LANAO CENTRAL COLLEGE INC.

DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES

“SUMMARY”
A NARRATIVE REPORT

PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF

ISLAMIC STUDIES DEPARTMENT

Presented by
College of Islamic Studies major in Sharia Law Students
2nd Year
KHAWARIJ
“The first Mubtadi”

HANEYA MASACAL
NORAIN SEMA
HEDAYA INDAR
NASHIBA JUNAID
 KHAWARIJ; The First Mubtadi
The Khawarij were the first of the Ahlul Bid’ah who separated away from the group of
Muslims, they were called Khawarij Mariqun. They rebelled against the best of the Muslims. The
origin of their misguidance is their belief regarding the guided rulers. It appeared during the rule
of Ali bin Abi Talib r.a.

Characteristics of Khawarij
1.They are mostly young in age.
The Messenger of Allah said:
At the end of time (meaning: the last days of the world), there will appear some people
among you who are young in age, immature and senseless; they will use the best of the speech of
the people in their claims, and they will leave Islam just as the arrow pierces the body of the game
and then abandons it. Their faith will not go past their throats, so wherever you see them, kill them;
for their killing will be recompensed and rewarded on the Day of Judgement. (Bukhari)
2.They are immature.
This is evident in the members of these organizations—in what they preach and how they
defend themselves. In fact, those who have left these groups after having been members confess
that their judgement had been clouded (when they were part of these organizations).
3.They quote the Quran and Hadith to their perverted purposes
As is pointed out in the aforementioned hadith, they use the Quran, the Sunnah, and
scholarly statements to support their claims, despite the fact that all of these evidences and proofs
are against them and not for them. They recite the Quran, thinking that it is for them (i.e. supporting
their claims) while it is against them. (Muslim)
4.They do not have a deep understanding of Islam.
The Prophet said: They recite the Quran but it does not go past their throats, meaning that
the teachings of the Quran do not enter their hearts, nor do they understand or comprehend
them.This characteristic is very discernible in the Khawarij, as they possess no true knowledge nor
do they strive to attain it. They are not known to accompany the scholars or attend their study
circles; instead, their main occupation is being updated on the latest news, rumors, and snippets of
information that has no benefit in terms of Islamic learning.
They consider the most intelligent amongst them to be the one who has spent the most time
in acquiring the most recent events and views. As for the Quran, the Sunnah and the teachings of
scholars, they have no interest in them nor do they invest time in pursuing them.
5. They show unnecessary excessiveness in their acts of worship.
The Messenger of Allah said: Your prayer does not compare to their prayer, nor does your
fasting compare to their fasting, nor does your recitation compare to their recitation (Muslim). And
in another narration, he said: You will slight your prayers in comparison to theirs (Bukhari and
Muslim). This characteristic is not very apparent in the Khawarij of our times, but it was
manifested in the earlier Khawarij. For many of the Khawarij of today are morally corrupt and
foulmouthed, and have no concern for acts of worship.
As for the ones from amongst them who are concerned with worship, they are extremely
arrogant and boastful about it. Their outward religiosity, however, prompts some Muslims to
defend them and to try to find excuses for their arrogant behavior. But this defense is untenable,
for soundness of intention is not the only condition for an act of devotion to be accepted; there is
another important requirement: following the normative Sunnah of the Prophet and that of his
Companions.
Imam Al-Ajurri (d. 360 h.) said:
“If you see a group of people lead an armed rebellion against the ruler—just or otherwise—
in which they spill Muslims’ blood indiscriminately and without batting an eye, you should not
doubt for a second that they are wretched deviants—no matter how beautifully they recite the
Quran, or how meticulous they are in their Salah, or how persistent in their fasting, or how
attractive their discourse is. (Kitab Al Shari’ah, 1/345)”
6.They kill the believers and spare the idolaters.
The Messenger of Allah said: They kill the Muslims and spare the idolaters. If I live to see
them I will kill them like the killing of (the people of ‘Aad). (Bukhari and Muslim).
7.They go to the extreme in religion until they abandon it.
The Prophet said about the ideological progenitor of the Khawarij, Dhul Khuwaisirah:
Leave him, for there will issue from his loins (progeny) a people who will go to the extreme in
religion until they abandon it altogether, just as the arrow pierces the body of the game and then
abandons it. (Ahmad)
Say (O Muhammad): “Shall We tell you the greatest losers in respect of (their) deeds?
Those whose efforts have been wasted in this life while they thought that they were acquiring good
by their deeds! [Sûrat Al-Kahf, 18:103-104]
It is reported that a man from the Khawarij asked ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib about this verse and
the latter replied: “It is alluding to you, O people of Harura’.” (Harura’ was a town which the
Khawarij occupied and made the seat of their government.) (Tafsir Al-Tabari)
8.They insult and defame Muslim leaders, declaring them to be misguided.
In this, they tread in the footsteps of their ideological ancestor, Dhu Al-Khuwaisirah, who
said to the Messenger of Allah as he was distributing the war booty: O Muhammad, be just [in
your distribution of the booty], for this is not the distribution of a man who seeks Allah’s pleasure.
(Ibn Majah) For this reason, the scholars have considered Dhul Khuwaysarah to be the progenitor
of the Khawarij.
 Similarly, the Khawarij agitated the people against caliphs ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan and ‘Ali
ibn Abi Talib in their respective reigns so much so that the people saw them in a negative light and
repelled against them. Imam Tabari mentioned in his Tarikh the message which the arch agitator
against ‘Uthman— ‘Abdullah ibn Sabâ’—gave to his followers on how to deal with ‘Uthman.

He said: “March forth fervently in pursuit of this goal, and begin with defaming the leaders
while feigning the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice. Attract the people and make
them incline towards you while calling them to this matter (of disunity and rebellion against the
leaders.)”
Al-Tabari said: “So he (Ibn Sabâ’) sent his missionaries, and kept close contact with those
who shared his evil motives and designs in other Muslim lands. They advocated their opinions
secretly while feigning to uphold the Islamic principle of Promoting Virtue and Preventing Vice.
They wrote letters to the various Muslim regions and localities, defaming the leaders. They kept
each other updated on the events of their countries, so that they encompassed the entire region with
their connections and circulation of news. They did all of this while hiding their true intentions.”
(Tabari’s Tarikh Al-Umam wa Al-Muluk, 4/340)
This has continued to be the method of the Khawarij ever since their movement reared its
hideous head up until the present time, as they are active participants in gossipy gatherings on the
Internet. Such has become their main concern and occupation.
9.They appear in times of disunity and strife (mentioned in a hadith reported by Bukhari
and Muslim).
They did not appear in Syria, Iraq, and other war-torn countries except when there was
disunity and discord in these lands. Similarly, the earlier Khawarij movement intensified after the
murder of caliph ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan, an incident that stirred up disruption and disagreement
among the Prophet’s Companions.
10.The Khawarij do not hold the scholars and people of knowledge in high esteem if their
opinions do not conform with theirs.
They consider themselves more knowledgeable than ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib, Ibn ‘Abbas, and
the rest of the Companions. Consequently, they have caused the Companions a great deal of trouble
and harm.Moreover, they treated the scholars from the generation after the Companions in a similar
manner. For example, they criticized Al-Hasan Al-Basri when he opposed the followers of Ibn Al-
Ash’ath as they attempted to rebel against the tyrannical ruler, Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf Al-Thaqafi.
When the Khawarij perceived Al-Hasan Al-Basri’s disagreement with their misguidance and
falsehood, they slandered him by saying: “Should we obey this infidel?” Furthermore, they
accused him of being a loyal subject to the oppressive ruler. In the end, their fate was that some of
them were killed while some suffered increased dictatorship at the hands of Al-Hajjaj. (Tabaqat
Ibn Sa’d 7/163).
 The present day Khawarij have a similar attitude towards contemporary scholars, such as
Shaikh Ibn Baz, Shaikh Ibn Uthaymin and others, whom they dismiss as: “scholars subservient to
kings,” “the scholars of menses and postpartum bleeding,” “they do not possess knowledge of
reality,” and “they are indifferent.”
All of this malicious gossip and defamation from the Khawarij was because of the fact that
those scholars opposed their religious opinions and attitudes.
11.They quote verses about fighting the idolaters to justify their fight against the believers.
ibn ‘Umar said: “They (the Khawarij) took verses about the disbelievers and used them
against the believers.” (Bukhari)

12.The Khawarij accuse of apostasy the people who oppose their opinion and stance, and
consider it legal (halal) to kill them.
Al-Safirini said concerning the opinions of Nafi’ ibn ‘Abdullah Al-Azraq (the ideological founder
of Al Azâriqa sect of the Khawarij), “He accuses those who disagree with him of apostasy and
considers it legal (halal) to kill them.” (Lawami’ Al-Anwar, 1/86) This is manifest in the way that
they murdered the noble Companion ‘Abdullah ibn Khabbab, while he was travelling with his
wife. They confronted him and blocked his path, challenging him, they asked, “Who are you?” He
replied, “I am ‘Abdullah ibn Khabbab, a Companion of the Messenger of Allah.”

Don’t be Misled by Today’s Khawarij

the preceding is a summarized compilation of the characteristics of the Khawarij that fully
apply to the present day Khawarij. With this in mind, the intelligent Muslim will not doubt now
that the aforementioned groups and individuals properly identify as the Khawarij of today, even if
they claim to be Salafi, “the People of Tawhîd” or proclaim themselves defenders of the Sunnah.
It is a lie, however much they may deny it.
The Muslim Ummah has not received any help or support from the Khawarij; rather, they
have massacred the believers and helped the disbelievers, atheists, and hypocrites. This is the truth
about them.
Know that the act of trying to convince, advise and deter the Khawarij is a noble act which
reaps huge rewards and is a form of Jihad (struggling) for the sake of Allah, in addition to fighting
them if needs be. Moreover, debating them and spreading awareness about the falsehood of their
ideology is also encouraged. Narrations about the virtues of opposing them are plentiful in the
ahadith of the Messenger of Allah, in the slayings of his Companions, and in the statements of
those who followed their guidance.
The Messenger of Allah said:
“So wherever you see them, kill them, for their killing will be recompensed and rewarded on the
day of Judgement.”
He also said:
If the army that is to encounter them (the Khawarij) were to know of the rewards that they
have been promised, they would never turn back from this deed. (Muslim)”
Those who have been killed by the Khawarij receive glad tidings, as the Messenger of Allah said:
“The best people killed are those who are killed by them.”
He also said:
“Glad tidings for the one who kills them or is killed by them. “(Graded Sahîh, narrated by
Imam Ahmad)
Therefore, those who excuse the behavior of the Khawarij, deny those who oppose them,
justify their stance, or consider them to be legitimate mujahidin, they should fear Allah.
 JAHMIYAH
“a theological sect affiliated with Islam”

MOHAMMAD RAYYAN H.Z. CAIRODEN

 JAHMIYAH
“a theological sect affiliated with Islam”

‫اإلسالم إلى تنتسب كالميَّة فرقة هي المعَ ِّطلَة أو الجهمية‬. ‫الذين الخوارج على ردًا ظهرت التي المرجئة غالة فرق إحدى وهي‬
‫بالذنوب يكفرون‬، ‫الترمذي صفوان بن الجهم مؤسسها يد على الثاني الهجري القرن من األول الربع في ظهرت‬، ‫من وهو‬
‫الخالصة الجبرية‬، ‫بترمذ دعوته ظهرت‬، ‫أمية بني ملك آخر في بمرو المازني أحوز بن سلم وقتله‬. ‫نفي في المعتزلة وافق‬
‫األزلية الصفات‬

The Jahmiyyah or the Mu'talilah are a theological sect affiliated with Islam. It is one of
the extremist Murji’ah sects that appeared in response to the Kharijites who disbelieve in sins. It
appeared in the first quarter of the second Hijri century at the hands of its founder, Al-Jahm bin
Safwan Al-Tirmidhi , who was from pure Jabriyah . His call appeared in Tirmidh, and Sallam
bin Ahwaz Al- Mazni killed him in Maru at the end of the year. King of the Umayyads. The
Mu'tazilites agreed in denying eternal attribute

Beliefs:

Translating God, denying the simile, and interpreting the verses that feel like the simile,
as the plot of God and His face, Glory be to Him. Among the attributes that they attributed to the
attribute of speech, they used to say that the speech of God is only within Himself - Glory be to
Him - and this resulted in the statement that the Qur’an was created. They also denied seeing
God in the afterlife and used as evidence God Almighty’s saying: {The eyes do not perceive
Him}, and they said that the nature of God is higher than that. Seen with human eyes.

They denied God's eternal attributes, such as power, will, and knowledge, and said that
these attributes are the same as His essence, and are not independent of Him. That is, He is not
capable with power other than Himself, nor is He willing with a will other than Himself, and He
is not knowledgeable with knowledge other than Himself.

Man is not described as being able to act. Rather, he is forced by the actions that God
creates, just like what He creates in all inanimate objects, and attributing action to him is only by
way of metaphor, as it is said that the water flowed, the sun rose, and the sky became
cloudy...etc., and because of this point, they are considered fatalistic.

Faith is a contract with the heart, even if a person utters disbelief, and faith does not harm
anything with it, and because of this point they are considered Murji’ah
MURJI’AH
“the Murji'tes”

MAMPAO, ISHAC S.
 (MURJI'AH)

Murjiah is an early Islamic school, whose followers are known in English language as
Murjites or Murji'tes(those who postponed)

A part from kharijites and shia , other trends of thought emerged during first and second
centuries of islam. Some of these were refinements of position adopted by earlier group on
theological or religio-political matters.

Murji'tes doctrine held that only god has the authority to judge who is a true muslim and
who is not, and that muslims should considered all other muslim as part of the community.

Murji'tes considered genuine belief in and submission in and submission to god to be

more important than act of piety and good works.

they believe muslims committing grave sins would remain muslim and be eligible for
paradise if they remained faithful.

the Murji'tes opinion on the issues of whether one committing a grave sin remains a
believer was adopted with modification by later theological school - Maturidi, As'ari, and
mu'tazili.

Murjiah are classified as " Ahlul Bid'ah or people of innovation" by traditional sunni
Muslims.
 MU'TAZILA
‫ةلزتعم‬

MOHAMMADNOR D. AMEROL
 MU'TAZILA ‫ةلزتعم‬

Mu'tazilism (Arabic: ‫ ﻟﻤﻌﺘﺰﻟﺔ ا‬al-muʿtazilah) is a theological movement that appeared in early

Islamic history and flourished in Basra and Baghdad. Its adherents, the Mu'tazila or Mu'tazilites,
were known for their neutrality in the dispute between Ali and his opponents after the death of the
third caliph, Uthman.Bythe10th century the term al-muʿtazilah had come to refer to adistinctive
Islamic school of speculative theology (kalām). [1][2][3] This school of theology was founded by
Wasil ibn Ata.[4]

The later Mu'tazila school developed an Islamic type of rationalism, partly influenced by
AncientGreekphilosophy,basedaroundthreefundamentalprinciples:theoneness (Tawhid) and
justice(Al-'adl)of God,[5] human freedom faction, and the creation of the Quran.[6] The
Muʿtazilites are best known for rejecting the doctrine of the Quran as uncreated and co-eternal
with God,[7] asserting that if the Quran is the literal word of God, he logically "must have preceded
his own speech".[8] This went against the orthodox Sunni position (followed by the Ashʿarī,
Māturīdī and the Traditionalist (Athari) schools[8])whicharguedthatwithGodbeingall-
knowing,hisknowledgeofthe Quran must have been eternal, hence uncreated just like him.[9] The
school also worked to resolve the theological "problem of evil",[10] arguing that since God is just
and wise, he cannot command what is contrary to reason or act with disregard for the welfare of
His creatures; consequently evil must be regarded as something that stems from errors in human
acts, arising from man's divinely bestowed free will.[11][12] The Mu'tazila opposed secular
rationalism, but believed that human intelligence and reason allowed Man to understand religious
principles; that good and evil are rational categories that could be" established through unaided
reason".[10][13][14][15][16] The movement reached its political height during the Abbasid
Caliphate during the "mihna",an18-yearperiod(833–851CE)of religious persecution instituted by
the 'Abbasid Caliph al-Ma'mun where religious scholars were punished, imprisoned, or even killed
unless they conformed to Muʿtaz
SOURCE: www.wikipidea.com.ph&JurisprudencebyJashimA.Abdulrahman
SHI’AH
“The Twelver’s”

IBRAHIM, SOHAILAH S.
SUMNDAD, SORAYA M.
OMAR, AMERA C.
 SHI'A
Shi'ite or shi'i is someone originally who believe that the first four caliphs are not the
rightful successors of prophet Muhammad (Pbuh) instead, they give this position to Muhammad
(pbuh)'s son-in-law, Ali bin abi talib.
What is Shia Islam?
Shia Islam, on the other hand, is a smaller branch of Islam. Someone who observes or
follows Shia Islam is known as a Shi'ite or Shi'i. Shia Muslims believe that the first four caliphs
are not the rightful successors of Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him). Instead, they give this
position to Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him)’s son-in-law, Ali ibn Abi Talib and his descendants.
Shia Muslims believe that some of Ali’s descendants hold special spiritual and political authority
over the community and possess a range of divinely given traits. There are many sub-divisions of
Shia Islam, but the 2 main ones are Twelver and Ismaili’s. Twelver’s are the biggest and most
influential group in Shia Islam.
The Sunni and Shia Muslims. Originally the two denominations were united but, after the
death of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) in 632 AD, the Sunni and Shia Muslims
split. The Sunnis became a more conservative denomination, but the Shia Muslims stayed more
traditional.
The Sunni Muslims believe that the first four caliphs should have succeeded Muhammad
(Peace Be Upon Him), but the Shia Muslims believe it should have been someone in Muhammad
(Peace Be Upon Him)’s bloodline.
In Shia Islam, Imams are only appointed by God. In Shia Islam, Imams are also the only legitimate
interpreters of the Quran.
Some of them believes
• Flagellation as a way of honour - Shia Muslims actively practise self-flagellation as a way
to honour and commemorate the martyrdom of Hussein.
• Praying at graves - Shia Muslims have no issues with praying at graves and even
encourage it. They hold the belief that even if a fellow Shia Muslim has passed away, they are still
of the way of Allah.
• Angels do have free will - Shia Muslims believe that angels do have free will and, whilst
they are obedient to God’s commandments, they are able to stray and disobey Him. Shi’ites believe
that they are not disobedient, though, because they have no desire to sin.
• Imam Mahdi, as their 12th imam will appear at the end of the day - Shia Muslims believe
that if they follow Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) and the Twelve Imams, they are guaranteed
to get into Paradise
AL-QADARIYYAH
“methodology consists of negating Al-Qadar”

MARUHOM, PUTRI NAYLA I.

SAMBITORY, SHAMRAINA B.
GRANDE, JANIRA M.
 “SECTS OF THE UMMAH”
Hafs Bin Humaid (rahimahullaah) said: I said to Abdullah Ibnul Mubarak (rahimahullaah),
"How many sects has this Ummah spilt into?" So he said, "The foundation of the sects are four:
The shia, the hurooriyyah (i.e. khawaarij), the qadariyyah and the murjiah. The shia (further)
split into twenty-two sects; the hurooriyyah (further) split into twenty-one sects; the gadariyyah
(further) split into sixteen sects and the muriah (further) split into thirteen sects.”
The founder of Al-Qadariyyah was Mabad Al-Juhani Al-Basri. who lived near the end of
the era of the Companions, and he was followed by Ghaylaan Ad-Dimishqi. The Companions,
such as 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar, Abu Hurayrah, Ibn 'Abbaas, Anas ibn Maalik, 'Abdullaah ibn Abi
Awfa, 'Uqbah ibn 'Aamir Al-Jahni and others all, dissociated themselves from them [both and their
sect]. Yahya ibn Ya'mur related that he had told Ibn 'Umar about how the members of Al-
Qadariyyah would deny fate, whereupon he distanced himself from them and told him that Allah
the Almighty would not accept any of their good deeds, even if they were the sincerest of His
worshippers, until they believed in predestined decree. [Muslim]
Shaykh ibn Uthaymeen (rahimahullaah) said:
Al-Qadariyyah - Their methodology consists of negating Al-Qadar from the actions of the
servant and that his desire and ability are independent from the Desire and Ability of Allaah. The
first to manifest this view openly was Mu'bad Al-Juhnee, in the last part of the era of the
Sahaabah. He learned it from a Majoosee man from Al-Basrah. They are divided into two groups,
one that is extreme and one that is not extreme. The extremist group rejects the attributes of
knowledge, desire, ability and creating from Allah in favor of the actions of the servant. This type
of people has now become extinct or close to it. Those that are not extreme believe that Allah is
knowledgeable of the actions of the servant. However, they reject its occurring by His desire,
ability and creating.
Al-Khattaabi (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) likened them to Magians because
their views were similar to the views of the Magians who believe in two principles, light and
darkness, and they claimed that good is the action of the light and evil is the action of darkness, so
they became believers in dualism. Similarly, the Qadaris attribute good to Allah, may He be
exalted, and they attribute evil to someone other than Him, but Allah, may He be glorified and
exalted is the Creator of both good and evil; neither of them could happen except by His will, so
they are attributed to Him in the sense that He created them and brought them into being, and they
are attributed to the ones who do them of His slaves in the sense that they commit these actions.
End quote.
The people of Al-Qadariyyah deny the existence of fate and contend that Allah the
Almighty does not have knowledge of occurrences beforehand. Their belief indicates that He is
not aware of things until after they come to pass and this is a clear negation of His Prior
Knowledge. It is an unmistakable aberration, disbelief in Allah the Almighty and denial of
indisputably established religious facts.
“Indeed, all things We created with predestination.” [Quran 54:497]
“No disaster strikes upon the earth or among yourselves except that it is in a register before We
bring it into being - indeed that, for Allah, is easy” [Quran 57:22]
On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn Al-'Aas and his father, the Messenger of Allah,
sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, said that Allaah the Almighty set down the fate of the creation, fifty
thousand years before fashioning the heavens and the earth, and that His Throne was over the
water. [Muslim]
The Magi of the Muslim Ummah are Al-Qadariyyah who denied Predestination and went
astray in this regard, saying that matters are not known to Allah before their occurrence. They thus
followed the Magi who stated that man has two gods: the god of light and the god of darkness.
They also claimed that the god of light created good, whereas the god of darkness created evil.
They were also imitated in such belief by Al-Qadariyyah, who denied Predestination and
associated others with Allah in what He does, through claiming that they create their actions.
PROPHET’S WARNING AGAINST THIS SECT:
This hadeeth was narrated by Abu Dawood in his Sunan (4961), Kitaab al-Sunnah, Baab
fi'l-Qadar: It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) that he said: "The Qadaris (those who deny al-gadar)
are the Magians of this ummah. If they get sick, do not visit them and if they die, do not attend
(their funerals).”
 SUFI
(Sufism an Islamic Mysticism)

ESRAFIL M. SAMALODEN
HANAFIE M. HADJI NAIF
 The Sufi or Sufism in Islam
(Islamic Mysticism)

The Origins of Sufism

 There is disagreement among religious scholars and Sufis themselves about the origins of
Sufism.

 Sufism, also known as Tasawwuf in Arabic, is a mystical and spiritual dimension of Islam
that focuses on the inward search for God and spiritual closeness to the Divine

 Early Islamic scholars and ascetics, known as "Zuhhad" and "Abdal," played a crucial
role in the development of Sufism.

 Abd-Allah Ibn Muhammad ibn Al-Hanafiyyah was the first person to be called a SUFI.

What is Sufism

 The Sufi way personifies exemplary character traits (Akhlaq) and propriety (Adab).

 The Sufi is way is about purifying the heart and the soul.

 The Sufi way is a ceaseless spiritual combat.

 Sufism means Sincerity.

 Sufism means standing upright on the straight path (Istiqamah)

Well known Sufism

well-known Sufi masters like Rumi, Ibn Arabi, and Al-Ghazali would contribute
significantly to the development and popularization of Sufi teachings.

Notable Early Sufis: One of the earliest and most influential figures in Sufism was Hasan
al-Basri (d. 728 CE), who is considered one of the pioneers of Islamic mysticism. Rabia al-Basri
(d. 801 CE) is another early Sufi figure, known for her profound devotion to God.

Sufism; wisdom of all faiths

 The word Sufi comes from a Persian word meaning wisdom.

 There is no doubt that Sufism represents the heart, essence and spiritual dimension of
Islam.
  This means that Sufism embodies one of the most fruitful trees of knowledge and gnosis
in the garden of Islam.

Sufism belief and faith

 Seek to find the truth of divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of
God
 Sufis believe that by giving BAY’AH (pledging Allegiance) to a legitimate Sufi Sheikh,
one is pledging allegiance to Muhammad (SWT).

Belief system

 Some Sufi and other Muslims believe that Dargahs are portals by which they can invoke
the deceased saint’s intercession.
 ‘’Darajah’’means dignity or order

Practices and Rituals

Sufi cared only for the hearts inner disposition, they were not conformists who required
that true Muslims should everywhere submit to the same outwards modes.

Sufi engage in the celebration of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) birthday, the visitation
of, and performance of rituals at Shrines and graves, meditation, and abstinence.

The main teaching of Sufism

A. There is only one god and all people are his Children.
B. All Human beings are equal.
C. Different religions are different paths leading to one God.
D. All religions must be respected.

ANALYSIS

The dhikr involves recitation of devotional Islamic prayer. This dhikr is coupled with physical
exertions of movements.

Specifically dancing and whirling, in order to reach a state assumed by outsiders to be one of
“Ecstatic trances”

CONCLUSION

Sufism, mystical movement within Islam that seeks to find divine love and knowledge through
direct personal experience of God.
 JABARIYYAH
“jabara’, which means compulsion and coercion in doing something”

OMAIR DIMAKUTA
SAYFULLAH MACOTE
ALKHAIR BUSRAN
 JABARIYYAH

JABARIYYAH originated from the word ‘jabara’, which means compulsion and coercion
in doing something. (Refer: al-Munjid, page 78). Technically, Al-Jabr means denying free-will
upon humans and everything is predetermined in the hands of Allah. The Jabrites are divided into
some groups, among them are Jabariyyah Khalisah (Pure Jabrites) and Jabariyyah Mutawassitah
(Medium / Middle Jabrites).

Al-Ja’d Bin Dirham he was the founder of jabariyyah and he was originally from and
Khurasan and the first person to say that the Qur’aan is created. He took this Bidah from Bayaan
Bin Sam’aan, who took it from Taaloot the son of the sister of Labeed Bin A’sam, and Taaloot
took it from Labeed Bin Asam – the Yahoohi magician who casted a magic spell on Allaah’s
Messenger [peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him]. Then Al-Jahm Bin Safwaan took this
Bidah from Ja’d Bin Dirham, Bishr Al-Mareesee took it from Al-Jahm and Ahmad Bin Abee
Du’aad took it from Bishr. Al-Jahm was executed at Asbahaan and it also said that he was executed
at Marw by Salaam Bin Ahwaz [rahimahullaah] who was a governor.

Jabariyyah Khalisah is a group of people who absolutely deny free-will and believe that
humans have no power upon everything. While, Jabariyyah Mutawassitah still acknowledge the
will of a human, but claim it as having no effect. They named this exertion (kasb) as al-qudrah al-
hadithah. Refer: al-Milal wa al-Nihal, 1/85)

They are the people who are being extravagant in the matter of taqdir (fate) to the extent
that they think humans have neither wants nor choice in doing something. Everything is enforced
by Allah SWT, like shivers which is beyond the control of a human being.

As for Al-Ja’d Bin Dirham, he stayed in Damascus until he manifested his belief that the
Qur’aan is created, so Banu Umayyah pursued him and he fled to Kufa; then Al-Jahm Bin Safwaan
met him there and blindly followed him. Then Khaalid Al-Qasree executed Al-Ja’d Bin Dirham
on the day of Eedul Adhaa at Kufa, and that was when Khaalid delivered the Khutbah and said,
“O people! Offer your sacrifice and may Allaah accept your sacrifice, for indeed I am going to
slaughter Al-Ja’d Bin Dirham because he claims that Allaah did not take Ibraaheem [peace be upon
him] as a close friend and that Allaah did not speak to Moosaa [peace be upon him]- Exalted is
Allaah and free is He from what Al-Ja’d has stated”. Then Khaalid step down from the pulpit and
slaughtered him.

According to Syeikh Hassan Ayyub, the founder of Jabarites is Jahm bin Safwan; a man
from Khurasan. Jahm is a non-Arab Muslim (mawali) who was born in Kufah. His followers are
known as Jabarites; those who believe that humans are forced to act in certain ways like feathers
blown by the wind. (See: Tabsit al-‘Aqa’id al-Islamiyyah, page 297). Their dalil is the Quranic
verse:
‫ت َو َما ۚ قَﺘَلَ ُهم اﻟلـهَ َو َﻟ ٰـ ِكن ت َقﺘُلُوهُم فَ َلم‬ َ ‫َس ِﻤيع اﻟلـهَ ِإن ۚ َح َسنا َب ََلء ِمنهُ اﻟ ُﻤؤ ِمنِينَ َو ِﻟيُب ِل َي ۚ َر َم ٰى اﻟلـهَ َوﻟَ ٰـ ِكن َر َمي‬
َ ‫ت ِإذ َر َمي‬
‫َع ِليم‬

“And you did not kill them, but it was Allah who killed them. And you threw not, [O
Muhammad], when you threw, but it was Allah who threw that He might test the believers with a
good test. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing.”
DIRARIYAH

AL-KHALID C. TOMAWIS
 Dirariyah:

Dirariyah: This sect is founded by Dirar bin 'Amru al-Kufi which propagates during the last reign

of Umayyad Empire. This belief of Dirar's is also known as a medium sect as the Najjariyah on

the concept of exertion (kasb). According to this sect, God and humans cooperate in generating

human actions. In which, humans are not merely forced in their actions. However, all actions are

still under the will of Allah SWT.