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Pathophysiology of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

This document discusses the pathophysiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It lists modifiable risk factors like alcohol use, smoking, and eating contaminated food. It also lists non-modifiable factors like age and gender. The main cause discussed is Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori can attach to and damage the gastric mucosa through the release of enzymes and toxins, decreasing mucosal defenses and allowing acid to damage the gastric wall, potentially leading to ulcers, bleeding, and other symptoms.

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228 views1 page

Pathophysiology of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

This document discusses the pathophysiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It lists modifiable risk factors like alcohol use, smoking, and eating contaminated food. It also lists non-modifiable factors like age and gender. The main cause discussed is Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori can attach to and damage the gastric mucosa through the release of enzymes and toxins, decreasing mucosal defenses and allowing acid to damage the gastric wall, potentially leading to ulcers, bleeding, and other symptoms.

Uploaded by

kimmybapkidding
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pathophysiology of Upper

Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Modifiable Factors:
 Alcoholic Beverage Drinker Non-Modifiable Factors:
 Smoker (10sticks/day) since 20 years  Age (67 years old)
old.  Gender
 Eating and drinking contaminated
food and drinks

Causes: Helicobacter Pylori

H. Pylori migrate in less acidic region of the stomach.

H. Pylori use protein adhesion to stick in foveolar cell.

Urease Enzymes release Release of virulence factors

Increase Ammonia
Decrease secretion of prostaglandin and mucus

Decrease Gastric mucosal defense.


H. Pylori produce Cytotoxin
Produce Exotoxin associated Gene A
Vacuolating Cytotoxin Cell layer die
A
Ulceration Interfere with attachment
Epithelial Cell Death between epithelial cells.
Inflammation of gastric wall
Mucosal layer expose Induce inflammatory
to gastric acid Stimulate G cells to increase response with gastric lining.
secretion of gastrin.
GASTRITIS
Stimulate parietal cell and
increase hydrochloric acid.

Increase of damage of gastric


or duodenal ulcer.

Signs and Symptoms


Deepening of ulcer
Black tarry Stool
Abdominal Pain: Pain Erode underlying blood vessels
Scale of 10/10 and gastric walls.
Persistence of dizziness
Generalized Body Perforation of stomach
Weakness

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