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Теория

There are several types of electric vehicles defined by their power source and driving range. Pure electric vehicles (EVs) are powered solely by a battery that can be plugged into the mains, while plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have both an electric motor and an internal combustion engine. Extended range electric vehicles (E-REVs) are like EVs but have a generator to extend their range to around 50 miles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have a battery and internal combustion engine but cannot be plugged in. Most EVs use a single motor to power the wheels directly but some have hub motors integrated into the wheels. Hybrid layouts integrate an electric motor, battery, and internal combustion engine

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29 views9 pages

Теория

There are several types of electric vehicles defined by their power source and driving range. Pure electric vehicles (EVs) are powered solely by a battery that can be plugged into the mains, while plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have both an electric motor and an internal combustion engine. Extended range electric vehicles (E-REVs) are like EVs but have a generator to extend their range to around 50 miles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have a battery and internal combustion engine but cannot be plugged in. Most EVs use a single motor to power the wheels directly but some have hub motors integrated into the wheels. Hybrid layouts integrate an electric motor, battery, and internal combustion engine

Uploaded by

Emilia Vasileva
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)

Electric Vehicle/Car (EV), Electrically Generic terms for a vehicle powered, in


Chargeable Vehicle/Car part or in full, by a battery that can be
plugged into the mains.
Pure-EV, Pure-Electric Car, All Electric, A vehicle with a plug-in battery and an
Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), Fully internal combustion engine (ICE).
Electric Currently, typical PHEVs will have a pure-
electric range of 10-30 miles. After that,
the vehicle reverts to the benefits of full
hybrid capability.
Extended-Range Electric Vehicle(E-REV), A vehicle powered by a battery with an
Range-Extended Electric Vehicle (RE-EV) ICE-powered generator on board. E-REVs
are like pure-EVs but with a shorter
battery range of around 50 miles.
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), A hybrid vehicle is powered by a battery
Full/Normal/Parallel/Standard hybrid and/or an ICE. The power source is
selected automatically by the vehicle,
depending on speed, engine load and
battery charge.
Mild Hybrid This vehicle cannot be plugged in, or
driven solely on battery power.
Micro Hybrid Employs a stop-start system and
regenerative braking which charges the
12-V battery.
Stop-start Hybrid A stop-start system shuts off the engine
when the vehicle is stationary. An
enhanced started motor is used to
support the increased number of engine
starts.
Alternative Fuel Vehicle(AFV) Any vehicle that is not solely powered by
traditional fuels (i.e. petrol or diesel) is
referred to as alternative fuels.
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Petrol or diesel engine, as well as those
adapted to operate on alternative fuels
Electric motorcycle Battery only, so full electric drive
motorcycles can have a range of up to 60
miles.
Glossary
Chargeable
Generic terms
Plug into
Mains
Internal Combustion Engine
Revert
Capability
Extended range
Power source
Engine load
Solely
Employ
Regenerative braking
Shut off
Stationary
Enhanced started motor
Fuel

Key Fact
During 2014, over 75, 000 new EVs were registered in the EU.
Electric Vehicles EVs
Electrically Chargeable Vehicles ( ECVs) refers to any vehicle that is powered in part or
in full, by a battery that can be directly plugged into the mains.
EV refers to all types of electric vehicle.
Battery range of

I. Electric vehicle layouts


Identifying electric vehicles
There are several types of electric
vehicle, but many look very similar to
their none- electric counterparts. The
following pictures show some common
types.
Figure 1 Plug-in hybrid car – VW
Golf GTE (Source: Volkswagen)
Figure 2 Hybrid car – Toyota Prius
Figure 3 Pure electric car –
Nissan Leaf

Electric vehicle technology


Single motor
The ‘classic’ pure-EV layout is to use a single motor driving either the front or rear
wheels. Most EVs of this type do not have a transmission gearbox because the motor
operates at suitable torque throughout the speed range of the vehicle.
VW Golf-e layout with the motor at the front and the battery at the rear (Source:
Volkswagen Media)

EV motor PHEV layout

Hybrid cars vary in layout. The obvious difference being the addition of an ICE.
The motor for the plug-in hybrid is shown here, where it forms part of the gearbox
assembly. Motors used on light hybrids are sometimes described as integrated motor
assist (IMA) because they form part of the flywheel. This type of motor is shown as
Figure 1 and 2
Figure 1 PHEV engine, motor
and gearbox

Figure 2 Motor integrated with the engine flywheel

integrated
flywheel
engine flywheel
Integrated motor assist
front wheels
rear wheels
Transmission gearbox
Torque
Wheel motors

Also known as in-wheel motors or hub motors, are a type of electric


motor that is integrated directly into a vehicle's wheels. These
motors are used in electric vehicles (EVs) to provide propulsion.
Disadvantages of wheel motors in electric vehicles: Unsprung weight:
Wheel motors add weight directly to the wheels, which is considered
"unsprung" weight. This can negatively impact ride comfort.

Wheel motors
Hub motors
Integrated
Propulsion
Disadvantage
Unsprung
Weight
impact
II. Hybrid electric vehicle layouts
Hybrid vehicles use at least one electric drive motor and an internal
combustion
engine (ICE). We generally refer to the ICE as an engine and the
electric drive motor as a motor. There are three main aims in the
design of a hybrid vehicle:
1 Reduction in fuel consumption (and CO2).
2 Reduction in emissions.
3 Increased torque and power

A hybrid vehicle needs a battery to supply the motor; this is


sometimes called an accumulator. The most common types are
nickel–metal hydride (Ni–MH) or lithium-ion (Li-ion) and usually
work at voltages between 200 and 400 V.
Hybrids can be classified in:
Start/stop system.
Mild hybrid.
Strong hybrid.
Plug-in hybrid.

Hybrid layout: 1, ICE; 2, clutch; 3, motor; 4, transmission; 5, inverter;


6, battery
At least
Refer to
Aims
Reduction
Consumption
Emissions
Increase
Torque
Power
Accumulator
The most
Nickel-metal hydride
Lithium-ion
Classified
Clutch
Transmission
Inverter
TEST

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