetic aug. method <= Mie meted 5 peveraily adopted Ys tate Erewea0@ im pop. tn ath deca . Peiginal pepe ee : {fer gach devas.) focrease method Impanvement oven srithmeticel & gecmabsic al method 2 fie aH mb ines both the Perement tn found: ‘From Ince 42a ownage. Increment of the Tne reas ~ Riersnenta increase) ig. found. The pope lesade_ ig found by adal B41 the present Me. pln the aw {e088 pe decades The proces AO the: and future decade & soon. _ 37 4. pecrense ete of prasrh imethed Tie method if asehu for te old astabisghacy thes BS _popt i appreaching te saturation 2 eale.of grmaiy je __sttiee sstesaing a i Ingk keowe gene [0 / ee ne oF poem dseh befows ath, Sp: decrees In of seerement CF nny method (5 pls. ghaphical. Ae fe smog iy Ase’ ewerding te its ed Tien, Pop 8. for thst IS: 45 found graph Mader planning method _(Zasig meted )- Te easter plan oft 16, prapaved tl fhe — cuthority ond falune expomaton ic strictly regulated ay ous bylawe-Jh thls method, We city is divided Be Tene ond the pop? denuitves for. various one, we fixed go that the pep can be forecasted cue fs ois one eg. TF Mote eve 10000 pts. fo.a, tone 4 & by tao 00 SOM SN a0 omy poatons i allwed 4 live loa plot KOM FOP in hat cone ig SS Leaged sing : Yes 3082 get agg gee Sanaa aS = 009 shoo ical 2500 —- © PoP a ty : Bematcat a yet, HEE Jac remestat Pee inereane_ method petrratce 5 - fae SE NGee 2041) 2eseo_( > eee) 833 Re fuass 7 22500 4359893, for Fhoay aoa _ (5041) ae (Br 2003) asco + 1.6x 4823 = Riewakte nena: cote [ea caa enn ee 4 end Trereane in pop? fer 2023) = a8 Gor 2029) 6 (24833 3232.8 n= 2.6 (fer 2023) = Fiveo (2* 24)? aag085 anc + ofntit Boas = same + ax4e9 + 201) 2950 = 28083, oma © 2200 +16K4993 + M6) XISO= 92793 Salewlate the dotat sates, deme 2001 as. 4, a village in ie Tre_dota conectedt sheng so vey Suwavey yous oe 2092 Bs gt” Senta. 3800 Pep” grew ay a PE ef cows *°: of poor, wee. 80:8 tea ote SF Stites — Pay sehdlans Demand calculation Dome demand = 4042 @ As dped ABLES Wped Afduy “Livestock demand = A) Fir bg animat “seeo.@ 48 ped © Game lvdey 4200 6 20. Sped deus ‘ amo 99 ya 2 bee ng ee 4,19,500 K/day Be —- PE oe fol & thsfltstena) dgfocind CH of demi F 7 sem ge. Pf carne ara _ 38968 I /dau 2 eo decd © 4890 waa, 2335. 40 43800 Ee 19.480 J/dey are rO~ a 238204 A/day 63 s.af z ually € = cuapren 4+ Sustby . Noida, & disselvay ae oa 3 £2 Ee fo water #54 4 suapended _imparitsn inorganic é cxgonre 3: Sand» ilk algae, bacteria > O*GO! neler. = ect fic. Tay remaia_in gapensrn dug 4o.,game_ Specfe: Sal ees : 4: Tag develop cola, 2lThey make tunbility Cenbichaer ) Nigh» Suapended sreelHGn 8 menue Ip demu of fortran Bey develop taste Om alerescopie Ths, ei ste Not rem, if STE by estim = Pewtop imentcto = Caung ~PERE_Canting nn she eT way ~Pidenieg T-tlars._enyes 1068 esi 64 sstiahlatiahiaetalaeeal oboe. =. Tiny. c2m@_ Io, continuous motion dua fo cepuls Removed by settlement 07 Pesttive change for neubralteation and = of ths _meaavied in ppm. Grants per arton) or g/t end. sbtained by eeighiog: the veadue after evaporation of the water sample from filtered sample. £8. oF calcu & Mergresium a : = Mine © pasagich, : tit eed cay Ete Cea a heveiness Con) Preswres. of carterater & bicalenatey _ Leiting be_mmeved by ) cell ap macroscopic i 7 as wel a2 five living ore tank Bg bo et a eS a ae or wndeinking of canter. t aga. mong. than one. hast to owoen Zs 0s of ton im the oy é or eombe Cale © iy 208. CHtTg = 10°F motes / tre fone of b77, 0 tm the min Sample fait, Titak votre ph of ane (pHbeie = Friel Selle: s suapendond Te= Tss+ TDS Tetcuinatces ef total solids CTs). Fle 100 te soe rt of wales 16 the crudtie and evoporle, it te diynsss f9 an_ oven, Bt 40s. Tate, wot oF day vesrdue left othe cervetble: te 2 wh of dey residue taf ezvetle in mp (mesa ol oF unalen samp “alee in eructita fie PEMD Detewsinalion of feted oissolved solide (705) Take Whatman files p2P! velsine of fered aves threugh this, FNer apes a4 and take wepoured Je 3 cvvctble then evapirate it fo dayness a4) ah cen of ssc. Toke wt of day reeidue, eA to the ereetbie Tas = ot, ob day residue left in emtertee fame fng/t or vol. of waka sample taken in erverble in Iles ppm) a Petexminat : oe Tes = 7 Alkewestiney » Take lhatran fit “4 ane voline oF water Take sot of clay Fikes paper. Ten, i the be residue (Fb on 4, reais fof in filen pape tr | hey PP Pevrofascbig © Sherine Piesoived sates Ty at 1 feelin Pre sence Yo tate res) Fite He oe teyneine. the quantity, of ween Lge HEL on pe : 28 men re VA S00-tse nS 690 xC mum, consumption: be eouamtnchieerne ghgulil. venarn bs Tip, tha 20ten se thet tk romaine. safe. agarnst pawnegenie, _bacieni@ BE piconet onugen Coe.) HET Ja cooler Tes content —Taependect open tho mount and hae it fresh & spanking AtraCatwe Fequiced Beet GoD hottle scontea! Hake Msawuing ayiinden . pipetes -ee in 18 componed with standaxcl _celouns to ages gar chlor 7. 2:05. 402-2 ppm “Guface emgg water pet enygen digmolved eithos from wdue te achvittes of agar and cow ting. Hewefocs: water 16. character of the. matter ix opted: Te amount of oxygen | that sonten coo hold dlepenas open emp: Te manne hak cmailen amount of omypen temp. Tre presence of D.0. in welt fe necessany de ighen ra. zx eager Requives : Siatignd manganese salpnage (Hino) ‘Acide allal_rodtde reagent (Nas + 0a0H + Kz) re sadivm wioestprose, A pe concentated 260% Oh ea Stic seeps on. 2 org eo hla te ear t acead ce with ate. The bettie = SES PRened son tock of shan soc completes ne Fittegs SR fing te da oF Hing MHS nck of the Fleets, ‘eith thee gran —2E_2 pipes, bee. stn aot Anping BY means of seat, : fost

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