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Clinical Engineering II-2

This document is a 3-hour final qualifying exam for Clinical Engineering II students at the Kenya Medical Training College Department of Medical Engineering. It consists of 7 questions testing students' knowledge of various topics in biomedical instrumentation. Students are instructed to answer any 5 of the 7 questions, which cover areas like medical and engineering classifications of devices, physiological measurement errors, anesthesia equipment, ophthalmic devices, ultrasound machines, and components of medical instrumentation systems.

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Waltas Kariuki
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850 views4 pages

Clinical Engineering II-2

This document is a 3-hour final qualifying exam for Clinical Engineering II students at the Kenya Medical Training College Department of Medical Engineering. It consists of 7 questions testing students' knowledge of various topics in biomedical instrumentation. Students are instructed to answer any 5 of the 7 questions, which cover areas like medical and engineering classifications of devices, physiological measurement errors, anesthesia equipment, ophthalmic devices, ultrasound machines, and components of medical instrumentation systems.

Uploaded by

Waltas Kariuki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KMTC/QP-08/TIS

C/E II
January, 2013
3 Hours

KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE


DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL ENGINEERING

DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL ENGINEERING

FINAL QUALIFYING EXAMINATION

CLINICAL ENGINEERING II

Time: 3 HOURS.

Instructions to the candidates


 This paper consists of SEVEN questions, answer any FIVE questions.
 All questions carry equal marks.
 You should have the following for this examination;
i) Non programmable calculator.
ii) Drawing instruments.
iii) Answer booklet, which is provided.
 Maximum marks for each part of a question are shown.

This paper consists of three (3) printed pages


© 2013, Kenya Medical Training College
KMTC/QP-08/TIS

1. a) (i) Name any two engineering classifications of Biomedical instrumentation.

1
KMTC/QP-08/TIS

(ii) List any two medical classification of biomedical instrumentation. (4 marks)


b) (i) List any four physiological effects of muscle stimulator.
(ii) Draw the two waveforms of electro surgery unit and state their functions. (8 marks)
c) Explain the following types of measurement errors and in each case state an example where
such an error can be found;
(i) Theoretical error
(ii) Dynamic error (8 marks)

2. a) Explain the following terms as applied to anaesthesia;


(i) Local Anaesthesia
(ii) General Anaesthesia (4 marks)
b) (i) State any three effect of short wave diathermy on body tissues.
(ii) List any three important features of a modern short wave machine. (6 marks)
c) The data below were collected by measurement with a voltmeter:
4.35 ,6.21 , 5.05 ,3.99 , 3.02 , 6.0 , 4.77 , 3.3 , 4.05 ,5.43 .
Determine;
(i) Mean
(ii) Variance
(iii) Standard deviation (10 marks)

3. a) Explain the functions of the following physiological systems of the body;


(i) Cardiovascular system
(ii) Respiratory (4 marks)
b) With the aid of a labeled diagram, explain the principle of a spring balance. (6 marks)
(i) Main requirements for producing x-rays
(ii) State and explain the functions of the seven parts of a diagnostic x-ray unit.
(10 marks)

4. a) Explain how the following humidifier’s operate;


(i) Heated humidifier
(ii) Nebulizer (6 marks)
b) Explain the function of the following ophthalmic equipment;
(i) Retinoscope
(ii) Slit lamp
(iii) Ultrasound B – Scan
(iv) Keratometer (8 marks)
c) State the essential components of ultrasound therapy machine and explain their functions.
(6 marks)

5. a) (i) Explain the term Man – Machine system as applied to Biomedical instrumentation.
(ii) Differentiate between clinical and research instrumentation. (6 marks)
b) Explain the three types of scan probes used in ophthalmic Ultrasound machines. (6 marks)
c) State any two effects produced by ultrasound energy on the body tissue and explain the
effect of each. (4 marks)
d) State the Planned Preventive Maintenance(PPM) requirements for a diaphragm suction
pump. (4 marks)

2
KMTC/QP-08/TIS

6. a) (i) Write down the calibration procedure of a Keratometer.


(ii) Distinguish between Ultrasound A and B scans. (8 marks)
b) An electronic amplifier circuit contains fine independent noise sources that produces the
following de-correlated noise signal voltage levels;
Vn1 = 25 nanovolts (nV), Vn2 = 56 nV, Vn3 = -33nV, Vn4 = -10nV, and Vn5 = 62nV.
Determine the root-sum square(Vrss) value of the composite noise signal given that
. (6 marks)
c) (i) Explain the meaning of the term artefacts as used in ultra sound.
(ii) State four ways by which ultra sound images can be recorded. (6 marks)

7. a) Describe the basic functioning of an X-ray image intensifier. (2 marks)


b) State any three advantages and any three disadvantages of fluoroscopy. (6 marks)
c) Draw a general labeled block diagram of a medical instrumentation system and explain the
function of the main blocks. (12 marks)

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